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Sespite the fact that composting is taken into consideration to have a low environmental effect, it is unavoidable that the composting of manure will emit anthropogenic greenhouse gases and different gases together with ammonia and other gases such as VOCs. Amongst the numerous waste management routines, composting is regarded as the sustainable treatment technique for recycling agro-industrial waste into valuable by-products Employment of cheap and abundant biomass resources is an advantage of this approach making it an extensively studied approach to manage biodegradable waste for a sustainable environment. In this regard, composting represents an effectual substitute for organic waste management, since it reduces the dumping of wastes in landfills and the usage of improper disposal techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Providing safe drinking water and clean water is becoming a more challenging task all around the world. Although some critical issues and limits remain unsolved, implementing ecologically sustainable nanomaterials (NMs) with unique features, e.g., highly efficient and selective, earth-abundance, renewability, low-cost manufacturing procedures, and stability, has become a priority. Carbon nanoparticles (NPs) offer tremendous promise in the sectors of energy and the environment. However, a series of far more ecologically friendly synthesis techniques based on natural, renewable, and less expensive waste resources must be explored. This will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and harmful material extraction and assist the development of green technologies. The progress achieved in the previous 10 years in the fabrication of novel carbon-based NMs utilizing waste materials as well as natural precursors is reviewed in this article. Research on carbon-based NPs and their production using naturally occurring precursors and waste materials focuses on this review research. Water treatment and purification using carbon NMs, notably for industrial and pharmaceutical wastes, has shown significant potential. Research in this area focuses on enhanced carbonaceous NMs, methods, and novel nano-sorbents for wastewater, drinking water, groundwater treatment, as well as ionic metal removal from aqueous environments. Discussed are the latest developments and challenges in environmentally friendly carbon and graphene quantum dot NMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]