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A 700 V pulsed laser was used for the surface treatment of Zircaloy-4. Phases including the treatment layer, morphology and the distributions of alloying elements of the treatment layer were detected via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the laser surface treatment (LST) layer is also α-Zr phase layer, the morphology of the treatment layer was "cauliflower-like" and the Fe-Cr precipitates in the LST layer were dissolved. The corrosion tests of the LST and the no-laser surface treatment (NLST) specimens were conducted in steam at 1100 °C using TGA (NETZSCH STA 449 F). The results showed that LST can enhance the corrosion resistance of the Zircaloy-4 in high-temperature steam. More microcracks distributed in the oxide film formed on the NLST specimen than on the LST specimen. And the volume fraction of the tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase in the oxide film on the surface of the LST specimen was higher than that of NLST specimen. The main reason for this phenomena could be attributed to the dissolving Fe-Cr precipitates and higher solid solution of Fe and Cr in the laser treatment layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are a superfamily of RNA-binding proteins consisting of more than 20 members. These proteins play a crucial role in various biological processes by regulating RNA splicing, transcription, and translation through their binding to RNA. In the context of muscle development and regeneration, hnRNPs are involved in a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, including alternative splicing, transcription regulation, miRNA regulation, and mRNA stability regulation. Recent studies have also suggested a potential association between hnRNPs and muscle-related diseases. In this report, we provide an overview of our current understanding of how hnRNPs regulate RNA metabolism and emphasize the significance of the key members of the hnRNP family in muscle development. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between the hnRNP family and muscle-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The full-concentrationgradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CG-LNCM), consisting of core Ni-rich LiNi0.93Co0.07O2, transition zone LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, and outmost shell LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was prepared by a facile co-precipitation method and high-temperature calcination. CG-LNCM was then investigated with an X-ray diffractometer, ascanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical measurements. The results demonstrate that CG-LNCM has a lower cation mixing of Li+ and Ni2+ and larger Li+ diffusion coefficients than concentration-constant LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2 (CC-LNCM). CG-LNCM presents a higher capacity and a better rate of capability and cyclability than CC-LNCM. CG-LNCM and CC-LNCM show initial discharge capacities of 221.2 and 212.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2C (40 mA g−1) with corresponding residual discharge capacities of 177.3 and 156.1 mAh g−1 after 80 cycles, respectively. Even at high current rates of 2C and 5C, CG-LNCM exhibits high discharge capacities of 165.1 and 149.1 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, respectively, while the residual discharge capacities of CC-LNCM are as low as 148.8 and 117.9 mAh g−1 at 2C and 5C after 100 cycles, respectively. The significantly improved electrochemical performance of CG-LNCM is attributed to its concentration-gradient microstructure and the composition distribution of concentration-gradient LiNi0.9Co0.083Mn0.017O2. The special concentration-gradient design and the facile synthesis are favorable for massive manufacturing of high-performance Ni-rich ternary cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) can proliferate, differentiate, and self-renew, and can also participate in muscle formation and muscle injury repair. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role with the RNA binding protein and microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate the myogenesis of bovine MuSCs, however, its molecular mechanism is still being explored. In this study, differentially expressed 301 lncRNAs were identified during the myogenic differentiation of cells based on an in vitro model of induced differentiation of bovine MuSCs using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Based on the ability of miR-206 to regulate myogenic cell differentiation, a new kind of lncRNA-lncA2B1 without protein-coding ability was found, which is expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Subsequently, lncA2B1 inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of the proliferation marker Pax7 and promoted myogenic differentiation by upregulating the expression of the differentiation marker MyHC, whose regulatory function is closely related to miR-206. By RNA pulldown/LC-MS experiments, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), and DExH-Box Helicase 9 (DHX9) were identified as common binding proteins of lncA2B1 and miR-206. Overexpression of lncA2B1 and miR-206 significantly upregulated the expression level of HNRNPA2B1. Downregulation of HNRNPA2B1 expression significantly decreased the expression level of the differentiation marker MyHC, which indicates that miR-206 and lncA2B1 regulate myogenic differentiation of bovine MuSCs by acting on HNRNPA2B1. This study screened and identified a novel lncRNA-lncA2B1, which functions with miR-206 to regulate myogenesis via the common binding proteins HNRNPA2B1. The results of this study provide a new way to explore the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate muscle growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in oil are affected by many factors, including temperature, time, and PAHs precursors. Phenolic compounds, as beneficial endogenous components of oil, are often associated with the inhibition of PAHs. However, studies have found that the presence of phenols may lead to increased levels of PAHs. Therefore, this study took Camellia oleifera (C. oleifera) oil as the research object, in order to study the effect of catechin in the formation of PAHs under different heating conditions. The results showed that PAH4 were generated rapidly during the lipid oxidation induction period. When the addition of catechin was >0.02%, more free radicals were quenched than generated, thus inhibiting the generation of PAH4. ESR, FT-IR, and other technologies were employed to prove that when the catechin addition was <0.02%, more free radicals were produced than quenched, causing lipid damage and increasing PAHs intermediates. Moreover, the catechin itself would break and polymerize to form aromatic ring compounds, ultimately leading to the conclusion that phenolic compounds in oil may be involved in the formation of PAHs. This provides suggestions for the flexible processing of phenol-rich oil to balance the retention of beneficial substances, and for the safe control of hazardous substances in real-life applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and plays an important role in muscle development. Fluctuations in gene expression influenced by DNA methylation are critical for homeostatic responses in muscle. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this fluctuation regulation and myogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle. Here we report a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation dynamics in bovine skeletal muscle myogenesis after myostatin editing. We show that, after myostatin editing, an increase in TETs (DNA demethylases) and a concomitant increase in the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) control the myogenic development of skeletal muscle. Interestingly, enhancement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by RACK1 appears to be an essential driver of myogenic differentiation, as it was associated with an increase in myogenic differentiation marker factors (MyHC and MyoG) during muscle differentiation. Overall, our results suggest that loss of myostatin promotes the myogenic differentiation response in skeletal muscle by decreasing DNA methylation of RACK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myoblast differentiation is essential for the formation of skeletal muscle myofibers. Profilin1 (Pfn1) has been identified as an actin-associated protein, and has been shown to be critically important to cellular function. Our previous study found that PFN1 may inhibit the differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we confirmed that PFN1 negatively regulated the myogenic differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells. Immunoprecipitation assay combined with mass spectrometry showed that Cdc42 was a binding protein of PFN1. Cdc42 could be activated by PFN1 and could inhibit the myogenic differentiation like PFN1. Mechanistically, activated Cdc42 increased the phosphorylation level of p2l-activated kinase (PAK), which further activated the phosphorylation activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), whereas PAK and JNK are inhibitors of myogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results reveal that PFN1 is a repressor of bovine myogenic differentiation, and provide the regulatory mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodiola species have a long history of use in traditional medicine in Asian and European countries and have been considered to possess resistance to the challenges presented by extreme altitudes. However, the influence of different Rhodiola species on quality is unclear, as well as the influence of altitude on phytochemicals. In this study, the phenolic components and antioxidant abilities of two major Rhodiola species are compared, namely Rhodiolacrenulata and Rhodiola rosea, and the metabolomes of Rhodiolacrenulata from two representative elevations of 2907 and 5116 m are analyzed using a UPLC-QqQ-MS-based metabolomics approach. The results show that the phenolic components and antioxidant activities of Rhodiolacrenulata are higher than those of Rhodiola rosea, and that these effects in the two species are positively correlated with elevation. Here, 408 metabolites are identified, of which 178 differential metabolites (128 upregulated versus 50 downregulated) and 19 biomarkers are determined in Rhodiola crenulata. Further analysis of these differential metabolites showed a significant upregulation of flavonoids, featuring glucosides, the enhancement of the phenylpropanoid pathway, and the downregulation of hydrolyzed tannins in Rhodiola crenulata as elevation increased. Besides, the amino acids of differential metabolites were all upregulated as the altitude increased. Our results contribute to further exploring the Rhodiola species and providing new insights into the Rhodiola crenulata phytochemical response to elevation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaNd2Ti3O10 has been considered as a promising thermal barrier coating (TBC) candidate material, which reveals many advantages over the widely used TBC material of yttria partially stabilized zirconia, such as lower thermal conductivity, better high-temperature capability, and higher resistance to environmental deposits corrosion. In this study, the hot corrosion behavior of BaNd2Ti3O10 in Na2SO4 + V2O5 molten salt at 900 °C and 1000 °C is investigated. Exposed to the salt for 4 h at 900 °C, BaNd2Ti3O10 pellets had an obvious reaction with the salt, forming corrosion products of NdVO4, TiO2, and BaSO4, and the reaction layer was ~30 μm, beneath which no salt trace could be found. Prolonging the corrosion time to 20 h, the type of the corrosion products had no change. At an elevated corrosion temperature of 1000 °C for 4 h, the corrosion products were still NdVO4, TiO2, and BaSO4, but NdVO4 revealed a significant growth, which fully covered the pellet surface. The mechanisms by which the corrosion reaction between BaNd2Ti3O10 and the molten salt occurred were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have conjugated skeleton and permanent porosity, and exhibit huge potential in developing novel functional materials for resolving the challenging energy and environment issues. Metal-containing CMPs often exhibited unique properties. In the present manuscript, ferrocene-based conjugated microporous polymers (FcCMPs) were designed and synthesized with 1,1′-dibromoferrocene and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4- bromophenyl) porphyrin (FcCMP-1) or Tetra (p-bromophenyl) methane (FcCMP-2) as building units via Yamamoto coupling. FcCMPs were amorphous, and exhibited excellent thermal and physicochemical stability. The BET surface area of FcCMP-1 and FcCMP-2 was 638 m2/g and 422 m2/g, respectively. In comparison with FcCMP-2, FcCMP-1 displayed better gas storage capacity due to higher porosity. FcCMPs were also used as an adsorbent for removal of methyl violet from aqueous solution, and exhibited excellent adsorption properties due to the interaction between electron-rich conjugated structure of the polymers and methyl violet with cationic groups. Moreover, FcCMPs could be extracted and regenerated by an eluent and then re-used for high efficient removal of methyl violet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development and plays an important role in muscle development. Fluctuations in gene expression influenced by DNA methylation are critical for homeostatic responses in muscle. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this fluctuation regulation and myogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle. Here we report a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation dynamics in bovine skeletal muscle myogenesis after myostatin editing. We show that, after myostatin editing, an increase in TETs (DNA demethylases) and a concomitant increase in the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) control the myogenic development of skeletal muscle. Interestingly, enhancement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by RACK1 appears to be an essential driver of myogenic differentiation, as it was associated with an increase in myogenic differentiation marker factors (MyHC and MyoG) during muscle differentiation. Overall, our results suggest that loss of myostatin promotes the myogenic differentiation response in skeletal muscle by decreasing DNA methylation of RACK1.