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Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) in non-seminomatous germ-cell tumor (NSTGCTs) is a complex procedure. We evaluated whether 3D computed tomography (CT) rendering and their radiomic analysis help predict resectability by junior surgeons. The ambispective analysis was performed between 2016–2021. A prospective group (A) of 30 patients undergoing CT was segmented using the 3D Slicer software while a retrospective group (B) of 30 patients was evaluated with conventional CT (without 3D reconstruction). Cat Fisher’s exact test showed a p-value of 0.13 for group A and 1.0 for Group B. The difference between the proportion test showed a p-value of 0.009149 (IC 0.1–0.63). The proportion of the correct classification showed a p-value of 0.645 (IC 0.55–0.87) for A, and 0.275 (IC 0.11–0.43) for Group B. Furthermore, 13 shape features were extracted: elongation, flatness, volume, sphericity, and surface area, among others. Performing a logistic regression with the entire dataset, n = 60, the results were: Accuracy: 0.7 and Precision: 0.65. Using n = 30 randomly chosen, the best result obtained was Accuracy: 0.73 and Precision: 0.83, with a p-value: 0.025 for Fisher’s exact test. In conclusion, the results showed a significant difference in the prediction of resectability with conventional CT versus 3D reconstruction by junior surgeons versus experienced surgeons. Radiomic features used to elaborate an artificial intelligence model improve the prediction of resectability. The proposed model could be of great support in a university hospital, allowing it to plan the surgery and to anticipate complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm of the urinary tract, which originates in the epithelium that covers the inner surface of the bladder. The molecular BC profile has led to the development of different classifications of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, the genomic BC landscape profile of the Mexican population, including NMIBC and MIBC, is unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) in Mexican patients with BC and their associations with clinical and pathological characteristics. We retrospectively evaluated 37 patients treated between 2012 and 2021 at the National Cancer Institute—Mexico (INCan). DNA samples were obtained from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and exome sequenced. Strelka2 and Lancet packages were used to identify SNVs and insertions or deletions. FACETS was used to determine CNVs. We found a high frequency of mutations in TP53 and KMT2D, gains in 11q15.5 and 19p13.11-q12, and losses in 7q11.23. STAG2 mutations and 1q11.23 deletions were also associated with NMIBC and low histologic grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. Incidence and mortality of this disease has remained unchanged in Latin populations unlike the rest of the world. To date, the search for genetic variants in our population remains unexplored. The aim of this study is to identify predictive biomarkers of resistance to platinum-based therapy, whether general or specific to the Latin population. We observed that sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to be explained by any of the mutations detected. However, we identified amplifications on segment 2q11.1 as a novel variant with chemosensitivity biomarker potential. Our data shed light into understanding platinum resistance in a Latin-origin population. Despite having a favorable response to platinum-based chemotherapies, ~15% of Testicular Germ-Cell Tumor (TGCT) patients are platinum-resistant. Mortality rates among Latin American countries have remained constant over time, which makes the study of this population of particular interest. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted whole-exome sequencing, microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization, and copy number analysis of 32 tumors from a Mexican cohort, of which 18 were platinum-sensitive and 14 were platinum-resistant. We incorporated analyses of mutational burden, driver mutations, and SNV and CNV signatures. DNA breakpoints in genes were also investigated and might represent an interesting research opportunity. We observed that sensitivity to chemotherapy does not seem to be explained by any of the mutations detected. Instead, we uncovered CNVs, particularly amplifications on segment 2q11.1 as a novel variant with chemosensitivity biomarker potential. Our data shed light into understanding platinum resistance in a Latin-origin population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]