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As the energy crisis and environmental problems are exacerbated, rural carbon emissions have gradually attracted increasing attention. Meanwhile, rural areas have the important function of ecological carbon sequestration, so the research field of carbon emissions has gradually expanded from urban to rural areas in recent years. To systematically sort out the research progress regarding low-carbon rural areas, a total of 583 papers published during 2013–2023 were acquired through the bibliometric analysis method from the "professional field of science of building technology" in the core database of Web of Science. Then, the research stage, author cooperation, institutional cooperation, national distribution, and keyword co-occurrence of "low-carbon rural areas" were analyzed via data visualization analysis software VOSviewer, and the current hot issues, such as carbon emission calculation list and elements, carbon emission measurement method/model, and energy saving and emission reduction paths, were further summarized and reviewed. The statistical analysis results show that: (1) in most of the current research on rural carbon emissions, geographical characteristics and rural carbon emissions have been rarely analyzed; (2) there is a lack of interdisciplinary research, e.g., less cooperation with geographic information or other disciplines; (3) the differences and characteristics of rural carbon emission factors in different economies and regions have rarely been analyzed. Based on the analysis, this research pointed out that future research can be comprehensively carried out in formulating rural carbon emission inventory, establishing a multi-scale and multi-regional statistical method and so on. This research also provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the existing research on the structure and model of carbon emissions in low-carbon rural areas and also presents the problems that need to be paid attention to in the future research, pointing out the research direction for relevant scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive dual-readout immunosensor for fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of ricin was established, which was combined with a streptavidin–biotin signal amplification system. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with fine fluorescence and ECL properties were used as the dual-signal function probes of the sandwich immunocomplex. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the dual signal intensity increased significantly with the rise in ricin concentration. The fluorescence intensity of the senor exhibited a good liner relationship toward the ricin concentrations with 0.1~100 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 81.7 pg/mL; taking ECL as the detection signal, the sensor showed a linear relationship with the ricin concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL and the LOD was 5.5 pg/mL. The constructed sensor with high sensitivity had been successfully applied to the detection of ricin in complex matrices with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed immunosensor model can be extended to the analysis and detection of others target proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified graphene/muscovite (MGMu) nanocomposite was synthesized with muscovite (Mu) and silane coupling agent modified graphene oxide through a simple hydrothermal method that exhibited excellent dispersion stability in oil. Compared with the base oil sample, the average friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of the MGMu oil sample decreased by 64.4 and 20.0%, respectively, and the microhardness of its wear scar was increased by 16.1%. The MGMu showed better tribological performance than its individual component due to the synergetic effect between the two components. The lubrication mechanism was proposed according to the morphology, chemical composition, and microhardness of the surface of wear scars. MGMu as an oil additive could fill between the friction pairs, cling to some asperities, and occur relative sliding between unit layers, thus playing a role in lubrication. It was found that MGMu would react with the surface of the friction pair during the friction process to generate Fe2O3, SiO2, SiC, and new aluminosilicate, which formed a self-repairing layer with high hardness. This chemically reactive film exhibited a lower shear strength, which made the oil sample containing MGMu have a lower coefficient of friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercetin (QR), abundant in plants, is used to treat colitis and gastric ulcer and is also a promising anticancer agent. To quantificationally detect QR, a sensitive electrochemical sensor was fabricated by palladium nanoparticles loaded on carbon sphere @ molybdenum disulfide nanosheet core-shell composites (Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs). The Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs worked to remedy the shortcomings of MoS2 and exhibited good catalytic activity to QR. The oxidation reaction of QR on Cs@MoS2-Pd NPs/GCE involved two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the molecular surface for electrostatic potential, Laplacian bond order, and Gibbs free energy were computationally simulated to speculate the order and site of the oxidation of QR. The results showed that the 4′ O–H and 3′ O–H broke successively during the oxidation reaction. When the concentration of QR was within 0.5 to 12 μM, the fabricated sensor could achieve linear detection, and the detection limit was 0.02 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor possessed good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, which has a broad prospect in practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the increasing contradiction between the living environment and residential energy consumption in rural areas, it is urgent to alter the traditional living mode and create a new living pattern with a pleasant environment. Based on the theory of ecological footprint, in this article we compare the whole life-cycle ecological footprint between the northern rural house with various energy-saving measures and the urban multi-layer residence with only external wall thermal-insulation as the energy-saving measure. The results show that the sustainability of the multi-layer residence is obviously superior to the rural house. Therefore, rural house designers should learn the multi-layer residential design strategies, construction methods, and operation modes to reduce the unnecessary waste of the energy and resources. Through centralized planning, construction, and heating systems, the multi-level residence is conducive to sustainable human development. The study provides relevant theoretical support for low-carbon house construction in village areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]