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Background/Objectives: An extract of calyces from Physalis peruviana with hypoglycemic activity is being considered as a potential herbal medicine. Preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of the extract in rats, focusing on plasma concentrations of its main compound, rutin, and its metabolites, revealed PK interactions in the extract matrix that improved the absorption of rutin metabolites compared to the pure compound, among other PK effects. This research aimed to study the PK of rutin alone and in the extract and assess potential PK interactions in the extract matrix on the flavonoid and its metabolites in rabbits, a nonrodent species; Methods: Animals received pure rutin or extract orally and intravenously. The PK analysis used noncompartmental and population pharmacokinetics (popPK) methods, and simple allometry was applied to predict human PK parameters; Results: The rutin concentration–time profile fit a two-compartment model with first-order elimination, while its metabolites fit a double first-order absorption model. The extract matrix led to increased absorption, distribution, and elimination of rutin as well as increased bioavailability of its metabolites in rabbits; Conclusions: The popPK model defined the equations for PK parameters describing these findings, and the increased volume of distribution and clearance of rutin was maintained in human predictions. These results will support the development of a new herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are prescribed worldwide in the treatment of non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Adverse reactions have been reported following the use of DOACs. One notable trend in the literature is the growing number of reported cases of esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) generated by DOAC use. We hereby report the case of a 73-year-old woman who presented to the hospital with asthenia, dysphagia, and melena two days prior to admission. The patient had taken apixaban due to non-valvular paroxysmal atrial fibrillation for a few weeks. The biological panel showed moderate anemia with a hemoglobin level of 7.7 g/dL Apixaban-induced EDS was diagnosed by the characteristic endoscopic findings. The patient received treatment with a proton pump inhibitor (pantoprazole) in a double dose. Also, an iron treatment was recommended for a period of six months. The follow-up endoscopy at one month confirmed the healing of the esophageal lesions. The case was discussed with the cardiologist. The first anticoagulant treatment proposed after discharge was a vitamin K antagonist (acenocumarol) but the patient refused this medication and thus it was decided to initiate rivaroxaban. Although DOACs have demonstrated their efficacy in the prevention and treatment of stroke and thromboembolism among the aging demographic, cases of DOAC-induced EDS will continue to pose numerous challenges for physicians worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of an internal auditor's activities in Romania, through their specific activities, on ESG reporting and sustainable development goals (SDGs). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) are three criteria by which an organization's operations are characterized as sustainable, responsible, or ethical. Even though, for business, the SDGs have been called "a 2030 purchase order for business and government action today", the alignment between environmental, social, and governance performance and sustainable development goals helps practitioners in observing corporate contributions to sustainable growth. This research aims to identify whether internal auditors in Romania are able to contribute to ESG reporting and the achievement of the sustainable development goals through specific objective assurance and advisory activities. Using the questionnaire, the data were collected from professional accountants who carry out internal audit missions. The main findings confirm a strong and directly significant connection between the internal audit's perception of the management's view of the SDGs and how the entity can contribute to achieving the SDG objectives. The results also showed a direct and medium-intensity impact of the variables, capturing the important role of internal audits in ESG reporting. Our study showed that internal audits can help with reporting ESG and sustainable development objectives through their activity. However, according to our statistical results, the internal auditors do not offer at all (or rarely offer) objective assurance and counseling related to these subjects. Moreover, it is observed that, in these situations, the management does not have a clear vision and has not taken measures to achieve the sustainable development goals and ESG factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus presents a great diversity of treatments that cause adverse effects; therefore, plants are a source of compounds that may have fewer adverse effects; Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) has compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. The objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of C. cassia oil (CCO) and its impact on oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Five groups were evaluated: (1) sham (SH), (2) 300 mg/kg CCO (CCO), (3) diabetic (D) induced with alloxan, (4) D + 300 mg/kg of CCO (D + CCO), and (5) D + 500 mg/kg of metformin (D + MET); all were treated for 5 days. CCO did not show alteration in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) vs. SH. D + CCO vs. D significantly reduced glucose (333 ± 109 vs. 458 ± 81 mg/dL), ALT (66 ± 15 vs. 160 ± 54 U/L), AST (119 ± 26 vs. 243 ± 104 U/L), and blood urea nitrogen (18.8 ± 2.3 vs. 29.2 ± 6.9 mg/dL). No significant changes were observed in D + CCO vs. D in malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas a significant reduction in MDA and GSH was achieved in D + MET, with an increase in SOD. There was a reduction in Rela and Gpx in D + CCO and D + MET vs. D. CCO has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces ALT, AST, and BUN levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability is crucial to reduce the impact of CO2 emissions and ensure sustainable economic development for future generations. The goal of this study is to investigate the influences of the adjusted gross dispensable income (GDI) per capita, the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy consumption per capita, economic inequality in the population (GINI), and the median age on the carbon emissions in 27 European countries. In the dynamic panel analysis, CO2 emissions represent the dependent variable, while adjusted GDI/capita, GDP/capita, energy use/capita, median age, and GINI are the independent variables. The valid results of the model show us that only the past values of CO2 emissions, GDP/capita, and median age significantly influence the carbon emissions in the European countries analyzed. The median age and the GDP/capita have inversely proportional impacts on the carbon emissions in Europe. A 1% increase in GDP/capita produced a 0.006% decrease in carbon emissions in Europe. The younger the population is, the higher the carbon emissions. In contrast, the adjusted gross disposable income/capita, the energy consumption/capita, and economic inequality do not significantly influence CO2 emissions/capita in the European countries and period analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of biopolymer-based films represents a promising direction in the packaging industry that responds to stringent needs for sustainability, reducing the ecological impact. Traditional fossil-derived polymers present major concerns because of their long decomposition time and their significant contribution to the pollution of the environment. On the contrary, biopolymers such as chitosan, PVA, and PLA offer viable alternatives. This study aimed to obtain an innovative pH indicator for smart packaging using a synthetic non-toxic anthocyanin analogue dye incorporated in bio-based films to indicate meat freshness and quality. The pH-responsive color-changing properties of the dye make it suitable for developing intelligent films to monitor food freshness. The obtained polymeric films were characterized by FT-IR and UV–VIS spectroscopy, and their thermal properties were assessed using thermogravimetric methods. Moisture content, swelling capacity, and water solubility of the polymeric films were also evaluated. The sensitivity of the biopolymer–flavylium composite films to pH variations was studied in the pH range of 2 to 12 and noticeable color variations were observed, allowing the monitoring of the meat's quality damage through pH changes. The pH-responsive films were applied directly on the surface or in the proximity of pork and chicken meat samples, to evaluate their colorimetric response to fresh and spoilt meat. This study can be the starting point for creating more durable packaging solutions leading to a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-implantitis (PI) is a current concern whose understanding and resolution are ongoing. We aimed to evaluate in vivo a new treatment with antibacterial properties, based on bacterial lysates obtained from the strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus oralis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. This research was conducted on 30 rats with PI which were divided into three groups and treated with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory (AAi) drugs, bacterial lysates (BLs), and saline (C), respectively. The monitoring period included the clinical and paraclinical examination where hematological, immunological, imaging, and histopathological analysis were performed. No particular clinical signs were observed, but the radiological examination showed the loss of all implants in group C, in contrast to group BL which had the highest survival rate of devices. White cells showed a decrease from the PI period, as did the immunological analysis. Only IL-6 showed an increase in the AAi and BL groups. Histopathologically, the C group presented a high degree of bone destruction, and in the BL group, many attenuated inflammatory phenomena appeared compared to the AAi animals. Bacterial lysates have similar effects to antibiotic-based therapeutic regimens for PI, and their future use may help to improve the current therapeutic management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most frequent congenital defects, and they significantly burden the healthcare system due to their high mortality rate and high cost of care for survivors. We aimed to highlight the incidence of CHDs in a tertiary center in Western Romania. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out between 2018 and 2022 at the "Pius Brinzeu" Emergency County Hospital Timisoara. Relevant information about the mothers and the newborns were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: The incidence of CHDs from 2018 to 2022 in our center was 5.3%. Eleven types of malformations were diagnosed postnatally in 541 newborns, with 28.8% of cases having more than one type of CHD. The antenatal detection rate was 28%, with the highest rates for tetralogy of Fallot, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, or significant ventricular septal defects and the lowest for pulmonary stenosis. The lower antenatal detection rate was influenced mainly by incomplete or absent prenatal care. Conclusions: The incidence of CHDs is clearly dependent of a multifactorial approach, and the results highlight this. With an incidence almost 50% lower than reported within the literature and a low rate of prenatal detections, CHDs could be a more of a burden to endure regarding medical treatment. Improvements in patients' education, prenatal care, and screening programs could improve diagnosis, decrease mortality, and optimize postnatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental occlusion refers to the static and dynamic relationships that are established between the teeth of the two arches and is an important factor in the homeostasis of the dento-maxillary system. The objective of the present study was to compare two digital occlusal analysis systems: the T-Scan III system and the Medit I600 intraoral scanner. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 20 students from the Faculty of Dental Medicine Craiova, whose dental occlusion was assessed with the T-Scan III system and with the Medit I600 intraoral scanner. Dental occlusion was assessed in the maximum intercuspation position, the edge-to-edge protrusion position, and the edge-to-edge position in right and left laterotrusion. The images of the 2D occlusal contact areas obtained by both methods were converted to.jpeg format and then transferred to Adobe Photoshop CS6 2021 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA) for comparison. The recorded data were statistically processed. Results: Analyzing the data provided by the two digital occlusal analysis systems, it was found that the T-Scan III system provided data related to the amplitude of the occlusal forces, the surface on which they were distributed (the contact surface), the dynamics of the occlusal contacts, and the proportion in which they were distributed at the level of the two hemiarches, and the Medit I600 intraoral scanner performed an evaluation of the occlusal interface of the two arches, highlighting the extent of the contact areas with the degree of overlapping of the occlusal components. Although both methods of occlusal analysis recorded the highest values for the maximum intercuspation position, the results could not be compared. Conclusions: The two digital systems provide different data in occlusal analysis. As the T-Scan III system is considered the gold standard for occlusal analysis, more studies are needed to understand the data provided by the Medit I600 intraoral scanner and their significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigations have shown the different impacts that ACEs have on an individual's adult life, on both physical and mental health, but they have not yet shown the issue of the influence of ACEs on adults and young adults. Objective/Participants and Setting: This systematic review, performed according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, intended to understand the most frequent outcomes of adverse childhood experiences in the life of young adults and adults. Methods: Studies were identified through multiple literature search databases at EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and PubMed April 2023, and a total of 279 studies, published between 1999 and 2002, were excluded, 256 because of multiple factors: being duplicates, showing statistical analysis with correlations only, being systematic reviews or case studies, comprising individuals under the age of 18, and not meeting the intended theme; ultimately, we selected for the review a total of 23 studies. Results and Conclusions: The impacts of the various articles are subdivided into three main themes: antisocial and criminal behaviour; sexual Behaviour and intimate partner violence; and attachment, quality of life, and therapeutic alliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is considered the deadliest brain cancer. Conventional therapies are followed by poor patient survival outcomes, so novel and more efficacious therapeutic strategies are imperative to tackle this scourge. Gene therapy has emerged as an exciting and innovative tool in cancer therapy. Its combination with chemotherapy has significantly improved therapeutic outcomes. In line with this, our team has developed temozolomide–transferrin (Tf) peptide (WRAP5)/p53 gene nanometric complexes that were revealed to be biocompatible with non-cancerous cells and in a zebrafish model and were able to efficiently target and internalize into SNB19 and U373 glioma cell lines. The transfection of these cells, mediated by the formulated peptide-drug/gene complexes, resulted in p53 expression. The combined action of the anticancer drug with p53 supplementation in cancer cells enhances cytotoxicity, which was correlated to apoptosis activation through quantification of caspase-3 activity. In addition, increased caspase-9 levels revealed that the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis was implicated. This assumption was further evidenced by the presence, in glioma cells, of Bax protein overexpression—a core regulator of this apoptotic pathway. Our findings demonstrated the great potential of peptide TMZ/p53 co-delivery complexes for cellular transfection, p53 expression, and apoptosis induction, holding promising therapeutic value toward glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is evidence that the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women change during pregnancy. To evaluate the impact of physical activity on the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women with obesity or overweight, a systematic review was performed using six electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane (CENTRAL), ScienceDirect, Scielo, BVS and PEDro). In total, 205 articles were collected, and after screening in accordance with the PRISMA declaration, six randomized clinical trials were selected. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. Physical activity interventions did not demonstrate statistically significant results on the quality of life and mental health of pregnant women with obesity or overweight. The effects of physical activity during pregnancy for women with obesity or overweight are varied due to the diversity of interventions implemented. Nonetheless, a discernible positive association emerges between stringent adherence to the prescribed physical activity regimen and enhanced physical well-being, weight management, and heightened aerobic capacity. In order to ascertain more definitive conclusions, rigorous clinical trials are needed that take into account the heterogeneity of interventions and ensure adequate adherence to the protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: A properly functioning musculoskeletal system is imperative for human well-being at every stage of life, including at an older age. This study's aim was to assess the relationship between sociodemographic and physical functioning variables and the presence of individual musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), MSD comorbidity, and multimorbidity, as well as to determine factors that are independent predictors of the presence of MSDs in people over 65 years old. Methods: This population-based study included 3701 participants aged 65 years and older. Data on individual MSDs addressed cervical and lumbosacral spine regions and degenerative joint disease (arthrosis). The subjects were categorized into four groups: those without any diseases; those with one MSD; those with two MSDs (comorbidities); and those with three MSDs (multimorbidities). The sociodemographic and physical functioning variables were analyzed. Results: Females were more likely to have MSDs (two: OR 1.95 and three: OR 2.25) than men. Elderly people aged 75 and above were 1.49 times more likely to have three MSDs. Elderly people with elementary school education were more likely to have MSDs (two: OR 1.34 and three: OR 2.06) than those with high school/university education. The low-income population was 2.47 times more likely to have three MSDs. Individuals with partial activity limitations because of health problems had greater chances of having one, two, or three MSDs (OR 1.60, 1.59, and 1.94, respectively), and elderly individuals with severe limitations had an OR of 1.43, 2.17, and 4.12, respectively. Individuals with some/many difficulties in walking up or down 12 steps were more likely to have MSDs (two: OR 2.26 and three: OR 2.28). Conclusions: The significant predictors of experiencing a single MSD, MSD comorbidity, or MSD multimorbidity include residing in the Serbian capital city and having limitations in activities due to health problems. A significant predictor of having a single MSD or MSD comorbidity is residing in the northern region of Serbia. A significant predictor of MSD comorbidity is residing in the southeastern region of Serbia. Significant predictors of MSD comorbidity or MSD multimorbidity include female gender, an elementary school educational level, and experiencing difficulty in walking up or down 12 steps. Significant predictors of MSD multimorbidity are being 75 years of age and above and having a lower income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankle fractures can lead to issues such as limited dorsiflexion, strength deficits, swelling, stiffness, balance disorders, and functional limitations, which complicate daily activities. This study aimed to describe neuromuscular adaptations at 6 and 12 months post-surgery during static and dynamic balance tasks, specifically using the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Additionally, the relationship between neuromuscular patterns, balance, and musculoskeletal deficits was evaluated. In 21 participants (14 at 6 months and 21 at 12 months) with bimalleolar fractures, hip strength, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle functionality, and static and dynamic balance were assessed using electromyography of five lower limb muscles (tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius). A significant interaction effect (limb × proximal [hip]—distal [ankle] muscle) (F = 30.806, p < 0.001) was observed in the anterior direction of the Y-Balance Test (YBTA) at 6 months post-surgery. During the YBTA and YBT posteromedial (YBTPM), it was found that a lower dorsiflexion range of movement was associated specifically at 6 months with greater activation of the lateral gastrocnemius. However, these differences tended to diminish by 12 months. These findings suggest that neuromuscular patterns differ between operated and non-operated limbs during the YBTA at 6 months post-surgery. The Y-Balance Test, particularly its anterior direction, effectively highlighted these neuromuscular changes. This is a preliminary study; further research is needed to explore these findings in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a valuable biopolymer that is produced in industrial quantity but is not widely used in applications due to some drawbacks. The addition of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) as a biofiller in PHB/CNF nanocomposites may improve PHB properties and enlarge its application field. In this work, n-octyltriethoxy silane (OTES), a medium-chain-length alkyl silane, was used to surface chemically modify the CNF (CNF_OTES) to enhance their hydrophobicity and improve their compatibility with PHB. The surface functionalization of CNF and nanodimension were emphasized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and water contact angle (CA). Surface modification of CNF with OTES led to an increase in thermal stability by 25 °C and more than the doubling of CA. As a result of the higher surface hydrophobicity, the CNF_OTES were more homogeneously dispersed in PHB than unmodified CNF, leading to a PHB nanocomposite with better thermal and mechanical properties. Thus, an increase by 122% of the storage modulus at 25 °C, a slight increase in crystallinity, a better melting processability, and good thermal stability were obtained after reinforcing PHB with CNF_OTES, paving the way for increasing PHB applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel photocatalysts were synthesized through the association of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with commercial (P25) titanium dioxide (TiO2) by sonication. The resulting TiO2/CQDs composite was then incorporated into the polyamide 66 (PA66) biopolymer nanofibers using the electrospinning technique, considering a composite nanoparticles-to-polymer ratio of 1:2 in the electrospinning precursor solution. The produced nanofibers presented suitable morphology and were tested for the photocatalytic degradation under simulated solar radiation of 10 mg L−1 of amoxicillin (AMX) and sulfadiazine (SDZ), in phosphate buffer solution (pH 8.06) and river water, using 1.5 g L−1 of photocatalyst. The presence of the photocatalyst increased the removal of AMX in phosphate buffer solution by 30 times, reducing the AMX degradation half-life time from 62 ± 1 h (without catalyst) to 1.98 ± 0.06 h. Moreover, SDZ degradation half-life time in phosphate buffer solution was reduced from 5.4 ± 0.1 h (without catalyst) to 1.87 ± 0.05 h in the presence of the photocatalyst. Furthermore, the PA66/TiO2/CQDs were also efficient in river water samples and maintained their performance in at least three cycles of SDZ photodegradation in river water. The presented results evidence that the produced photocatalyst can be a promising and sustainable solution for antibiotics' efficient removal from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-energy ball milling process was applied to fabricate a composite material from 7075 aluminium alloy milling chips, silicon carbide, and titanium dioxide powders. Raw materials were ground, and the obtained powders were cold pressed and sintered. It was demonstrated that this method can be used in the recycling of aluminium alloy scrap characterised by a high surface-to-volume ratio, and also that chemical removal of the oxide layer from chips is not necessary. The finest particles, with 50 vol.% of their population below 36 μm, were obtained after grinding for 60 min at a 1000 rpm rotational speed. Such an intensive grinding was necessary to fabricate the compact composite material with a homogeneous microstructure and a low porosity of 0.7%. The corrosion resistance of the composites was studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and corrosion rates in the range of ca. 342 and 3 μA∙cm−2 were obtained. The corrosion mechanism includes aluminium alloy dissolution at the matrix/reinforcement interphase and around intermetallic particles localised within the matrix grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural networks (NNs) have proven their ability to deal with many computer vision tasks, including image-based remote sensing such as the identification and segmentation of hyperspectral images captured by satellites. Often, NNs run on a ground system upon receiving the data from the satellite. On the one hand, this approach introduces a considerable latency due to the time needed to transmit the satellite-borne images to the ground station. On the other hand, it allows the employment of computationally intensive NNs to analyze the received data. Low-budget missions, e.g., CubeSat missions, have computation capability and power consumption requirements that may prevent the deployment of complex NNs onboard satellites. These factors represent a limitation for applications that may benefit from a low-latency response, e.g., wildfire detection, oil spill identification, etc. To address this problem, in the last few years, some missions have started adopting NN accelerators to reduce the power consumption and the inference time of NNs deployed onboard satellites. Additionally, the harsh space environment, including radiation, poses significant challenges to the reliability and longevity of onboard hardware. In this review, we will show which hardware accelerators, both from industry and academia, have been found suitable for onboard NN acceleration and the main software techniques aimed at reducing the computational requirements of NNs when addressing low-power scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant attention to the respiratory system, with much focus on lung-related disorders. However, the diaphragm, a crucial component of respiratory physiology, has not been adequately studied, especially in the context of long COVID. This review explores the multipotential role of the diaphragm in both respiratory health and disease, emphasizing its involvement in long-term complications following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diaphragm's fundamental role in respiratory physiology and its impact on balance and posture control, breathing patterns, and autonomic nervous system regulation are discussed. This review examines complications arising from COVID-19, highlighting the diaphragm's involvement in neurological, musculoskeletal, and inflammatory responses. Particular attention is given to the neuroinvasive impact of SARS-CoV-2, the inflammatory response, and the direct viral effects on the diaphragm. The diaphragm's role in long COVID is explored, with a focus on specific symptoms such as voice disorders, pelvic floor dysfunction, and sleep disturbances. Diagnostic challenges, current methods for assessing diaphragmatic dysfunction, and the complexities of differentiating it from other conditions are also explored. This article is the first to comprehensively address diaphragmatic dysfunction resulting from COVID-19 and long COVID across various physiological and pathological aspects, offering a new perspective on its diagnosis and treatment within a multisystem context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on searching for more effective nanomaterials for environmental remediation and health protection; thus, coliform bacteria, yeast and the organic food dye sunset yellow were selected as target pollutants to be eliminated under solar light by Ag/Cr-TiO2 and Pd/Cr-TiO2. Firstly, Cr3+ was in situ incorporated into the anatase crystalline lattice by the sol-gel method; then, Ag or Pd nanoparticles were deposited on Cr-TiO2 by chemical photoreduction. The scientific challenge addressed by the development of these composites was to analyse the recovery of Cr, to be employed in photocatalyst formulation and the enhancement of the TiO2 photocatalytic activity by addition of other noble metals. By extensive characterization, it was found that after TiO2 doping with chromium, the parameters of the crystal lattice slightly increased, due to the incorporation of Cr ions into the lattice. The TiO2 band gap decreased after Cr addition, but an increase in the optical absorptions towards the visible region after noble metals deposition was also observed, which was dependent of the Ag or Pd loading. Generally, it was observed that the noble metals type is a factor that strongly influenced the effectiveness of the photocatalysts concerning each substrate studied. Thus, by using Ag(0.1%)/Cr-TiO2, the complete elimination of E. coli from samples of water coming from a highly polluted river was achieved. Pd(0.5%)/Cr-TiO2 showed the highest efficiency in the elimination of S. cerevisiae from a lab prepared strain. On the other hand, the Pd(0.1%)/Cr-TiO2 sample shows the highest dye degradation rate, achieving 92% of TOC removal after 180 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although risk factors associated with maternal postpartum depression (PPD) have been recognized, it is still unknown how some newborn characteristics could influence the appearance of PPD. Aim: Our research aimed to unravel the impact of a newborn's features on women with PPD. Methods: The study was conducted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at our University Emergency County Hospital, between August 2019 and April 2021. We included 904 women from the second day of the postpartum period, divided into two groups: women with PPD (n = 236) and control (i.e., women without PPD, n = 668), by using the Edinburg Postpartum Depression Scale. Characteristic information on the newborns (i.e., the months in which they were born, premature delivery, birth weight, or sex) was evaluated. Results: Our results suggest that the winter season (i.e., December and January months, p = 0.01) births and male newborns (p = 0.02) were strongly related with the appearance of depressive symptoms during the postpartum period. Conclusions: Therefore, our study sustains that women who give birth to male newborns in the winter season are more prone to developing PPD. This should be analyzed by all public health care systems in order to prevent such a condition earlier in certain groups of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appendiceal mucocele is a rare entity first described by Carl von Rokitansky, characterized by cystic dilatation of the appendiceal lumen due to obstruction, epithelial proliferation or inflammation and accumulation of mucoid material. The cause can be either neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Patients with appendiceal mucocele can be asymptomatic or present with right lower quadrant pain which may mimic acute appendicitis. We present the case of a 68-year-old male, who presented to the Emergency Room with a two-day history of right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Abdominal examination revealed tenderness over the Mc Burney point with localized guarding and laboratory results showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia. The abdominal computed tomography revealed a cystic dilated appendix, with a length of 130 mm and a diameter of 75 mm, situated ascending retrocecal and associating peri-appendicular inflammatory changes. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy with side-to-side ileo-colonic anastomosis, due to a wide intraluminal communication between the appendix and the cecum and the inflammation of both structures. Histopathological examination showed both high-grade and low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bayés syndrome is a recently identified condition that is defined by the presence of an interatrial block on a surface electrocardiogram, in addition to atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, or left atrial flutter. This syndrome is linked to an increased risk of stroke, morbidity, and mortality. An interatrial block is a conduction delay between the right atrium and left atrium and can be recognized by a P wave duration >120 ms. It is known that P wave duration can estimate the size of the left atrium measured via echocardiography, which is a marker for stratifying cardiovascular risk. Our study aims to verify whether the duration of the P wave can estimate the volume of the left atrium measured by computed tomography in patients with an interatrial block. Methods: We included 105 patients with a sinus rhythm and a partial or advanced interatrial block (IAB) who underwent contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CT). The mean age was 62.2 ± 10.1 years, and 38% of the patients were women. Results: The mean P wave duration was 122.6 ± 11.4 ms in the partial IAB group and 150 ± 8.4 ms in the advanced IAB group (p < 0.01). The mean left atrial volume was 115 ± 39 mL in the partial IAB group and 142 ± 34 mL in the advanced IAB group (p = 0.001). P wave duration was longer in patients with an advanced as opposed to partial interatrial block. Left atrial volume and LAVI were higher in patients with an advanced as opposed to partial interatrial block. Conclusions: All the patients (100%) with an advanced IAB had a dilated left atrium. P wave duration can accurately estimate LA volume in patients with an IAB using the formula: LA volume = 0.6 × P wave + 46 mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the clinical characteristics and differences between primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) and secondary Sjögren's Syndrome (sSS) in a cohort of 50 patients. Methods: Conducted across two academic facilities in North-East Romania, the study emphasizes the importance of glandular and extraglandular manifestations, focusing on salivary flow rates, pH levels, and buffer capacity. Patients were diagnosed using the 2016 ACR-EULAR classification criteria, with a detailed examination including salivary tests, biopsies, and antibody presence. Results: The findings highlight significant differences between pSS and sSS, particularly in salivary function, with pSS patients exhibiting more severe glandular dysfunction. The study also notes a higher prevalence of inflammatory joint involvement in sSS patients, often associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Statistical analysis revealed correlations between salivary parameters and disease progression, underscoring the necessity of tailored treatment strategies. The research suggests that lower salivary flow rates and altered pH levels in pSS patients contribute to compromised oral health, including increased dental cavities and periodontal disease. Conclusions: The study's results contribute to a deeper understanding of Sjögren's Syndrome and reinforce the need for multidisciplinary management to address both systemic and oral health complications in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many companies are using smart packaging to provide consumers with more information about their products. The goal of our case study is to access the Near Field Communication (NFC) tag knowledge, as well as getting insights into tag positioning in food package design for better visibility in order to develop some guidelines for future tag implementations. A preliminary survey of professionals provided an overview of NFC tag usage, followed by an online survey that assessed knowledge and visibility of tag placements. These findings were further discussed in focus groups and measured using eye-tracking technology. For placement visibility assessments, well-known and fictitious packaging designs of milk were used. The results show that, due to the NFC tag's low market penetration, consumer recognition is low, with only generations Y and Z being familiar with the NFC tag. Knowledge of the NFC tag does not significantly vary based on education level. When considering the use of NFC tags, it is crucial to define and understand the target market. If the target is younger generations, the potential to increase engagement with the product can be achieved. Additionally, to boost consumer interaction, NFC tags or other smart elements should include an activation prompt, positioned on the central right section of the packaging and distinguished by a distinct color. The influence of the design on tag visibility is essential to ensure its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topical therapy with rifampicin (RF)-based formulations is beneficial for treating postoperative wound infections and to accelerate healing. Despite recent research highlighting the antibiotic's significant anti-inflammatory properties, limited topical wound healing products are currently available. The present study aimed to prove that the newly synthesized nanoparticles based on grafted alginate and poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (pNVCL) and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) contribute to the healing process of a wound. The methods used were at first the synthesis of the copolymer of alginate and pNVCL via grafting from technique and radical polymerization followed by water-in-oil-in water (W/O/W) emulsification; as oil phase PLGA dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM) was used. The formed nanoparticles were than characterized. The loaded RF was determined to be 160 µg/mL for a 20 mg formulation and within a four-hour time frame approximately 10% of the total loaded amount was released. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 192.1 µg/mL for the nanoparticle, 208.8 µg/mL for pure rifampicin, and 718.1 µg/mL for the rifampicin-loaded nanoparticles. Considering the double role rifampicin was used for, the result was considered satisfactory in the way that these formulations could be used predominantly for postoperative wound irrigation in order to avoid infections and to improve healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The impact of daily variations in habitual maternal intake on human milk (HM) composition has been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the associations between day-to-day fluctuation in the micronutrient concentration in HM and daily maternal diet. Methods: To this end, an observational longitudinal study was carried out. A total of 143 lactating women each compiled a five-day weighed dietary record and concomitantly expressed milk for four successive days. Maternal daily intakes of micronutrients and food groups were analyzed. Free thiamine, free riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids, retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, cholecalciferol, and calcidiol in HM were determined for each of the four investigated days. A longitudinal data analysis with generalized estimating equation models was performed. Results: For each daily serving of meat, fish, and eggs, total vitamin D3 levels increased by 243.2 pg/mL (p = 0.027) and selenium levels increased by 0.16 ppb (p = 0.031) in HM. For every 1 mg/day of riboflavin supplementation, free riboflavin levels in HM increased by 28.6 mcg/L (p = 0.019). Pyridoxal levels in HM increased by 6.3 mcg/L per 1 mg/day of vitamin B6 supplementation (p = 0.001), and by 2 mcg/L per daily fruit ration (p = 0.016). Conclusions: In conclusion, we were able to quantify the impact of the usual day-to-day variations in the diet and in the intake of commonly used supplements on the fluctuation of vitamin D, free riboflavin, pyridoxal, and selenium concentration in the milk of lactating women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business enterprises are required to adopt new economic models and business strategies in line with global trends such as the green agenda, the shortening of innovation cycles, digitalization (networking platforms) and socio-economic security. The models of network integrations (clusters, industrial symbioses, innovation ecosystems, etc.) are developing faster than other business models. Networking allows businesses to synergetically, based on the principles of collaboration, trust and self-organization, increase intellectual, innovative, social, and environmental values, which leads to economic growth and sustainable development. Through networking integration, the business performance of all participants in multi-company projects can be improved, regardless of their size and activities. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological framework for assessing the synergistic effect and the level of collaborative maturity of participants in network industrial integration. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of network business integration efficiency. The authors' methodology is based on the AHP hierarchy method, expert evaluation and Harrington's level of desirability. The methodology is validated on Russian industrial integrations: industrial cluster of Nizhny Novgorod region; pipeline valve manufacturing cluster; South Ural industrial cluster producing spare parts and assembly units for roadbuilding, construction and agricultural vehicles. The results show that the level of collaborative maturity of business partners and the synergies from network integration effect the sustainability of business development. Recommendations for businesses are provided to improve their network integration and collaborative maturity. Furthermore, the findings allow the authors to define directions for further research, considering the interests of the business community, regional authorities, and financial institutions, and provide a framework for researchers to investigate the link between industrial network integration and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is recommended over systematic lymphadenectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer due to its lower morbidity and comparable detection rate. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with unsuccessful mapping. We conducted a prospective, single-institution study of 120 participants with early-stage uterine cancer. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were performed to identify predictors of unsuccessful mapping. Advanced age, tracer type, and intraoperative detection of enlarged lymph nodes were identified as independent risk factors for unsuccessful mapping in patients undergoing laparoscopic SLN mapping. These factors should be carefully considered during surgical planning and discussions prior to treatment. Additionally, the exploration of relationships between mapping failure and factors such as tumor distance to the serosa, uterine volume, and molecular tumor types, represents a promising area for future research that could complement our findings. Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is recommended over systematic lymphadenectomy in early-stage endometrial cancer due to its lower morbidity and comparable detection rate. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with unsuccessful mapping. Methods: Between April 2020 and June 2024, 120 patients over the age of 18 and diagnosed with early-stage endometrial cancer were enrolled in this prospective study at a single institution. Demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were performed to identify predictors of failed mapping. Results: The mean age of the patient cohort was 62.5 years (range 33 to 83), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32 kg/m2 (range 18 to 50). Patients underwent intracervical injections with methylene blue (MB), indocyanine green (ICG), or a combination of both tracers, with 40 patients in each group. A total of 108 patients (90.0%) were diagnosed with endometrioid carcinoma and 12 (10.0%) with non-endometrioid cancers. Additionally, 110 patients (91.7%) were diagnosed in early stages of the disease. The overall SLN detection rate was 73.4%, with bilateral detection at 49.2% and unilateral detection at 24.2%. Univariate analysis showed that older age (p < 0.001), menopause (p = 0.001), the use of MB as the sole tracer (p = 0.006), a shorter tumor-to-serosa distance (p = 0.048), and bulky lymph nodes (p = 0.18) were associated with unsuccessful mapping. Multiple linear regression model analysis identified age (p = 0.007), tracer type (p = 0.013), and enlarged lymph nodes (p = 0.013) as independent predictors of SLN mapping failure. Conclusions: Advanced age, tracer type, and intraoperative detection of enlarged lymph nodes were identified as independent risk factors for unsuccessful mapping in patients undergoing laparoscopic SLN mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) have changed how we treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a B cell malignancy. These inhibitors are known for blocking signals in B cells that help cancers derived from these immune cells grow, but they also have important effects on the non-malignant immune system. This work explains how BTK inhibitors influence different components of the immune system, such as B cells, T cells, and macrophages. It also reviews their impact on the generation of immune-signaling molecules or their effect on the tumor microenvironment. We also explored how these effects might be useful in treating autoimmune diseases and infections. By understanding how BTK inhibitors can impact cancer cells and the immune system, this paper highlights the potential for these drugs to be used in a wider range of medical conditions. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, plays a pivotal role in B cell biology and function. As an essential component of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, BTK is expressed not only in B cells but also in myeloid cells, including monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and mast cells. BTK inhibitors (BTKis) have revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and other B cell malignancies. Besides their well-characterized role in inhibiting BCR signaling, BTKis also exert significant immunological influences outside the tumor cell that extend their therapeutic potential and impact on the immune system in different ways. This work elucidates the immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with BTK inhibition, focusing on CLL and other clinical contexts. We discuss how BTK inhibition affects various immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages. The effects of BTKis on the profiles of cytokines, also fundamental parts of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are summarized here as well. This review also appraises the implications of these immunomodulatory actions in the management of autoimmune diseases and infections. Summarizing the dual role of BTK inhibition in modulating malignant lymphocyte and immune cell functions, this paper highlights the broader potential clinical use of compounds targeting BTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is the leading cause of premature kidney transplant failure. The role of alloantibodies against Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) has been a primary focus in AMR. More recently autoantibodies and alloantibodies against the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) have been linked to poor allograft outcomes in kidney transplantation. Nevertheless, evidence supporting routine testing remains insufficient. ELISA testing for anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies was performed in a pediatric renal transplant cohort. We selected 12 pediatric recipients who had undergone protocol biopsies and antibody measurements at 6 and 24 months post-transplant. Immunohistochemistry was performed on biopsies for AT1R and ETAR as well as the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. The analysis showed that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was significantly increased, along with the presence of circulating antibodies, in patients at 24 months post-transplant compared to patients without circulating antibodies. The presence of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies does not seem to influence the expression of their receptors in the transplanted organ. Instead, the increase in adhesion molecules may precede the development of histological damage. Therefore, enlarging the cohort and extending long-term observation would help to understand the impact of anti-AT1R and anti-ETAR antibodies after transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have discovered that aryl-substituted pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolines have the potential to be highly active DPP IV inhibitors. In previous studies, we reported a novel synthetic approach for the construction of their sulfur-containing bioisosteric [1,4]thiazino[3,4-a]isoquinolines analogues, incorporating an additional aryl substituent. The present study aims to investigate the DPP IV inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules by in vitro assay. The geometry optimization and molecular docking of the synthesized compounds were used to determine their binding modes to the active site of DPP IV. The docking analysis revealed that the energy-minimized poses of the studied compounds are close to the most important selectivity cliffs for DPP IV inhibition, forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with them. These results can be considered as a preliminary step towards further structural activity modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental concerns have consistently been a focal point for the scientific community. Pollution is a critical ecological issue that poses significant threats to human health and agricultural production. Contamination with heavy metals and pesticides is a considerable concern, a threat to the environment, and warrants special attention. In this study, we investigated the significant issues arising from sub-chronic exposure to imidacloprid (IMI), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), either alone or in combination, using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. Additionally, we assessed the potential protective effects of polyfloral honey enriched with natural ingredients, also called honey formulation (HF), against the combined sub-chronic toxic effects of the three contaminants. The effects of IMI (0.5 mg·L−1), Hg (15 μg·L−1), and Cd (5 μg·L−1), both individually and in combination with HF (500 mg·L−1), on zebrafish were evaluated by quantifying acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lipid peroxidation (MDA), various antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (SOD and GPx), 2D locomotor activity, social behavior, histological and immunohistochemical factors, and changes in body element concentrations. Our findings revealed that all concentrations of pollutants may disrupt social behavior, diminish swimming performances (measured by total distance traveled, inactivity, and swimming speed), and elevate oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers of SOD, GPx, and MDA in zebrafish over the 21-day administration period. Fish exposed to IMI and Hg + Cd + IMI displayed severe lesions and increased GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein) and S100B (S100 calcium-binding protein B) protein expression in the optic tectum and cerebellum, conclusively indicating astrocyte activation and neurotoxic effects. Furthermore, PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen) staining revealed reduced cell proliferation in the IMI-exposed group, contrasting with intensified proliferation in the Hg + Cd group. The nervous system exhibited significant damage across all studied concentrations, confirming the observed behavioral changes. Moreover, HF supplementation significantly mitigated the toxicity induced by contaminants and reduced OS. Therefore, the exposure to chemical mixtures offers a more complete picture of adverse impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the supplementation with bioactive compounds can help to reduce the toxicity induced by exposure to environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, natural polymers have attracted great interest for the development of release systems for vaccine formulations and drug delivery. Zein, a hydrophobic proline-rich protein mixture obtained from maize, is one of the most widely used polymers, very promising for applications in tissue engineering and the parenteral delivery of bioactive agents. Still, we have a limited understanding of the interaction between zein particles and the human immune system, in particular innate immunity/inflammation, which is the first line of defense of our body. Assessing the immune safety of nanoparticles is of central importance for ensuring that nano-formulations for medical use do not cause adverse effects on human health. Here, we evaluated the capacity of zein nanoparticles to induce/modulate the innate/inflammatory response, the development of innate memory, and the macrophage polarization by using reliable in vitro systems based on human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. We observed that zein nanoparticles do not influence any of these aspects of the innate immune/inflammatory response, suggesting its safety and its potential efficiency as a nanocarrier for drug or antigen delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome chondrosarcoma's (CHS) high chemo- and radioresistance, we used polyethylene glycol-encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for the controlled delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (IONPDOX) to amplify the cytotoxicity of proton radiation therapy. Human 2D CHS SW1353 cells were treated with protons (linear energy transfer (LET): 1.6 and 12.6 keV/µm) with and without IONPDOX. Cell survival was assayed using a clonogenic test, and genotoxicity was tested through the formation of micronuclei (MN) and γH2AX foci, respectively. Morphology together with spectral fingerprints of nuclei were measured using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDFM) assembled with a hyperspectral imaging (HI) module and an axial scanning fluorescence module, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). Cell survival was also determined in 3D SW3153 spheroids following treatment with low-LET protons with/without the IONPDOX compound. IONPDOX increased radiosensitivity following proton irradiation at both LETs in correlation with DNA damage expressed as MN or γH2AX. The IONPDOX–low-LET proton combination caused a more lethal effect compared to IONPDOX–high-LET protons. CHS cell biological alterations were reflected by the modifications in the hyperspectral images and spectral profiles, emphasizing new possible spectroscopic markers of cancer therapy effects. Our findings show that the proposed treatment combination has the potential to improve the management of CHS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee pollen is recognized as a superfood due to its high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, its bioavailability is restricted by a degradation-resistant outer layer known as exine. Physical and biotechnological techniques have recently been developed to degrade this layer and improve pollen's nutritional and functional profile. This review examines how processing methods such as fermentation, enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound, and drying affect pollen's chemical profile, nutrient content, and bioactive compounds. The review also considers changes in exine structure and possible synergistic effects between these methods. In addition, the challenges associated with the commercialization of processed bee pollen are examined, including issues such as product standardization, stability during storage, and market acceptance. The objective was to provide an understanding of the efficacy of these techniques, their physicochemical conditions, and their effect on the nutritional value of the pollen. The work also analyzes whether pollen transformation is necessary to maximize its benefits and offers conclusions based on the analysis of available methods, helping to determine whether pollen transformation is a valid strategy for inclusion in functional foods and its impact on consumer health. Although the literature reports that pollen transformation influences its final quality, further studies are needed to demonstrate the need for pollen exine modification, which could lead to greater market availability of pollen-based products with functional properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and free market dynamics have significantly impacted state economies, particularly in the wine industry. These forces have introduced greater diversity in wine products but have also heightened the risk of food fraud, especially in high-value commodities like wine. Due to its market value and the premium placed on quality, wine is frequently subject to adulteration. This issue is often addressed through regulatory trademarks on wine labels, such as Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographic Indication (PGI). In this context, the metabolic profiles (organic acids, carbohydrates, and phenols) and stable isotope signatures (δ13C, δ18O, D/HI, and D/HII) of red and white wines from four agroclimatically similar regions were examined. The study explored how factors such as grape variety, harvest year, and geographical origin affect wine composition, with a particular focus on distinguishing samples from cross-border areas. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to assess the variability in wine composition and to identify distinct groups of samples. Preliminary results revealed that organic acids and volatile compounds were found in lower concentrations than carbohydrates but were significantly higher than phenols, with levels ranging between 1617 mg/L and 6258 mg/L. Carbohydrate content in the wines varied from 8285 mg/L to 14662 mg/L. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated certain separation trends based on the variance in carbohydrates (e.g., fructose, glucose, galactose) and isotopic composition. However, Discriminant Analysis (DA) provided clear distinctions based on harvest year, variety, and geographical origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]