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The identification of a charophyte population found in a rice field in Ferrara, North Italy, collected in 1999 and initially identified as Nitella translucens, has been reevaluated. Detailed morphological observations here reported have suggested that the specimen displays characteristics more akin to Nitella axillaris, particularly in the structure of its bicellular dactyls and axillary heads. Additional examinations, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of oospores and analyses of herbarium specimens—encompassing original materials of N. axillaris, N. axillaris f. tenuoir, and N. translucens f. confervoides—support this reclassification. Notably, the Ferrara specimens exhibit reticulate oospores and specific morphological traits that align well with N. axillaris. However, a syntype of N. axillaris housed at the BM Herbarium presents an anomaly, as it features granulate rather than the expected reticulate oospores. This discrepancy indicates a need for further studies, given that the lectotype of N. axillaris lacks oospores altogether. For now, the charophyte population from Ferrara can be provisionally assigned to N. axillaris "sensu Auctores". Additionally, it appears to be an alien species introduced into the rice fields of Northern Italy, highlighting the need for further investigation into its taxonomy and distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The native grasses of the flooded savannah ecosystem are produced under natural conditions and there is little information on the productive and nutritional response to the application of fertilizers. They are proposed as a strategy for adaptation to climate change and for the sustainable development of livestock farming. The aim of the study was to evaluate the response to low doses of fertilization of native grasses ("bank" grasses: Paspalum plicatulum, Panicum versicolor, and Paspalum sp. "Low" grasses: Leersia hexandra and Hymenachne amplexicaulis) in flooded savannah conditions. The green forage samples were taken in a 1 m2 frame at 28-, 35-, and 42-day cutting intervals and biomass production was estimated with and without fertilization. After 35 days, the nutritional composition was analyzed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The effect of fertilization and the grasses × cutting interval interaction influenced (p < 0.05) green forage (GF, t/ha) and dry matter (DM, t/ha). The effect of fertilization and the grasses × fertilization interaction on the nutritional composition only influenced the content of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) in the "low" grasses, while in the "bank" grasses, it influenced the sodium (Na) content (p < 0.05). The application of fertilizers generated significant differences in forage yield, but not in the general nutritional composition of grasses. However, some numerical variations were observed in favor of fertilized grasses. According to these results, the application of fertilizers will not be required to increase the value of the nutritional composition. Native grasses constitute an important sustainable food resource for livestock in flooded savannah ecosystems. This study constitutes the first approximation to understanding the behavior of native grasses for sustainable management in the flooded savannah ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease characterized by painful, recurrent abscesses, nodules, and scarring, primarily in skin folds. The exact causes of HS are multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. It is associated with systemic diseases such as metabolic syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Genetic studies have identified mutations in the γ-secretase complex that affect Notch signaling pathways critical for skin cell regulation. Despite its high heritability, most reported HS cases do not follow a simple genetic pattern. In this article, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on a cohort of 100 individuals with HS, and we provide a comprehensive review of the variants known to be described or associated with HS. 91 variants were associated with the γ-secretase complex, and 78 variants were associated with other genes involved in the Notch pathway, keratinization, or immune response. Through this new genetic analysis, we have added ten new variants to the existing catalogs. All variants are available in a.vcf file and are provided as a resource for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study purpose was to develop a machine learning (ML)-based predictive model for event-free survival (EFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR). Methods: Patients receiving SABR for HCC at a single institution, between 2017 and 2020, were included in the study. They were split into training and test (85%:15%) cohorts. Events of interest were HCC recurrence or death. Three ML models were trained, the features were selected, and the hyperparameters were tuned. The performance was measured using Harrell's C index with the best-performing model being tested on the unseen cohort. Results: Overall, 41 patients were included (training = 34, test = 7) and 64 lesions were analysed (training = 50, test = 14), resulting in 30 events (60% rate) in the training set (death = 6, recurrence = 24) and 8 events (57% rate) in the test set (death = 5, recurrence = 3). A Cox regression model, using age at treatment, albumin, and intra-lesional fat identified through MRI as variables, had the best performance with a mean training score of 0.78 (standard deviation (SD) 0.02), a mean validation of 0.78 (SD 0.18), and a test score of 0.94. Conclusions: Predicting the outcomes in patients with HCC, following SABR, using a novel model is feasible and warrants further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for effective hair care products has highlighted the necessity for rigorous claims substantiation methods, particularly for products that target specific hair types. This is essential because the effectiveness of a product can vary significantly based on the hair's condition and characteristics. A well-defined bleaching protocol is crucial for creating a standardized method to assess product efficacy, especially for products designed to repair damaged hair. The objective of this study was to create a practical bleaching protocol that mimics real-world consumer experiences, ensuring that hair samples exhibit sufficient damage for testing. This approach allows for a reliable assessment of how well various products can repair hair. The protocol serves as a framework for evaluating hair properties and the specific effects of each product on hair structure. Color, brightness, lightness, morphology, and topography were primarily used to understand the big differences in the hair fiber when treated with two repair benchmark products, K18® and Olaplex®, in relation to the Bleached hair. The devised bleaching protocol proved to be a fitting framework for assessing the properties of hair and the unique characteristics of each tested product within the hair fiber. This protocol offers valuable insights and tools for substantiating consumer claims, with morphological and mechanical methods serving as indispensable tools for recognizing and validating claims related to hair. The addition of K18® and Olaplex® demonstrated an increase in hair brightness (Y) and lightness (L* and a*) in relation to the Bleached samples, which were considered relevant characteristics for consumers. Olaplex®'s water-based nature creates a visible inner sheet, effectively filling empty spaces and improving the disulfide linkage network. This enhancement was corroborated by the increased number of disulfide bonds and evident changes in the FTIR profile. In contrast, K18®, owing to the lipophilic nature of its constituents, resulted in the formation of an external layer above the fiber. The composition of each of the products had a discrete impact on the fiber distribution, which was an outcome relevant to the determination of spreadability by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke often causes neuromotor disabilities, impacting index finger function in daily activities. Due to the role of repetitive, even passive, finger movements in neuromuscular re-education and spasticity control, this study aims to design a rehabilitation exoskeleton based on the pulp pinch movement. The exoskeleton uses an underactuated RML topology with a single degree of mobility, customized from 3D scans of the patient's hand. It consists of eight links, incorporating two consecutive four-bar mechanisms and the third inversion of a crank–slider. A two-stage genetic optimization was applied, first to the location of the intermediate joint between the two four-bar mechanisms and later to the remaining dimensions. A targeted genetic optimization process monitored two quality metrics: average mechanical advantage from extension to flexion, and its variability. By analyzing the relationship between these metrics and key parameters at different synthesis stages, the population evaluated is reduced by up to 96.2%, compared to previous studies for the same problem. This custom-fit exoskeleton uses a small linear actuator to deliver a stable 12.45 N force to the fingertip with near-constant mechanical advantage during flexion. It enables repetitive pulp pinch movements in a flaccid finger, improving rehabilitation consistency and facilitating home-based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-world evidence on the impact of monoclonal antibodies as first-line treatment in Spain is limited. This observational, retrospective and prospective, multicenter, descriptive study included 117 transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TIE-NDMM) patients divided into Group A, who received no daratumumab standard regimens, and the DVMP group (daratumumab, bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone treatment). More than 90% of the patients in Group A received bortezomib, lenalidomide, or a combination of them. The median follow-up time for Group A was 38.2 months in comparison to 25.8 months for the DVMP group (p < 0.0001). The rate of DVMP patients that experienced disease progression or death from any cause was 36.8%, compared to 67.3% of Group A patients at 36 months of follow-up. The DVMP group had a higher 36-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate (52.9% vs. 31.7%). During the retrospective period, 73.0% of patients reported adverse drug reactions, while in the prospective period, 40.5% experienced adverse events, with no clinical differences between groups. The study supports the use of daratumumab regimens in frontline therapy based on real-world data. The findings provide valuable insights into the clinical outcomes of daratumumab therapy, which can help physicians make informed decisions regarding the optimal treatment approach for this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-reported occupational exposure was previously associated with COPD in the Spanish population. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between occupational exposure to various chemical and biological agents, COPD, emphysema, and the bronchial wall area, which was determined by lung computed tomography (CT) in 226 individuals with COPD and 300 individuals without COPD. Lifetime occupational exposures were assessed using the ALOHA(+) job exposure matrix, and CT and spirometry were also performed. COPD was associated with high exposure to vapours, gases, dust and fumes (VGDF) (OR 2.25 95% CI 1.19–4.22), biological dust (OR 3.01 95% CI 1.22–7.45), gases/fumes (OR 2.49 95% CI 1.20–5.17) and with exposure to various types of solvents. High exposure to gases/fumes, chlorinated solvents and metals (coefficient 8.65 95% CI 1.21–16.09, 11.91 95%CI 0.46- 23.36, 14.45 95% CI 4.42–24.49, respectively) and low exposure to aromatic solvents (coefficient 8.43 95% CI 1.16–15.70) were associated with a low 15th percentile of lung density indicating emphysema. We conclude that occupational exposure to several specific agents is associated with COPD and emphysema in the Spanish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The main outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic can be used to assess the capability and sustainability of public healthcare and Long-Term Care (LTC) systems. This study aims to identify the population's demographic and socio-economic characteristics, as well as other national resources associated with the incidence and mortality of COVID-19, by comparing three European countries during the first pandemic period (Italy, Spain, and Germany). The results will identify possible strengths and weaknesses that could be considered as hints of the need for health and social intervention. Methods: Variables describing the countries' core demographics, socio-economic characteristics, and national resources were collected from 2001–2021 from well-established international databases. COVID-19 incidence and death figures from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021 were extracted from national health databases. Analysis focused on bivariate and weighted multivariable linear regressions between incidence, mortality, and socio-economic covariates. Results: Findings show that both care models and socio-demographic characteristics influenced the capability of the first year's response to the COVID-19 emergency. Formal public care appears to represent the most effective strategy against incidence and mortality regarding COVID-19, especially for older people, because it mitigates the adverse effects of socio-economic characteristics. Conclusions: Current strategies oriented towards privatizing care should, therefore, be considered critically, since they may result in weaker protection of vulnerable groups, such as frail older people, due to the unequal position of individuals with different socio-economic conditions in purchasing services from the care market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Pneumothorax can be a major complication of neonatal lung diseases. We aim to delineate trends and describe the main outcomes related to pneumothorax in very preterm infants (VPI). Methods: Preterm infants < 32 weeks of gestation admitted in two-level III neonatal intensive care units (1995–2019) were included. Risk factors and outcomes were assessed by logistic regression and adjusted for gestational age (GA). Results: In total, 4271 VPI with a mean GA of 28.7 ± 2.3 weeks were evaluated. Pneumothorax was diagnosed in 174 patients (4.1%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.5–4.7) with its incidence inversely proportional to GA: 9.9% in 23–25 w and 2.1% in 30–31 w (p < 0.001), but stable over the years 1995–1999 (5.2%) and 2015–2019 (4.2%) (p = 0.309). Patients with pneumothorax exhibited higher rates of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.0 (95%CI 1.3–3.1), p = 0.003), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR = 2.7 (95%CI 1.7–4.4), p < 0.001), and death (OR = 8.5 (95%CI 6.2–11.6), p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for pneumothorax were GA, prolonged premature rupture of membranes, and intubation in the delivery room. The composite outcome of death or severe IVH was higher in patients with pneumothorax with an adjusted OR = 6.7 (95%CI 4.7–9.6), p < 0.001. Although VPI mortality has significantly decreased over the years (20.3% 1995–1999 and 11.7% 2015–2019, p < 0.001), we found no significant difference in pneumothorax-related deaths. Conclusion: Pneumothorax remains a serious threat to VPI, leading to a higher incidence of morbidity, and mortality attributable to this complication has not decreased. Preventive strategies and early recognition are essential for improving disability-free survival in VPI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for many diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker that can detect axonal damage in different neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of the expression profile of pre-selected miRNAs and NfL levels with clinical and radiological variables in MS patients. We conducted a 1-year longitudinal prospective study in MS patients with different clinical forms. We measured clinical disability using the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry baseline, and cognitive functioning using the processing speed test (PST) at baseline and 1 year later. Selected serum miRNAs and serum NfL (sNfL) levels were quantified. Seventy-three patients were recruited. MiR-126.3p correlated with EDSS and cognitive status at baseline and miR-126.3p and miR-9p correlated with cognitive deterioration at 1 year. Correlations with regional brain volumes were observed between miR-126.3p and the cortical gray matter, cerebellum, putamen, and pallidum; miR-146a.5p with the cerebellum and pallidum; miR-29b.3p with white matter and the pallidum; miR-138.5p with the pallidum; and miR-9.5p with the thalamus. sNfL was correlated with miR-9.5p. miR-146a.5p was also associated with the MS phenotype. These data justify future studies to further explore the utility of miRNAs (mirR-126.3p, miR-146.5p, and miR.9-5p) and sNfL levels as biomarkers of MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the synergistic effects of three protein concentrates from legumes (pea, lentil, and lima bean) as emulsifiers and stabilizers of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using a simplex-centroid mixture design. The aim was to check whether proteins combined in different proportions have better emulsifying properties than isolated proteins. During this study, each protein concentrate was characterized by different evaluated parameters: emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, accelerated stability test, thermal coagulation time, stability to coalescence, and others. After statistical analysis mixture optimization, it was found that the best formulation for stabilizing O/W emulsion under the tested conditions (2% total protein; 3% sunflower oil) was the protein blend containing 21.21% pea, 32.78% lentil, and 46.01% fava bean. This blend exhibited better emulsification properties compared to the individual proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a rare genodermatosis caused by β-human papillomaviruses (HPV) in immunodeficient patients. EV is characterized by flat warts and pityriasis-like lesions and might be isolated or syndromic, associated with some other infectious manifestations. We report here three patients from two independent families, with syndromic EV for both of them. By whole exome sequencing, we found that the patients carry new homozygous variants in STK4, both leading to a premature stop codon. STK4 deficiency causes a combined immunodeficiency characterized by a broad infectious susceptibility to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Auto-immune manifestations were also reported. Deep immunophenotyping revealed multiple cytopenia in the three affected patients, in particular deep CD4+ T cells deficiency. We report here the fourth and the fifth cases of the syndromic EV due to STK4 deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Survey (HOOS) was developed as a region- and disease-specific outcome to assess hip disability. Despite the use of the HOOS in clinical practice and research, psychometric analyses of the scale in a large dataset of patients have not been performed. As such, the purposes of this study were to assess the structural validity of the HOOS in patients who underwent a total hip arthroplasty. Data were obtained from the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) global registry. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to assess the scale structure of the 40-item HOOS and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify a parsimonious scale structure. The parsimonious model identified was subjected to multi-group and longitudinal invariance testing and LGC modeling. The original five-factor, 40-item HOOS did not meet recommended model fit indices values (CFI = 0.822, TLI = 0.809, IFI = 0.822, RMSEA = 0.085). Alternate model generation identified an alternative model (i.e., HOOS-9). Sound model fit was identified for the HOOS-9 (CFI = 0.974, TLI = 0.961, RMSEA = 0.046). Invariance testing criteria were also met between groups (i.e., age and sex) and across time. Lastly, a nonlinear growth trajectory was identified in responses pertaining to hip disability. The original scale structure of the 40-item HOOS was not supported. The HOOS-9 met contemporary model fit recommendations, along with multi-group and longitudinal invariance testing. Our findings support the preliminary use of the HOOS-9 to assess hip function and disability in research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of superhydrophobic antibacterial materials represents a promising approach to maintaining surface cleanliness and hygiene by effectively preventing bacterial adhesion. This research outlines the synthesis of a superhydrophobic coating with anti-adhesion and bacteriostatic properties, utilizing silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to analyze the coating's morphology and surface characteristics. The coating was applied to glass substrates using the spray coating method, and the number of layers was varied to evaluate its antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties. These properties were measured using turbidimetry and inhibition halo techniques. Additionally, the durability of the coatings was assessed by exposing them to outdoor conditions for 35 days. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and bacteriostatic capacities of the superhydrophobic coating, along with its resistance to outdoor weathering. The results indicate that a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle ≥ 150° and a sliding angle ≤ 10° was successfully synthesized using SiO2 NPs smaller than 10 nm, modified with PFDTES. The coating demonstrated an ability to inhibit bacterial growth by preventing the adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the number of coating layers significantly influenced its bacteriostatic efficacy. The coating also exhibited strong durability under outdoor conditions. These findings highlight the potential application of superhydrophobic coatings for the prevention of bacterial adhesion and growth in environments where such contamination poses risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the number of cases of an epidemic is the first function of epidemiological surveillance. An important underreporting of cases was observed in many locations during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. To estimate this underreporting in the COVID-19 outbreak of Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) in March 2020, a cross-sectional study was performed in June 2020 querying the public health register. Logistic regression models were used. Of a total of 468 symptomatic COVID-19 cases diagnosed in the outbreak through anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology, 36 cases were reported (7.7%), resulting in an underreporting proportion of 92.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.5–94.6%), with 13 unreported cases for every reported case. Only positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction cases were predominantly reported due to a limited testing capacity and following a national protocol. Significant factors associated with underreporting included no medical assistance for COVID-19 disease, with an adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of 10.83 (95% CI 2.49–47.11); no chronic illness, aOR = 2.81 (95% CI 1.28–6.17); middle and lower social classes, aOR = 3.12 (95% CI 1.42–6.85); younger age, aOR = 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99); and a shorter duration of illness, aOR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.97–0.99). To improve the surveillance of future epidemics, new approaches are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous reports have demonstrated that the peptide derived from LfcinB, R-1-R, exhibits anti-Candida activity, which is enhanced when combined with an extract from the Bidens pilosa plant. However, the mechanism of action remains unexplored. In this research, a proteomic study was carried out, followed by a bioinformatic analysis and biological assays in both the SC5314 strain and a fluconazole-resistant isolate of Candida albicans after incubation with R-1-R. The proteomic data revealed that treatment with R-1-R led to the up-regulation of most differentially expressed proteins compared to the controls in both strains. These proteins are primarily involved in membrane and cell wall biosynthesis, membrane transport, oxidative stress response, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and DNA damage response. Additionally, proteomic analysis of the C. albicans parental strain SC5314 treated with R-1-R combined with an ethanolic extract of B. pilosa was performed. The differentially expressed proteins following this combined treatment were involved in similar functional processes as those treated with the R-1-R peptide alone but were mostly down-regulated (data are available through ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD053558). Biological assays validated the proteomic results, evidencing cell surface damage, reactive oxygen species generation, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. These findings provide insights into the complex antifungal mechanisms of the R-1-R peptide and its combination with the B. pilosa extract, potentially informing future studies on natural product derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and polyphenols has emerged as a captivating frontier in understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic potential of these bioactive compounds. Phenolic compounds, renowned for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, are subject to intricate transformations within the gut milieu, where the diverse microbial ecosystem exerts profound effects on their metabolism and bioavailability. Conversely, polyphenols exhibit a remarkable capacity to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota, fostering a bidirectional relationship that extends beyond mere nutrient processing. This symbiotic interaction holds significant implications for human health, particularly in cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Through a comprehensive exploration of molecular interactions, this narrative review elucidates the reciprocal dynamics between the gut microbiota and polyphenols, unveiling novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in cardiometabolic disorders. By unravelling the intricate cross-talk between these two entities, this review underscores the multifaceted roles of polyphenols in overall health and the pivotal role of gut microbiota modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy in mitigating the burden of cardiometabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livestock production in the basins of the northern macro-region of Peru has as its primary source pastures of Lolium multiflorum L. 'Cajamarquino ecotype' (ryegrass CE) in monoculture, or in association with white clover Ladino variety, for feeding. The objective of this research work was the morphological characterisation, yield evaluation, and cutting time evaluation of two local genotypes (LM-58 and LM-43) of Lolium multiflorum L. in six locations. An ANOVA was performed to compare fixed effects and interaction. It was determined that the LM-58 genotype is intermediate, growing semi-erect, with a dark green colouring and 0.8 cm broadleaf, and can reach an average stem length of 46 cm, up to 1.6 cm. day−1, achieving fourth-leaf growth at 28 days under appropriate management conditions. Despite the differentiated characteristics, according to BLASTn evaluation, the ITS1 sequences showed a greater than 99.9% similar identification to Lolium multiflorum L., characterising it as such. It was determined that the LM-58 genotype outperforms LM-43, achieving a forage yield of 4.49 Mg. ha−1, a seed production of 259.23 kg. ha−1, and an average of 13.48% crude protein (CP). The best biomass yield (49.10 Mg. ha−1.yr−1) is reached at 60 days; however, at 30 days, there is a high level of CP (14.84%) and there are no differences in the annual protein production at the cutting age of 60 and 45 days. With the results of the present study, LM-58 from a selection and crossbreeding of 680 ryegrass EC accessions emerges as an elite genotype adapted to the conditions of the northern high Andean zone of Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of lichens on the conservation of monuments, such as the World Heritage Site (WHS) of Cappadocian churches, presents a multifaceted challenge for conservators. Previous studies have shown that lichens can both induce deterioration processes of stone through their penetration into the substrate and chemical interactions as well as provide bioprotection, forming encrustations including calcium oxalate layers, which help mitigating the effects of weathering, reducing water penetration and eolian erosion. Evaluating the impact of lichens requires a comprehensive understanding of various factors, which include the type of rock substrate, the colonizing lichen species, the monument architecture, and the prevailing physic-chemical weathering processes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of lichen colonization on Saint Simeon Church in the Paşabağı Valley (Turkey) with a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the interplay between lichens, microclimatic conditions, and the degradation of stone. Specifically, this study examines the influence of wind-driven rain (WDR) occurrences on lichen distribution and stone weathering to develop comprehensive conservation strategies. The results confirmed the previous observations and showed a prevalence of the protective role of lichens over their deterioration. The northwest side of the church, despite being heavily impacted by environmental factors such as WDR and freezing–thawing cycles, showed reduced deterioration due to extensive lichen coverage. In contrast, the northeast side, with lower lichen colonization, demonstrated more severe deterioration. These findings suggest that integrating the protective aspects of lichen colonization into conservation strategies can enhance their preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: File fracture during root canal treatment in endodontics is a major concern for clinicians. The strength of the file is strongly dependent on its geometry, material, and working conditions; finite element simulations are used to understand these failure mechanisms. One limitation of the models used for these simulations is the approximate geometric representation typically obtained by rotating and scaling a specific cross-section shape along the file length. Given the influence of file geometry on file strength, a more realistic representation based on the manufacturing method is needed. Methods: A computerized method was developed to generate the file geometry by simulating the flute grinding manufacturing process. This method generates the 3D geometry of the file starting from a blank and reproducing the motions of the file and grinding wheel. Results: The cross-section of the resulting geometry does not involve simple rotation and scaling but changes from the shank to the tip. The tilt angle of the grinding wheel affects the final geometry, thus altering the convexity of the cross-section. Several other parameters, such as the pitch and the radius of the grinding disc tip, impact the final geometry. Conclusions: The proposed computational method allows for the generation of endodontic file geometries that match those produced via the actual flute grinding method. This tool may help researchers and tool designers in the preparation of finite element models to assess the strength of realistic files. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The Sanmartinero creole bovine (SM) is found in the department of Meta (Colombian Orinoquia) and derives from the bullfighting cattle introduced by the Spanish in the 15th century. Its adaptation process has allowed it to develop adaptive characteristics to live in extreme climatic environments. Although there are studies on its reproductive and productive characteristics, little is known about possible asymmetries in some biological structures. Fluctuating asymmetry allows us to detect a possible developmental instability that may be caused by stressful conditions. The aim of our study was to present the current state of developmental instability in two bilateral cephalic characters of the SM creole bovine. The results showed a fluctuating asymmetry biased to the left for ear and horn length, and to the right for ear width and horn perimeter. We consider that the environment in which it lives may have an impact on the development of cephalic structures, creating stress in the animal, which causes the detected asymmetry. However, the authors are not aware of any studies on this topic. Asymmetric studies can indicate disturbances in the developmental process. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is considered an indicator of stress. The Sanmartinero (SM) creole bovine is native to the department of Meta (Colombian Orinoquia) and its adaptation process has allowed it to live in extreme tropical environments. The aim of this cross-sectional and descriptive study was to present the current state of the knowledge of asymmetries in some cephalic characters of the SM creole bovine. A total of 94 animals were studied (18 uncastrated males and 76 females) from three different farms, with an age range of 0.5–10 years. For each animal, two measurements of the ear (width and length) and two measurements of the horn (perimeter and length) were obtained in vivo. The degree of asymmetry was calculated as (R − L)/(R + L). Bilateral differences pointed towards a fluctuating asymmetry (e.g., a random variation in the trait that is expected to be perfectly symmetrical) biased towards right for ear width and horn perimeter, and towards left for ear and horn length. Since the development of these structures—ears and horns—is under the control of the same set of genes, the fluctuating asymmetry could constitute a reflection of a normal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the association between self-compassion and psychological pain across various demographic variables. Using canonical correlation analysis, we observed an inverse relationship between the combined factors of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (OMMP-8). Subgroup analyses revealed differences in SCS subscales among demographic groups with females, individuals with mental health diagnoses, and non-athletes displaying higher scores on negative SCS subscales and PsyPn. Injury status did not significantly affect self-compassion levels, although injured individuals scored higher on the irreversibility subscale of PsyPn. Negative SCS factors exhibited larger group differences and stronger correlations with PsyPn, indicating the potency of negative thinking in influencing psychological pain. These findings underscore the importance of self-compassion in mental health and suggest potential implications for intervention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrokinetic energy constitutes a source of renewable energy. However, many regions have flow velocities that are too low for effective energy extraction, and conventional turbines are not suitable for these sites. In order to address this challenge, the present work proposes a novel vertical axis hydrokinetic turbine designed for environments where conventional turbines are not feasible due to a low water velocity. The turbine's design is inspired by biological principles, enhancing the traditional Savonius turbine by incorporating a Fibonacci spiral-inspired blade configuration. The turbine's performance was subjected to a rigorous analysis through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The results demonstrate a notable improvement, with a 15.1% increase in the power coefficient compared to the traditional Savonius turbine. This innovative approach not only extends the applicability of hydrokinetic turbines to low-flow regions but also underscores the potential of biomimicry in optimizing renewable energy technologies. The findings of this study indicate that integrating natural design principles can result in more efficient and sustainable energy solutions, thereby paving the way for the broader adoption of hydrokinetic power in diverse geographical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive fungal disease causes high morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. Resistance to conventional antifungal drugs and the toxicity associated with high doses highlight the need for effective antifungal therapies. In this study, the antifungal potential of the ethanolic extract of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew Leaf) leaves were evaluated against Candida albicans and C. auris. The antifungal activity was tested by the broth microdilution method and growth kinetic test. To further explore its antifungal action mode, spectrofluorophotometry, confocal microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed. Additionally, heterozygous knockout strains associated with resistance to oxidative stress were included in the study. We found that A. occidentale could inhibit the proliferation and growth of C. albicans at concentrations of 62.5 and 125 μg/mL. The doubling time was also drastically affected, going from 2.8 h to 22.5 h, which was also observed in C. auris. The extract induced the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, while it did not show cytotoxicity or hemolytic activity at the concentrations evaluated. Our work preliminarily elucidated the potential mechanisms of A. occidentale against C. albicans on a cellular level, and might provide a promising option for the design of a new treatment for invasive candidiasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The external variations between animals of the same species but of different sex are called sexual dimorphism. Variations in size are called sexual size dimorphism. In the creole bovine, the phenomenon of sexual dimorphism has been little studied. The aim of this study was to establish whether sexual dimorphism appears in the Sanmartinero creole bovine, in the department of Meta, Colombia. A total of 21 linear variables were obtained using standard morphometric methods and live weight, from a sample of 94 animals (16 uncastrated males and 78 females) with an average age of 4.3 ± 1.4 and 4.2 ± 2.3 years were measured. Statistically significant differences were found between sexes (p = 0.033) and not by age and farms. The variables that most differentiated males from females were thoracic circumference, body length, height at the withers, height at the rump, dorso-sternal diameter, and horn length. The only variables that presented statistically significant differences were the height at the withers and the rump, with values biased toward males. More studies are needed to understand sexual size dimorphism in the Sanmartinero creole bovine. Variations in the size of animals of the same species but of different sex are called sexual size dimorphism. The aim of this study was to compare the biometrics between males and females of the Sanmartinero creole bovine, of Colombia, to establish if sexual dimorphism appears in the breed. A total of 94 animals (16 uncastrated males and 78 females, average age of 4.3 ± 1.4 and 4.2 ± 2.3 years, respectively) from three different farms were measured. A total of 21 linear variables were obtained using standard morphometric methods and live weight. A one-way NPMANOVA was used to evaluate between sexes, ages, and farms, a Principal Component Analysis was used to detect the most discriminating variables, and a multivariate regression used age as an independent value. Statistically significant differences were reflected between sexes (p = 0.033) and not by age and farms. The variables that differentiated the most between males and females were those related to size (thoracic circumference, body length, dorso-sternal diameter, height at the withers, height at the rump, and horn length), variables that were biased toward males, although only the height at the withers and the rump were the ones that presented statistically significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in group activities such as choirs has been shown to have positive effects on emotional health and overall well-being. Inclusive choirs, which integrate individuals of various abilities and diverse backgrounds, provide a unique space for social interaction, emotional expression, and inclusion. This study aims to explore the impact of participation in an inclusive choir on the emotional health of its members, identifying both positive and negative emotional impacts as well as personal experiences derived from their participation. This longitudinal exploratory study combines participant observation, field notes, focus groups, and questionnaires to gain a deep understanding of the participant's emotional experiences through their narratives. The study was conducted in an inclusive choir located in a medium-sized city in Spain, which brings together people of various ages, genders, abilities, and cultural backgrounds. The results indicated that most participants experienced significant improvements in their emotional well-being, including increased self-esteem, a greater sense of belonging, and reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants also reported that the choir provided a safe space for emotional expression and the building of meaningful relationships. Participation in an inclusive choir can have a considerable positive impact on the emotional health of its members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the impact of age on the fecal microbiota in the genetic nucleus of cattle, with a focus on microbial richness, composition, functional diversity, and correlations with blood parameters. Fecal and blood samples from 21 cattle were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Older cattle exhibited greater bacterial diversity and abundance, with significant changes in alpha diversity indices (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis revealed significant variations in microbial composition between age groups and the interaction of age and sex (p < 0.05). Correlations between alpha diversity, community composition, and hematological values highlighted the influence of microbiota on bovine health. Beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Ruminococcaceae, were more abundant in older cattle, suggesting a role in gut health. Functional diversity analysis indicated that younger cattle had significantly more abundant metabolic pathways in fermentation and anaerobic chemoheterotrophy. These findings suggest management strategies including tailored probiotic therapies, dietary adjustments, and targeted health monitoring to enhance livestock health and performance. Further research should include comprehensive metabolic analyses to better correlate microbiota changes with age-related variations, enhancing understanding of the complex interactions between microbiota, age, and reproductive status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the design and development of an ultrasonic sensor as a fundamental tool for characterizing the properties of fluids and biofluids. The analysis primarily focuses on measuring the electrical parameters of the system, which correlate with the density and viscosity of the solutions, in sample volumes of microliters and with high temporal resolution (up to 1 data point per second). The use of this sensor allows the fast and non-destructive evaluation of the viscosity and density of fluids deposited on its free surface. The measurements are based on obtaining the impedance versus frequency curve and the phase difference curve (between current and voltage) versus frequency. In this way, characteristic parameters of the transducer, such as the resonance frequency, phase, minimum impedance, and the quality factor of the resonant system, can characterize variations in density and viscosity in the fluid under study. The results obtained revealed the sensor's ability to identify two parameters sensitive to viscosity and two parameters sensitive to density. As a proof of concept, the unfolding of the bovine albumin protein was studied, resulting in a curve that reflects its unfolding kinetics in the presence of urea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia remains an underdiagnosed syndrome, and there is a need to improve the early detection of cognitive decline. This narrative review examines the role of neuropsychological assessment in the characterization of cognitive changes associated with dementia syndrome at different states. The first section describes the early indicators of cognitive decline and the major barriers to their identification. Further, the optimal cognitive screening conditions and the most widely accepted tests are described. The second section analyzes the main differences in cognitive performance between Alzheimer's disease and other subtypes of dementia. Finally, the current challenges of neuropsychological assessment in aging/dementia and future approaches are discussed. Essentially, we find that current research is beginning to uncover early cognitive changes that precede dementia, while continuing to improve and refine the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders that cause dementia. However, neuropsychology faces several barriers, including the cultural diversity of the populations, a limited implementation in public health systems, and the adaptation to technological advances. Nowadays, neuropsychological assessment plays a fundamental role in characterizing cognitive decline in the different stages of dementia, but more efforts are needed to develop harmonized procedures that facilitate its use in different clinical contexts and research protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective, single-center, non-randomized, pre-marketing clinical investigation was conducted with a single group of subjects to collect skin lesion images. These images were subsequently utilized to compare the results obtained from a traditional method of wound size measurement with two novel methods developed using Machine Learning (ML) approaches. Both proposed methods automatically calculate the wound area from an image. One method employs a two-dimensional system with the assistance of an external calibrator, while the other utilizes an Augmented Reality (AR) system, eliminating the need for a physical calibration object. To validate the correlation between these methods, a gold standard measurement with digital planimetry was employed. A total of 67 wound images were obtained from 41 patients between 22 November 2022 and 10 February 2023. The conducted pre-marketing clinical investigation demonstrated that the ML algorithms are safe for both the intended user and the intended target population. They exhibit a high correlation with the gold standard method and are more accurate than traditional methods. Additionally, they meet the manufacturer's expected use. The study validated the performance, safety, and usability of the implemented methods as a valuable tool in the measurement of skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is recognised as a notoriously vulnerable period in the human life cycle. Influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, adolescents show a marked propensity to engage in risk behaviours. A systematic review was conducted of studies published in the Web of Science, PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases over the last decade, with the aim of collecting studies on the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviour in individuals aged 12–18 years. The aim was to confirm the role of high self-esteem as a consistent protective factor against risk behaviour. The results show that self-esteem is negatively related to risk behaviour. Our results also reflect the need for further research on how sociodemographic factors, among others, affect the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviours. This review highlights the relevance of implementing specific educational interventions to strengthen self-esteem in adolescents, with the aim of preventing various risk behaviours that may emerge during adolescence and persist throughout life if not addressed early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The popularity of motion-sensing computer-based games, like virtual reality (VR) exergames, is increasing among adolescents. However, their efficacy compared to conventional physical training methods remains unclear. This study investigated whether VR exergames produce effects on reaction time (RT) comparable to traditional tennis training in school-aged adolescents. (2) Methods: In total, 130 adolescents (mean age: 15.6 ± 2.0 years; 67 boys: 15.5 ± 2.2 years; 63 girls: 15.7 ± 1.8 years) were recruited in schools and assigned to one of three groups: VR exergame (G1, n = 39), tennis training (G2, n = 25), or control (G3, n = 66). Participants' RTs were evaluated before and after the interventions. G1 engaged in VR exergames for 8 min, G2 underwent traditional tennis training for 30 min, and G3 did not participate in any physical activity. (3) Results: Our results indicated that in G3, girls exhibited slower RTs compared to boys (p < 0.0). No differences were observed in RTs when comparing G1 and G2. (4) Conclusions: Sex appeared to influence RT, with girls showing slower RTs than boys in G3. The findings suggest that VR exergames and traditional tennis training have similar impacts on RT. This indicates the potential of VR exergames as an alternative to conventional physical training for improving RT in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The potential applications of this work include the reconstruction of artificial bacterial consortia that are able to resist and/or reduce chromium and are robust over time for a bioremediation application at the Quimica Central site (Mexico). Industrial residues with high concentrations of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], characterized by an alkaline pH (between 9 and 13) and high salinity (around 100 psu), were used as a source for extremophilic chromium-resistant and -reducing microorganisms. An investigation of biodiversity through MiSeq showed the presence of 20 bacterial classes, with Bacilli (47%), Negativicutes (15%), Bacteriodia (8%), Gammaproteobacteria (7%) and Clostridia (5%) being the most abundant. The bioprospection allowed the cultivation of 87 heterotrophic bacterial colonies and 17 bacterial isolates at the end of the isolation, and screening procedures were obtained. The isolates were related to Cellulosimicrobium aquatile, C. funkei, Acinetobacter radioresistens, Staphylococcus equorum, S. epidermis, Brachybacterium paraconglometratum, Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus, Pseudomonas songnenensis, Microbacterium algeriense and Pantoea eucalypti, most of them being resistant to Cr(VI). Resistances of up to 400 m g. L − 1 of chromate were obtained for four related strains (QReMLB55A, QRePRA55, QReMLB33A and QReMLB44C). The C. aquatile strain QReMLB55A and the P. songnenensis strain QReMLB33A were exposed to K 2 C r 2 O 7 (200 m g. L − 1 ) under optimal conditions, diminishing 94% and 24% of the Cr(VI) in 6 days, respectively. These strains exhibited a high potential for chromium remediation biotechnologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The maintenance of oral health is a crucial aspect of general well-being; however, a significant proportion of the worldwide population experiences a range of oral diseases. Dental caries is a highly prevalent non-communicable disease globally, especially in children and adolescents. Fluoride is involved in the control of dental caries, primarily by decreasing the critical pH for dental hard tissue dissolution and decreasing enamel solubility. Due to the substantial data supporting the efficacy of fluoride in controlling dental caries, many community-level fluoridation initiatives have been devised and executed as global public health preventive interventions. These initiatives encompass the fluoridation of water, salt, and milk. Water fluoridation is considered safe and effective when fluoride levels are maintained within the recommended range (0.6 to 1.1 mg/L). Salt fluoridation has a cariostatic potential similar to that of water fluoridation, and a fluoride concentration of 250 micrograms per gram in salt is not associated with an increased risk of developing dental fluorosis. However, there is currently an effort to reduce the consumption of table salt in order to mitigate the harmful effects of excessive salt consumption. It has been hypothesized that fluoride food supplementation, such as fluoridated milk, is associated with a decrease in caries experience in permanent teeth; however, the effect is not clear in primary teeth. Public-level fluoride interventions are more cost-effective than the operative care of caries lesions and limit the burden of care. The administration of fluorides should be conducted using safe methods, limiting ingestion, and adhering to the guidelines set by international and national health agencies in each country. This is particularly important when considering children with developing dentitions. Fluoride is an important tool in the control of dental caries, but it is crucial to combine it with good oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and regular visits to a dental professional to maintain long-term oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited U.S. research has been conducted examining factors affecting healthcare provider recruitment in rural settings, necessitating community-level investigations due to community differences. The aim of this study was to explore the factors involved in healthcare provider recruitment in a rural community in Northern Idaho. A retooled version of the Nursing Community Apgar Questionnaire (NCAQ) was used to collect data from 50 healthcare providers to assess items influencing provider recruitment. Items were categorized into five factors: geographic, economic, scope of practice, medical support, and facility and community support classes. Healthcare providers ranked items based on perceived importance and how advantageous or challenging it was to recruitment. A "Community Apgar" score is a composite score calculated using the advantage/challenge and importance scores. In our sample, medical support was rated as the most important class. Additionally, facility and community support was rated as the highest advantage class and had the most impactful Apgar scores, meaning it contained the most important advantage and challenge. Our findings suggest that these classes contain dominant factors related to the recruitment of providers in rural areas. Rural healthcare organizations seeking to improve the recruitment of healthcare providers should consider the potential impact of these factors on their population. Further investigations should be conducted on diverse rural samples across the U.S. to enable comparisons of research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of nursing care regarding patients' vascular access is a priority. This study determines the contribution of the variables involved in the quality of care and maintenance of vascular access (VA) devices in admitted patients in the Valencian Community. Methods: Using the STROBE statement, an observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 1576 VA devices. Data were collected using the INCATIV Questionnaire. We performed a multivariate analysis of the questionnaire variables. Results: In total, 50% had a good or very good assessment of the VA condition. This was positively correlated with anatomical location, dressing type, dressing date record, use of needle-free connectors (NFCs), date of last dressing change, presence of phlebitis, visibility of the insertion site and characteristics of the dressing's condition (p < 0.001). The model indicated that the presence of phlebitis was the clearest predictor of a poor VA care assessment (OR = 20.579), followed by no visibility of the insertion site (OR = 14.209). Results also indicated that uncovered VA lumens or no NFCs used were related to a negative quality assessment. Conclusion: By managing and controlling these variables, the likelihood of providing optimal care is ensured. This enables the establishment of a standardised care approach for all nursing professionals and the building of a new quality indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the influence of organic acids, added to the electrolytic solution, on the structure, morphology, and corrosion behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings produced on titanium grade 2. Particular attention is paid to the role of functional groups in the modification of the oxide's properties. For this reason, all three selected acids, namely glutaric, glutamic, and tartaric acid, display two carboxylic groups, thus they interact with the substrate material mainly through –COO− adsorption. However, glutamic acid also has an amine group, while tartaric acid has two hydroxyl groups. The presence of such additional functional groups is found to impact the formation of the PEO coatings. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, the number of defects and their dimension increase with an increasing number of active groups present in the organic molecules. Then, when glutaric acid with only two carboxyl groups, is employed as an additive, smaller pores are produced. The dimension of defects increases when glutamic and tartaric acid are used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing demonstrates that rutile and anatase are present in all the coatings and that when using tartaric acid, a relatively high level of amorphism is reached. The electrochemical and corrosion behaviours are evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in a heated sulphuric acid solution. It is found that all types of coatings provide protection against corrosion, with oxides produced using glutamic acid showing the lowest corrosion current density (0.58 mA·m−2) and low corrosion rate (1.02 μm·y−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our goal was to determine the cellular immune response (CIR) in a sample of the Borriana COVID-19 cohort (Spain) to identify associated factors and their relationship with infection, reinfection and sequelae. We conducted a nested case–control study using a randomly selected sample of 225 individuals aged 18 and older, including 36 individuals naïve to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and 189 infected patients. We employed flow-cytometry–based immunoassays for intracellular cytokine staining, using Wuhan and BA.2 antigens, and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Logistic regression models were applied. A total of 215 (95.6%) participants exhibited T-cell response (TCR) to at least one antigen. Positive responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were 89.8% and 85.3%, respectively. No difference in CIR was found between naïve and infected patients. Patients who experienced sequelae exhibited a higher CIR than those without. A positive correlation was observed between TCR and anti-spike IgG levels. Factors positively associated with the TCR included blood group A, number of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses received, and anti-N IgM; factors inversely related were the time elapsed since the last vaccine dose or infection, and blood group B. These findings contribute valuable insights into the nuanced immune landscape shaped by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor long-term survival in localized high-risk soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) of the extremities and trunk highlights the need to identify new prognostic factors. CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between CXCR4 expression in tumor tissue and survival in STSs patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy. CXCR4 expression was retrospectively determined by immunohistochemical analysis in serial specimens including initial biopsies, tumors post-neoadjuvant treatment, and tumors after relapse. We found that a positive cytoplasmatic expression of CXCR4 in tumors after neoadjuvant treatment was a predictor of poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.003) and overall survival (p = 0.019) in synovial sarcomas. We also found that positive nuclear CXCR4 expression in the initial biopsies was associated with poor RFS (p = 0.022) in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas. In conclusion, our study adds to the evidence that CXCR4 expression in tumor tissue is a promising prognostic factor for STSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outer and middle ear pathologies are known to disproportionately affect low-income countries but data is limited. We aim to quantify the prevalence rate of patients presenting with middle/outer ear pathologies at ABC Hearing Clinic and Training Centre in Lilongwe, Malawi. Audiological consultations (adult and paediatric) from 2018–2020 were reviewed for outer and middle ear pathologies. Secondary outcomes included patient type (private vs. community) compared to otoscopy findings, tympanometry findings, need for follow up, and follow up compliance. Out of 1576 patients reviewed, the proportion of abnormal cases' was 98.2%, with 41.4% being unilateral and 57.4% bilateral. Eighty-three percent presented with outer/middle ear pathologies. 68% of those presented with a pathology often associated with some degree of conductive hearing loss (occluding wax, perforation, discharge, Type B/Type C tympanogram). Average age was 29 + 0.527 years; 41.6% private and 58.2% community patients. Cerumen impaction was most common finding (51%). Higher rates of otoscopic abnormalities and type B tympanograms were noted in community vs. private patient (~40% vs. ~30%; ~70% vs. ~30%). Adherence to follow up was higher for community vs. private patients (29% vs. 17%); ~70% reported subjective improvement upon follow up. The majority required multiple interventions on follow up. Secondary follow up was recommended in 64.8%. A significant disease burden of outer and middle ear pathologies was identified. Further research is required to understand the disease burden and promote health policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In certain situations, bones do not heal completely after fracturing. One of these situations is a critical-size bone defect where the bone cannot heal spontaneously. In such a case, complex fracture treatment over a long period of time is required, which carries a relevant risk of complications. The common methods used, such as autologous and allogeneic grafts, do not always lead to successful treatment results. Current approaches to increasing bone formation to bridge the gap include the application of stem cells on the fracture side. While most studies investigated the use of mesenchymal stromal cells, less evidence exists about induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In this study, we investigated the potential of mouse iPSC-loaded scaffolds and decellularized scaffolds containing extracellular matrix from iPSCs for treating critical-size bone defects in a mouse model. In vitro differentiation followed by Alizarin Red staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed the osteogenic differentiation potential of the iPSCs lines. Subsequently, an in vivo trial using a mouse model (n = 12) for critical-size bone defect was conducted, in which a PLGA/aCaP osteoconductive scaffold was transplanted into the bone defect for 9 weeks. Three groups (each n = 4) were defined as (1) osteoconductive scaffold only (control), (2) iPSC-derived extracellular matrix seeded on a scaffold and (3) iPSC seeded on a scaffold. Micro-CT and histological analysis show that iPSCs grafted onto an osteoconductive scaffold followed by induction of osteogenic differentiation resulted in significantly higher bone volume 9 weeks after implantation than an osteoconductive scaffold alone. Transplantation of iPSC-seeded PLGA/aCaP scaffolds may improve bone regeneration in critical-size bone defects in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), such as the six-item International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-6), play a crucial role in assessing health conditions and guiding clinical decisions. Latent Growth Modeling (LGM) can be employed to understand recovery trajectories in patients post-operatively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess LGM properties of the IKDC-6 in patients with knee pathologies that require surgical intervention and to assess differences between subgroups (i.e., sex and age). A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Surgical Outcome System (SOS) database with patients who had undergone knee arthroscopy. Our results found that preoperative scores did not influence the rate of change overtime. Perceived knee health improved over time, with varying rates among individuals. The adolescent age subgroup and male subgroup exhibited faster recovery rates compared to the older age subgroup and female subgroup. While initial hypotheses suggested IKDC-6 could serve as a prognostic tool, results did not support this. However, results indicated favorable outcomes irrespective of preoperative perceived knee impairment levels. This study provides valuable insights into recovery dynamics following knee surgery, emphasizing the need for personalized rehabilitation strategies tailored to individual patient characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an intelligent system for the dynamic estimation of sheep body weight (BW). The methodology used to estimate body weight is based on measuring seven biometric parameters: height at withers, rump height, body length, body diagonal length, total body length, semicircumference of the abdomen, and semicircumference of the girth. A biometric parameter acquisition system was developed using a Kinect as a sensor. The results were contrasted with measurements obtained manually with a flexometer. The comparison gives an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 9.91 and a mean R 2 of 0.81. Subsequently, the parameters were used as input in a back-propagation artificial neural network. Performance tests were performed with different combinations to make the best choice of architecture. In this way, an intelligent body weight estimation system was obtained from biometric parameters, with a 5.8% RMSE in the weight estimations for the best architecture. This approach represents an innovative, feasible, and economical alternative to contribute to decision-making in livestock production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses an issue in attentional distribution in a binocular visual system using RSVP tasks under Attentional Blink (AB) experimental protocols. In Experiment 1, we employed dichoptic RSVP to verify whether, under interocular competition, attention may be captured by a monocular channel. Experiment 2 was a control experiment, where a monoptic RSVP assessed by both or only one eye determines whether Experiment 1 monocular condition results were due to an allocation of attention to one eye. Experiment 3 was also a control experiment designed to determine whether Experiment 1 results were due to the effect of interocular competition or to a diminished visual contrast. Results from Experiment 1 revealed that dichoptic presentations caused a delay in the type stage of the Wyble's eSTST model, postponing the subsequent tokenization process. The delay in monocular conditions may be further explained by a visual attenuation, due to fusion of target and an empty frame. Experiment 2 evidenced the attentional allocation to monocular channels when forced by eye occlusion. Experiment 3 disclosed that monocular performance in Experiment 1 differs significantly from conditions with interocular competition. While both experiments revealed similar performance in monocular conditions, rivalry conditions exhibit lower detection rates, suggesting that competing stimuli was not responsible for Experiment 1 results. These findings highlight the differences between dichoptic and monoptic presentations of stimuli, particularly on the AB effect, which appears attenuated or absent in dichoptic settings. Furthermore, results suggest that monoptic presentation and binocular fusion stages were a necessary condition for the attentional allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Markers that allow for the selection of tailored treatments for individual patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are yet to be identified. Our aim was to describe trends in real-life treatment usage. For this purpose, patients from the ENEIDA registry who received their first targeted IBD treatment (biologics or tofacitinib) between 2015 and 2021 were included. A subsequent analysis with Machine Learning models was performed. The study included 10,009 patients [71% with Crohn's disease (CD) and 29% with ulcerative colitis (UC)]. In CD, anti-TNF (predominantly adalimumab) were the main agents in the 1st line of treatment (LoT), although their use declined over time. In UC, anti-TNF (mainly infliximab) use was predominant in 1st LoT, remaining stable over time. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab were the most prescribed drugs in 2nd and 3rd LoT in CD and UC, respectively. Overall, the use of biosimilars increased over time. Machine Learning failed to identify a model capable of predicting treatment patterns. In conclusion, drug positioning is different in CD and UC. Anti-TNF were the most used drugs in IBD 1st LoT, being adalimumab predominant in CD and infliximab in UC. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab have gained importance in CD and UC, respectively. The approval of biosimilars had a significant impact on treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) is an interesting therapeutic option for children and adolescents with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). In fact, if it is true that radiotherapy is a key part of the multi-modal treatment of NRSTS patients, it is also true that the risk of radiation-induced side effects represent an important limitation in its use. The unique characteristics of protons can be leveraged to minimize doses to healthy tissue, potentially allowing for increased tumor doses and enhanced preservation of surrounding tissues. International cooperative efforts are required to better define the indications for PBT (based on the patient's age, estimated outcome, and tumor location), taking into account the currently limited number of available proton therapy facilities. This paper provides insights into the use of Proton Beam Therapy (PBT) in pediatric patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS). NRSTS are a heterogeneous group of rare and aggressive mesenchymal extraskeletal tumors, presenting complex and challenging clinical management scenarios. The overall survival rate for patients with NRSTS is around 70%, but the outcome is strictly related to the presence of various variables, such as the histological subtype, grade of malignancy and tumor stage at diagnosis. Multimodal therapy is typically considered the preferred treatment for high-grade NRSTS. Radiotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of children and adolescents with NRSTS. However, the potential for radiation-induced side effects partially limits its use. Therefore, PBT represents a very suitable therapeutic option for these patients. The unique depth-dose characteristics of protons can be leveraged to minimize doses to healthy tissue significantly, potentially allowing for increased tumor doses and enhanced preservation of surrounding tissues. These benefits suggest that PBT may improve local control while reducing toxicity and improving quality of life. While clear evidence of therapeutic superiority of PBT over other modern photon techniques in NRSTS is still lacking—partly due to the limited data available—PBT can be an excellent treatment option for young patients with these tumors. A dedicated international comprehensive collaborative approach is essential to better define its role within the multidisciplinary management of NRSTS. Shared guidelines for PBT indications—based on the patient's age, estimated outcome, and tumor location—and centralization in high-level referral centers are needed to optimize the use of resources, since access to PBT remains a challenge due to the limited number of available proton therapy facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance is currently a global health emergency. Metallodrugs, especially metal coordination complexes, comprise a broad variety of candidates to combat antibacterial infections. In this work, we designed a new family of Schiff base zinc(II) complexes with iminopyridine as an organic ligand and different inorganic ligands: chloride, nitrate, and acetate. The antibacterial effect of the Zn(II) complexes was studied against planktonic bacterial cells of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) strains. The results showed a moderate biocide activity in both types of planktonic bacteria, which arises from the metal complexation to the Schiff base ligand. Importantly, we confirmed the crucial effect of the metal, with Zn(II) improving the activity of Cu(II) counterparts previously reported. On the other hand, the impact of the inorganic ligands was not significant for the antibacterial effect but was relevant for the complex solubility. Finally, as proof of concept of topical antibacterial formulation, we formulated an emulsion containing the most lipophilic Zn(II) complex and confirmed a sustained release for 24 h in a vertical cell diffusion assay. The promising activity of iminopyridine Zn(II) complexes is potentially worth exploring in more detailed studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]