1. Immobilization of Potassium-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst over Alumina Beads and Powder Support in the Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil.
- Author
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Lokman NolHakim, Muhammad Amirrul Hakim, Shohaimi, Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd, Mokhtar, Wan Nur Aini Wan, Ibrahim, Mohd Lokman, and Abdullah, Rose Fadzilah
- Subjects
CATALYSTS ,HETEROGENEOUS catalysts ,TRANSESTERIFICATION ,FATTY acid methyl esters ,POWDERS ,ALUMINUM oxide - Abstract
In this work, the beads and powder potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium carbonate (K
2 CO3 ) supported on alumina oxide (Al2 O3 ) were successfully prepared via incipient wetness impregnation technique. Herein, the perforated hydrophilic materials (PHM) made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as the catalyst reactor bed. The prepared catalysts were investigated using TGA, XRD, BET, SEM-EDX, TPD, FTIR while spent catalysts were analyzed using XRF and ICP-AES to study its deactivation mechanism. The catalytic performance of beads and powder KOH/Al2 O3 and K2 CO3 /Al2 O3 catalysts were evaluated via transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel. It was found that the optimum conditions for transesterification reaction were 1:12 of oil-to-methanol molar ratio and 5 wt.% of catalyst at 65 °C. As a result, the mesoporous size of beads KOH/Al2 O3 and K2 CO3 /Al2 O3 catalysts yielded 86.8% and 77.3% at 2 h' reaction time of fatty acids methyl ester (FAME), respectively. It was revealed that the utilization of PHM for beads K2 CO3 /Al2 O3 increase the reusability of the catalyst up to 7 cycles. Furthermore, the FAME produced was confirmed by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic technique. From this finding, beads KOH/Al2 O3 and K2 CO3 /Al2 O3 catalysts showed a promising performance to convert WCO to FAME or known as biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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