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This study develops a new method to evaluate the economic viability of co-generation electric vehicle stations that concurrently generate electricity and hydrogen for charging battery electric vehicles and refueling hydrogen vehicles. The approach uniquely differentiates the costs associated with various energy outputs in co-generation stations and includes often-overlooked peripheral devices critical for accurate evaluation of the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and hydrogen (LCOH). The method was tested across three design configurations: two featuring single storage options (battery and fuel cell, respectively) and a third using hybrid storage employing both. Each configuration was modeled, simulated, and optimized using HOMER Pro 3.14.2 to determine the most optimal sizing solution. Then, based on the optimal sizing of each design, LCOE and LCOH were evaluated using the proposed method in this study. The analysis revealed that excluding often-overlooked peripheral devices could lead to a 27.7% error in LCOH evaluation, while the impact on LCOE was less than 1%. Among different configurations, the design with hybrid storage proved economically superior, achieving a total levelized cost of energy (TLCOE) for the entire system of USD 0.113/kWh, with the LCOE at USD 0.025/kWh and LCOH at USD 0.088/kWh (or USD 3.46/kg). Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method. This study provides a more precise and holistic approach that can be leveraged for the feasibility analysis of electric vehicle stations globally, enhancing strategic decision-making in sustainable energy planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless power and data transmission (WPDT) solutions for medical implants are highly desired. However, achieving a high-power transmission efficiency and data rate simultaneously over an inductive link remains a significant challenge. This paper presents an innovative WPDT circuit that incorporates additional MOSFETs with an inductor in a Class-E power amplifier (PA), achieving amplitude-shift keying (ASK) modulation to address this issue. Firstly, the efficiency of the inductive power transmission link and Class-E PA was analyzed, providing design insights. Then, leveraging the insights, the proposed circuit was designed in such a way that it could effectively switch between two load networks to maintain high transfer efficiency for ASK modulation. Based on the load networks, the relationship between introducing the inductor's value and the data modulation index (MI) was derived to help achieve the desired high-power transmission efficiency. Additionally, the design and calculation of the proposed circuit are also presented. Finally, the proposed circuit was validated through simulations and experiments, demonstrating a power delivery to a load of 84.1 mW with a power transmission efficiency of 70.8% at a data rate and carrier frequency of 3 Mbps and 16 MHz, respectively. Furthermore, the bit error rate (BER) is less than 10−6 with an MI of 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new topology of the dual-armature flux-switching permanent magnet machine (DA-FSPM) leads to new characteristics and issues in the control of the machine, of which the mutual inductance of the two sets of armature windings is the most important one. This paper proposes a novel position–sensorless control method based on high-frequency injection (HFI) for DA-FSPM. The high-frequency model of the machine is derived, and the theory of the position estimation method is proposed. Different from the conventional HFI-based position estimation method, the proposed method utilizes the mutual inductance of the DA-FSPM rather than the machine saliency. Meanwhile, because the extracted position information based on the mutual inductance is more obvious, the proposed method also has better steady and dynamic performance. Then, the position observer based on the phase lock loop and the initial position detection method for the DA-FSPM is proposed. The experiments are executed on a DA-FSPM prototype with three-phase stator windings and five-phase rotor windings to prove the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leakage inductance is one of the key parameters of a transformer, and it is often intentionally integrated into transformers. Rogowski's equation is generally used for leakage inductance calculation; however, it is only applicable to concentric winding transformers where windings have the same height. Consequently, it has limited applications. This paper proposes a transformer leakage inductance calculation method using a double Fourier series. The limitation of Rogowski's leakage inductance equation was analyzed in practical applications, and a new model for calculating the leakage inductance of a double-group-overlapping winding transformer was derived. Experimental prototypes of transformers were developed, and their simulation models were built in Ansys. The correctness of the proposed calculation method for transformer leakage inductance using a double Fourier series was verified by comparing the calculation results with the simulation and measured ones. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted by studying the variations in different parameters that might affect the leakage inductance value. The proposed calculation model gives an intuitive and simple method with less calculation and design effort while maintaining reasonable accuracy for leakage inductance calculation. In addition, the featured double Fourier series approach has a wider range of applications than Rogowski's equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconfigurable modular vehicle group can transform into different configurations according to different requirements to be competent for various tasks and scenarios and to facilitate the utilization of robots in unstructured scenarios. Efficient and effective reconfiguration strategies and path planning are essential for improving the performance of modular vehicle groups. First, a multi-sensing four-wheel-drive Mecanum vehicle was built, which was equipped with UWB positioning (based on wireless carrier communication technology), communication based on ESP8266 modules, ultrasonic ranging and a magnetic structure. Second, concerning the indoor storage environment, a UWB two-way bilateral ranging and positioning system was designed, and the experimental accuracy for positioning could reach ±0.1 m. Third, a path planning strategy based on the improved artificial potential field method was adopted. According to the target configuration as well as the obstacle avoidance requirements, the motion space was converted into a gravitational field and a repulsive force field, and the vector superposition of the gradients was used for the path planning of each vehicle in turn. Depending on the reconfiguration command and the connection matrix, the magnetic structure would strengthen or disconnect the vehicle group configuration. Finally, the vehicle reconfiguration from the stochastic dispersion state to the target configuration and the transition between different configurations were accomplished using the proposed strategy in both simulations and experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-reconfigurable vehicles are able to transform into new formations on the basis of mutual communication and positioning so as to adapt to a new environment and new tasks. Compared with fixed-formation vehicles, reconfigurable vehicles feature multifunction and high reliability. First, a modular vehicle with a Mecanum wheel is designed, and a motion control method of a modular vehicle is derived through the establishment and analysis of its kinematics model. Afterwards, a visual positioning system based on AprilTag is designed, and the reconfiguration experiment of modular vehicles is completed in order to validate the feasibility of the proposed control method. A hardware control platform is built, which is able to realize the omnidirectional movement of the vehicle in the plane. The proposed modular vehicles with the corresponding control method successfully completes centralized perception, trajectory planning, and self-reconfiguration, which can be potentially applied in various scenarios, such as orientation guidance and logistics handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the logistics industry, low-voltage systems, such as intelligent logistics vehicles, have also started to propose application scenarios for wireless power transfer systems. As most logistics vehicles use lithium batteries for energy supply, the wireless charging system has to adapt to the charging characteristic curve of lithium batteries. In this paper, a dual-transmitter single-receiver compound resonant compensation topology with a high voltage ratio is proposed, and a corresponding magnetic coupler is designed and optimized through finite element analysis, which guarantees adaptive output curves according to the working state. A 1 kW experimental platform is established to verify the theoretical analysis, which realizes a high voltage transformation ratio with 90.3% efficiency. Throughout the whole charging process, the output curve agrees with the charging profile of the lithium battery, which can greatly extend the service life of lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the interaction between the energy storage (ES) power distribution and system efficiency enhancement is researched based on the energy stored quasi-Z-source inverter. The corresponding current counteraction, stress reduction, power loss profile, and efficiency enhancement around the embedded energy storage units are studied in details. Firstly, the current counteraction effect on the device current is presented with the embedded ES source. The corresponding reduction in the device current stress is revealed. Then, the detailed device power loss expressions with current redistribution in the impedance network are explored mathematically. A quasi-inverted-trapezoidal power loss profile is found with the embedded source power distribution. To further increase the overall system efficiency, an optimal energy efficiency tracking strategy is proposed for the ES-qZSI (energy-stored quasi-Z-source inverter) based on the power distribution control. Both the simulation and the experiment verified that the power loss is reduced by over 40% through the proposed efficiency enhancement method. The device current and loss analysis for the embedding of energy storage can also be extended to the operating range optimization in other ES systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]