1,883 results on '"Kim, Min-A"'
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2. Evaluating Prediction Models with Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly in Chronic Otitis Media Patients.
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Yoon, Hee Soo, Kim, Min Jin, Lim, Kang Hyeon, Kim, Min Suk, Kang, Byung Jae, Rah, Yoon Chan, and Choi, June
- Abstract
Background: This retrospective, cross-sectional study aimed to assess the functional hearing capacity of individuals with Chronic Otitis Media (COM) using prediction modeling techniques and the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) questionnaire. This study investigated the potential of predictive models to identify hearing levels in patients with COM. Methods: We comprehensively examined 289 individuals diagnosed with COM, of whom 136 reported tinnitus and 143 did not. This study involved a detailed analysis of various patient characteristics and HHIE questionnaire results. Logistic and Random Forest models were employed and compared based on key performance metrics. Results: The logistic model demonstrated a slightly higher accuracy (73.56%), area under the curve (AUC; 0.73), Kappa value (0.45), and F1 score (0.78) than the Random Forest model. These findings suggest the superior predictive performance of the logistic model in identifying hearing levels in patients with COM. Conclusions: Although the AUC for the logistic regression did not meet the benchmark, this study highlights the potential for enhanced reliability and improved performance metrics using a larger dataset. The integration of prediction modeling techniques and the HHIE questionnaire shows promise for achieving greater diagnostic accuracy and refining intervention strategies for individuals with COM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Nanocrystal Formulation to Enhance Oral Absorption of Silybin: Preparation, In Vitro Evaluations, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluations in Rats and Healthy Human Subjects.
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Seo, SeungRee, Kim, Gwan-Young, Kim, Min-Hwan, Lee, Kyung Won, Kim, Min-Jae, Chaudhary, Mansingh, Bikram, Khadka, Kim, Taeheon, Choi, Seungmok, Yang, Heejin, Park, Joo Won, Kim, Dae-Duk, and Kim, Ki-Taek
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MILK thistle ,SURFACE morphology ,IN vivo studies ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,RAW materials - Abstract
Despite the various therapeutic benefits and high tolerance of orally administered silybin, poor water-solubility can be the main restrictive physicochemical feature, which results in low oral bioavailability in the absorption. A milk thistle nanocrystal formulation (HM40) was prepared using a modified wet-milling method. Comprehensive characterization was performed to determine the physical morphology, crystallinity, and physicochemical properties. The long-term stability was evaluated over 24 months. In vitro silybin release was assessed at pH 1.2 for 2 h, followed by pH 6.8 for 4 h. Finally, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in rats and healthy human volunteers. HM40 exhibited a nanocrystal structure maintaining crystallinity and enhanced the solubility and dissolution of silybin compared to that of the raw material. The stability over 24 months revealed consistent surface morphology, particle size, silybin content, and solubility. In vitro release profiles indicated a significant increase in the silybin release from HM40. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that HM40 showed 2.61- and 1.51-fold higher oral bioavailability in rats and humans, respectively, than that of the reference capsule. HM40 formulation presents a stable and promising approach for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble silybin, with the potential for use in pharmaceutical formulations containing milk thistle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Effects of Nutrient Manipulation during Peripartum and Suckling Period on Productivity of Hanwoo Cows and Offspring.
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Son, Gi-Hwal, Kim, Na-Hui, Lee, So-Hee, Kim, Young-Lae, Ahn, Jun-Sang, Kim, Min-Ji, Shin, Jong-Suh, and Park, Byung-Ki
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Simple Summary: Nutrient manipulation during the peripartum and suckling periods can significantly impact the productivity of Hanwoo cows and their offspring. This study investigated the effects of feeding nutrient-enriched formula feed compared to moderate formula feed on 183 pregnant Hanwoo cows and their 180 offspring. Results indicated that cows receiving the enriched diet had better body weight recovery postpartum, and their offspring showed higher growth performance. Additionally, the interval to first estrus return and days open were reduced in the nutrient-enriched group. These findings suggest that nutrient-enriched formula feed enhances reproductive efficiency in Hanwoo cows and improves growth performance in their offspring. This study investigated the effects of nutrient manipulation during the peripartum and suckling periods on the productivity of Hanwoo cows and their offspring. A total of 183 pregnant cows and their 180 offspring were randomly assigned to either a control group, fed a formula feed with 13.5% crude protein (CP) and 70.5% total digestible nutrients (TDN), or a treatment group, fed nutrient-enriched formula feed with 18.0% CP and 72.5% TDN. Offspring were similarly divided and fed either 17.0% CP and 69.5% TDN (control) or 21.5% CP and 72.5% TDN (treatment). Results showed that body weight recovery was higher in the treatment group, although wither height, body length, and body condition scores were similar between groups. The treatment group exhibited increased chest girth, reduced intervals for first return to estrus, and shorter days open compared to the control group. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids, albumin, and progesterone concentrations of Hanwoo cows varied between groups at the 3 months before and after calving. Offspring in the treatment group had higher body weight and average daily gain at birth, three and six months of age, with higher dry matter intake. These findings suggest that nutrient-enriched formula feed positively influences the reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo cows and the growth performance of their offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Metabolome Shift in Centella asiatica Leaves Induced by the Novel Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium, Priestia megaterium HyangYak-01.
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Kim, Min-Chul, Jo, HyungWoo, Lim, Kyeongmo, Kim, Ikwhan, Kim, Hye-Been, Kim, Sol, Nho, Younhwa, Kim, Misun, Kim, Hyeyoun, Baek, Chaeyun, Heo, Young Mok, Lee, Haeun, Kang, Seunghyun, Lee, Dong-Geol, Han, Kyudong, and Shin, Jae-Ho
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Centella asiatica, a traditional herb, is widely recognized for its pharmacologically active components, such as asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid. These components render it a highly sought-after ingredient in various industries, including cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to enhance the production and activity of these pharmacological constituents of C. asiatica using the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Priestia megaterium HyangYak-01 during its cultivation. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted field experiments, which revealed an increase in the production of pharmacologically active compounds in C. asiatica cultivated with a P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution. Additionally, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) confirmed that the composition ratios of the C. asiatica extract treated with the P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution differed from those of the untreated control and type strain-treated groups. Skin cell experiments indicated that the C. asiatica extract treated with the P. megaterium HyangYak-01 culture solution exhibited greater skin barrier improvement and less pronounced inflammatory responses than those from plants grown without the bacterial culture solution. This study demonstrates that microbial treatment during plant cultivation can beneficially influence the production of pharmacological constituents, suggesting a valuable approach toward enhancing the therapeutic properties of plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. miR-10a/b-5p-NCOR2 Regulates Insulin-Resistant Diabetes in Female Mice.
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Ha, Se Eun, Singh, Rajan, Jin, Byungchang, Baek, Gain, Jorgensen, Brian G., Zogg, Hannah, Debnath, Sushmita, Park, Hahn Sung, Cho, Hayeong, Watkins, Claudia Marie, Cho, Sumin, Kim, Min-Seob, Lee, Moon Young, Yu, Tae Yang, Jeong, Jin Woo, and Ro, Seungil
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PROTEIN kinase B ,SEX (Biology) ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,INSULIN receptors ,GENDER - Abstract
Gender and biological sex have distinct impacts on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Estrogen deficiency is known to predispose female mice to T2D. In our previous study, we found that a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) induces T2D in male mice through the miR-10b-5p/KLF11/KIT pathway, but not in females, highlighting hormonal disparities in T2D susceptibility. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this hormonal protection in females remain elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized ovariectomized, estrogen-deficient female mice, fed them a HFHSD to induce T2D, and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in estrogen-deficient diabetic female mice, relevant cell lines, and female T2D patients. Initially, female mice fed a HFHSD exhibited a delayed onset of T2D, but ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency promptly precipitated T2D without delay. Intriguingly, insulin (INS) was upregulated, while insulin receptor (INSR) and protein kinase B (AKT) were downregulated in these estrogen-deficient diabetic female mice, indicating insulin-resistant T2D. These dysregulations of INS, INSR, and AKT were mediated by a miR-10a/b-5p-NCOR2 axis. Treatment with miR-10a/b-5p effectively alleviated hyperglycemia in estrogen-deficient T2D female mice, while β-estradiol temporarily reduced hyperglycemia. Consistent with the murine findings, plasma samples from female T2D patients exhibited significant reductions in miR-10a/b-5p, estrogen, and INSR, but increased insulin levels. Our findings suggest that estrogen protects against insulin-resistant T2D in females through miR-10a/b-5p/NCOR2 pathway, indicating the potential therapeutic benefits of miR-10a/b-5p restoration in female T2D management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Fluidal Peperites Recorded in the Cretaceous Lacustrine Sediments in the Southern Korean Peninsula: Syn-Magmatic Sediment Fluidization and Its Influence on the Peperite Formation.
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Kim, Min-Cheol and Gihm, Yong Sik
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This study assessed the influence of sediment and water redistribution in host sediments on peperite formation by examining the peperites at the boundary between Cretaceous lacustrine sedimentary successions and intruding dikes (D1 and D2). The peperite zones occur along the dike margins and consist of fluidal juvenile fragments, classified as Type A and Type B perperite zones based on lateral extent of the peperite zones. Type A peperite zone, the dominant type, exhibites a narrow distribution (<20 cm), whereas Type B peperite zone sporadically occurs along D1 with a wider width (<1 m). Type B peperite zone is laterally linked with clastic dikes. These dikes containi fluidal shaped dike fragments with jigsaw-fit textures, indicating syn-magmatic fluidization and the resultant formation of the clastic dike via heat transfer. During dike emplacement, the interaction between the host sediments and the intruding magma formed Type A along the margins. Simultaneously, the clastic dikes, composed of fluidized sediments and water, supplied additional water and sediments, enhancing magma-host sediment intermingling and leading to the wide lateral extent of Type B. Our findings demonstrate that sediment and water redistribution via syn-magmatic fluidization is crucial in peperite formation, influencing the initial processes of phreatomagmatic volcanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Association of Renal Hyperfiltration with Incidence of New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Cohort Study.
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Kim, Min-Ju, Kang, Min Kyoung, Hong, Ye-Seon, Leem, Gwang Hyun, and Song, Tae-Jin
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NATIONAL health insurance , *GLOMERULAR filtration rate , *BLOOD sugar , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *KIDNEY physiology - Abstract
Background and Objectives: While the connection between decreased kidney function and diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly acknowledged, there is insufficient research examining the relationship between higher-than-normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the incidence risk of new-onset DM. Our research aimed to explore the relationship between an eGFR and the incidence risk of new-onset DM in the Korean general population through a nationwide longitudinal study. Methods: This research employed the cohort records of the National Health Insurance Service in Korea, analyzing records from 2,294,358 individuals between the ages of 20 and 79 who underwent health check-ups between 2010 and 2011. The eGFR levels from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation were used to assess the renal function. New-onset DM was defined as two or more claims with the International Classification of Diseases-10 classification codes E10 to E14, being prescribed any medication for lowering blood glucose, or having a record of fasting plasma glucose levels of ≥126 mg/dL from a health examination after the index date. Results: The mean age of subjects was 47.34 ± 13.76 years. The 150,813 (6.57%) new-onset DM cases were identified over a median follow-up of 9.63 years. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, in comparison with the 5th decile, the 10th (≥114.12 mL/min/1.73 m2) (hazard ratio (HR): 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.50–0.54), p < 0.001) eGFR decile was significantly associated with a decreased incidence of new-onset DM. Moreover, eGFR >120 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with a reduced risk of new-onset DM (HR: 0.40, 95% CI (0.39–0.42), p < 0.001). These results were consistent regardless of the presence of impaired glucose tolerance, age, or obesity. Conclusion: Our study showed higher-than-normal eGFR levels were associated with a lower risk of incidence for new-onset DM regardless of the presence of impaired glucose tolerance, age, or obesity. In general population, higher-than-normal eGFR may be associated with a lower risk of incidence of new-onset DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. The Impact of Pembrolizumab as a Salvage Therapy Based on HER2 Expression in Advanced Gastric Cancer.
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Lim, Sung Hee, Kim, Min Jung, Lee, Jeeyun, Lim, Ho Yeong, Kang, Won Ki, and Kim, Seung Tae
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STOMACH tumors , *SALVAGE therapy , *IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors , *GENE expression , *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY , *KAPLAN-Meier estimator , *ONCOGENES , *DRUG efficacy , *SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) , *PROGRESSION-free survival , *DISEASE progression , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of salvage pembrolizumab in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients based on HER2 expression. Conducted at Samsung Medical Center from November 2017 to March 2023, it involved 113 patients treated with pembrolizumab. Twelve patients (10.6%) were HER2-positive, and 101 were HER2-negative. Results showed no complete responses among 92 evaluable patients. However, 50% of HER2-positive patients had a partial response compared to 4.9% of HER2-negative patients (p < 0.001). Disease control rates were 70% for HER2-positive and 37.8% for HER2-negative patients (p = 0.086). Median progression-free survival was 5.53 months for HER2-positive patients versus 1.81 months for HER2-negative patients (p = 0.037). This indicates that salvage pembrolizumab monotherapy is more effective in HER2-positive AGC patients. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used as salvage treatments for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) regardless of HER2 status. This study assessed the efficacy of ICIs based on HER2 expression in AGC patients who received pembrolizumab as salvage monotherapy at Samsung Medical Center from November 2017 to March 2023. HER2 status was determined via immunohistochemistry, and tumor response and survival outcomes were compared accordingly. Among the 113 patients analyzed, with a median age of 61 years and 64.6% being male, 12 patients (10.6%) were HER2-positive, and 101 patients (89.4%) were HER2-negative. Of 92 evaluable patients, none had a complete response. However, 50% of HER2-positive patients had a partial response, compared to 4.9% of HER2-negative patients (p < 0.001). The disease control rate was 70% in HER2-positive and 37.8% in HER2-negative patients (p = 0.086). Median progression-free survival was 5.53 months for HER2-positive patients versus 1.81 months for HER2-negative patients (p = 0.037). Pembrolizumab as a salvage chemotherapy for the treatment of AGC demonstrated superior effectiveness in HER2-positive patients compared with HER2-negative patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Probiotic Feed Additives Mitigate Odor Emission in Cattle Farms through Microbial Community Changes.
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Park, Min-Kyu, Hwang, Tae-Kyung, Kim, Wanro, Jo, YoungJae, Park, Yeong-Jun, Kim, Min-Chul, Son, HyunWoo, Seo, DaeWeon, and Shin, Jae-Ho
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Odor emissions from animal manure present a significant environmental challenge in livestock farming, impacting air quality and farm sustainability. Traditional methods, such as chemical additives and manure treatment, can be costly, labor-intensive, and less eco-friendly. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of microbial feed additives in reducing these odors. Conducted over three months in 2022 on a Korean beef cattle farm with 20 cattle, the experiment involved feeding a mixture of four microbial strains—Bacillus subtilis KNU-11, Lactobacillus acidophilus KNU-02, Lactobacillus casei KNU-12, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU-06. Manure samples were collected from an experimental group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 11), with microbial community changes assessed through 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated significant reductions in specific odorous compounds in the experimental group compared to the control group: ammonia decreased by 64.1%, dimethyl sulfide by 81.3%, butyric acid by 84.6%, and isovaleric acid by 49.8%. Additionally, there was a notable shift in the microbiome, with an increase in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae microbes associated with fiver degradation and fermentation, while the control group had higher levels of Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota, which are linked to pathogenicity. This study demonstrates that probiotics effectively alter intestinal microbiota to enhance microorganisms associated with odor mitigation, offering a promising and more sustainable approach to reducing odor emissions in livestock farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Two Fungal Pathogens Causing Pneumonia.
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Lim, Ho-Jae, Ahn, Seojin, No, Jee-Hyun, Park, Min-Young, Kim, Min-Jin, Sohn, Yong-Hak, Shin, Kwang-Soo, Park, Jung-Eun, and Yang, Yong-Jin
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Infectious diseases caused by fungal sources are of great interest owing to their increasing prevalence. Invasive fungal infections, including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, and Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, are significant causes of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. The accurate and timely detection of these pathogens in this high-risk population is crucial for effective patient management. We developed a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, RF2 mRT-PCR, specifically designed to detect two respiratory fungi, P. jirovecii and A. fumigatus, and evaluated its performance in specimens of patients with lower respiratory tract infection. The performance was evaluated using 731 clinical samples, 55 reference species, and one synthetic DNA. The reproducibility test yielded a probit curve with a lower limit of detection of 19.82 copies/reaction for P. jirovecii and 64.20 copies/reaction for A. fumigatus. The RF2 mRT-PCR assay did not cross-react with non-A. fumigatus Aspergillus species or other common bacterial and viral species, and showed 100% in vitro sensitivity and specificity with reference assays. Additionally, it simultaneously detected A. fumigatus and P. jirovecii in co-infected samples. Therefore, the RF2 mRT-PCR assay is an efficient and reliable tool for in vitro diagnosis of A. fumigatus and P. jirovecii pulmonary infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Full Coverage Path Planning for Torpedo-Type AUVs' Marine Survey Confined in Convex Polygon Area.
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Li, Ji-Hong, Kang, Hyungjoo, Kim, Min-Gyu, Lee, Mun-Jik, and Jin, Han-Sol
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In this paper, we present a full coverage path planning (CPP) algorithm for the marine surveys conducted in the convex polygon shaped search area. The survey is supposed to carry out by torpedo-type AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles). Due to their nonholonomic mechanical characteristics, these vehicles have nonzero minimum turning radius. For any given polygon shaped search area, it can always be partitioned into one or more convex polygons. With this in mind, this paper proposes a novel search algorithm called CbSPSA (Calculation based Shortest Path Search Algorithm) for full coverage of any given convex polygon shaped search area. By aligning the search inter-tracks alongside the edge with the minimum height, we can guarantee the minimum number of the vehicle's turns. In addition, the proposed method can guarantee the planned path is strictly located inside the polygon area without overlapped or crossed path lines, and also has the total path length as short as possible. Considering the vehicle's nonzero minimum turning radius, we also propose a sort of smoothing algorithm which can smooth the waypoint path searched by CbSPSA so that the vehicle can exactly follow it. The smoothed path is also guaranteed to be strictly located inside the polygon. Numerical simulation analyses are also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Cannabidiol Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis by Inhibiting JAK2–STAT3 in a Mouse Model.
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Kim, Min-Seo, Lee, Ji-Hyun, Kim, Sae-Woong, and Bang, Chul-Hwan
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Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound from Cannabis sativa, has shown efficacy in treating psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 1–3% of the global population; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated CBD's effects on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis in mice, which were divided into five groups: Control, IMQ, Clobetasol, 0.01% CBD, and 0.1% CBD. After inducing psoriasis with IMQ, clobetasol or CBD was applied. Psoriasis severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), with histopathological changes examined via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gene expression of inflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Il12b, Il17a, Il22, and Tnf) was analyzed by RT-PCR, while protein levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, P-STAT3, Janus kinase (JAK)2, and JAK3 were evaluated through western blot and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that CBD significantly reduced PASI scores, epidermal thickness, keratosis, hyperproliferation, and inflammation. Moreover, CBD inhibited the IL-23 receptor-mediated JAK2–STAT3 signaling pathway, leading to the downregulation of Il1b, Il6, Il12b, Il17a, Il22, and Tnf expression. These findings suggest that CBD effectively alleviates psoriasis-like symptoms in mice and may serve as a promising therapeutic agent for psoriasis by targeting the JAK2–STAT3 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Identification of Cellular Isoschaftoside-Mediated Anti-Senescence Mechanism in RAC2 and LINC00294.
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Lee, Yun Haeng, So, Byeong Hyeon, Lee, Kyeong Seon, Kuk, Myeong Uk, Park, Ji Ho, Yoon, Jee Hee, Lee, Yoo Jin, Kim, Du Yeol, Kim, Min Seon, Kwon, Hyung Wook, Byun, Youngjoo, Lee, Ki Yong, and Park, Joon Tae
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REACTIVE oxygen species ,NATURAL products ,GLYCOLYSIS ,MITOCHONDRIA ,ANTIOXIDANTS - Abstract
As cellular senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate excessively, causing cellular damage. Flavonoids derived from natural products are known for their antioxidant effects and their ability to delay cellular senescence. Previous studies have attempted to mitigate cellular senescence using flavonoids from natural sources. However, the detailed mechanisms and regulatory targets of some flavonoids exhibiting antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we screened a library of flavonoids for antioxidant properties. Isoschaftoside, a glycosidic flavonoid, significantly reduced ROS levels in senescent cells. It was found that mitochondrial function was restored, and dependence on glycolysis was reduced in senescent cells treated with isoschaftoside. Additionally, we identified that isoschaftoside suppresses ROS by reducing the expression of RAC2 and LINC00294 in senescent cells. Taken together, this study establishes a novel mechanism for ROS inhibition and the regulation of cellular senescence by isoschaftoside. Our findings contribute important insights to antioxidant and anti-senescence research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Experimental Study on the Chlorine-Induced Corrosion and Blister Formation of Steel Pipes Coated with Modified Polyethylene Powder.
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Lee, Myung Kue, Kim, Dongchan, and Kim, Min Ook
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STEEL pipe ,IRON corrosion ,SURFACE coatings ,CORROSION resistance - Abstract
In this study, chlorine-induced corrosion and blister formation on steel pipes (SPs) coated with modified polyethylene powder (MPP) were evaluated through various tests, including chlorine exposure, wet immersion, and temperature gradient experiments. The results confirmed that the extent of corrosion and iron leaching varied with the coating type as expected. In batch leaching tests, no corrosion was observed on modified polyethylene-coated steel pipes (MPCSPs) within a chlorine concentration range of 0 mg/L to 10 mg/L; similarly, there were no significant changes in specimen weight or iron levels. In contrast, the control group with uncoated SPs exhibited significant iron leaching and corrosion, a trend consistent in sequential leaching experiments. SEM analysis after a month of chlorine exposure revealed no significant corrosion on MPCSPs, and SEM-EDX confirmed no major changes in the carbon bond structure, indicating resistance to high chlorine concentrations. Comparative analysis of wet immersion and temperature gradient tests between MPCSP and conventional epoxy-coated SP (ECSP) specimens revealed that MPCSPs did not develop blisters even after 100 days of immersion, whereas ECSPs began showing blisters as early as 50 days. In temperature gradient tests, MPCSPs showed no blisters after 100 days, while ECSPs exhibited severe internal coating layer blisters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Androgen Deprivation Therapy and the Risk of Newly Developed Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Nationwide Nested Case–Control Study in the Republic of Korea.
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Jeon, Jinhyung, Ha, Jee Soo, Lee, Hye Sun, Jeon, Soyoung, Hwang, Ho Sik, Kim, Daeho, Kim, June Seok, Kim, Byeong Seon, Kim, Min, and Cho, Kang Su
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ANDROGEN deprivation therapy ,DRY eye syndromes ,PROSTATE cancer patients ,KOREANS ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,PROSTATE cancer - Abstract
Background: We aimed to evaluate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and newly developed dry eye syndrome (DES) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: A nested case–control study was conducted. From the nationwide claims database of the Republic of Korea, 125,005 patients were included in the final analysis. Cases were defined as those newly diagnosed with DES during follow-up, and 12,654 patients were identified. The cases were matched with controls in a ratio of 1:4. Odds ratios (ORs) for newly developed DES associated with ADT were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: After matching, 7499 cases and 29,996 controls were selected. ADT was associated with a reduced risk of newly developed DES in patients with prostate cancer compared to no ADT (OR = 0.875; 95% confidence interval, 0.825–0.927; p < 0.0001). An accumulated dose of ADT < 1 year was associated with a reduced risk of incidental DES (OR = 0.811; 95% CI, 0.751–0.875; p < 0.0001), and a duration of 1–2 years was also associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.890; 95% CI, 0.802–0.986; p = 0.026). No association was observed with an ADT duration of ≥2 years. Conclusions: The use of ADT, especially for shorter durations (<2 years), was associated with a reduced risk of newly developed DES in S. Korean patients with prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Development of Low-Pressure Die-Cast Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloy Propellers Part II: Simulations for Process Optimization.
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Kim, Min-Seok and Won, Soonho
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STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *NONDESTRUCTIVE testing , *THERMAL stresses , *PROCESS optimization , *DIE-casting - Abstract
With the increasing demand for high-performance leisure boat propellers, this study explores the development of high-strength aluminum alloy propellers using the low-pressure die-casting (LPDC) process. In Part I of the study, we identified the optimal alloy compositions for Al-6Zn-2Mg-1.5Cu propellers and highlighted the challenges of hot tearing at the junction between the hub and blades. In this continuation, we developed a coupled thermal fluid stress analysis model using ProCAST software to optimize the LPDC process. By adjusting casting parameters such as the melt supply temperature, initial mold temperature, and curvature radius between the hub and blades, we minimized hot tearing and other casting defects. The results were validated through simulations and practical applications, showing significant improvements in the quality and structural integrity of the propellers. Non-destructive testing using X-ray CT confirmed the reduction in internal defects, demonstrating the effectiveness of the simulation-based approach for alloy design and process optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Hypoxia-Regulated Proteins: Expression in Endometrial Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Features.
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Song, Dae Hyun, Jo, Jae Yoon, Kim, Cho Hee, Kim, Min Hye, Cho, In Ae, Shin, Jeong Kyu, Choi, Won Jun, and Baek, Jong Chul
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ENDOMETRIAL cancer ,ELECTRONIC health records ,CANCER prognosis ,PROGNOSIS ,AGE groups - Abstract
Background: Hypoxia-regulated proteins (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) have been identified as prognostic markers in various cancers; however, their role in endometrial cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer and correlate their expression with clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed using specimens from a retrospective cohort of 51 endometrial cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 2002 and 2009. Clinicopathologic data were collected from electronic medical records, and HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expressions were assessed in the tumor tissue. Results: GLUT-1 expression in endometrial cancer was categorized as mosaic, central, or diffuse. Most patients (56.0%) exhibited a central pattern, followed by diffuse (32.0%) and mosaic (12.0%) patterns. GLUT-1 expression was not significantly associated with histologic grade (p = 0.365). HIF-1α expression in immune cells, but not tumor cells, was significantly associated with a higher histologic grade. A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells, using both thresholds (≤1% vs. >1% and ≤5% vs. >5%), was significantly associated with higher histologic grade (p = 0.032 and p = 0.048, respectively). In addition, a higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells was significantly associated with a diffuse GLUT-1 expression pattern using >5% as a threshold. There were no significant differences in the proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells between groups stratified by age, tumor size, or invasion depth, regardless of whether the 1% or 5% threshold for HIF-1α positivity was used. Conclusions: A higher proportion of HIF-1α-positive immune cells is associated with endometrial cancers with higher histologic grade and diffuse GLUT1 expression patterns. These findings suggest a potential role for HIF-1α as a prognostic marker and highlight the need for further studies into the role of HIF-1α in the tumor microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. Effects of Macro Fibers on Crack Opening Reduction in Fiber Reinforced Concrete Overlays.
- Author
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Cho, Sanghwan, Bordelon, Amanda C., and Kim, Min Ook
- Subjects
FIBER-reinforced concrete ,CONCRETE construction ,CRACKING of concrete ,CRACKING of pavements ,CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics) ,CONCRETE pavements - Abstract
Macro fibers have been extensively used in the construction of various concrete structures, including bridges, dams, tunnels, industrial floors, and pavements. However, their effectiveness in reducing crack opening widths in concrete pavements has not been fully explored. This study aims to delineate the role of fibers by identifying the optimal types and volumes for effectively controlling cracks in concrete pavement structures, particularly in thin overlays. The research investigates how different fiber types, such as synthetic and steel, and their respective volumes can mitigate crack propagation in concrete overlays. Additionally, it evaluates the performance of fiber-reinforced concrete overlays compared to conventional dowel bar systems in terms of crack width reduction and overall pavement durability. The findings aim to provide specific design criteria for incorporating macro fibers in concrete overlays to enhance structural integrity and longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effects of Ulmus macrocarpa Extract and Catechin 7-O- β -D-apiofuranoside on Muscle Loss and Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Murine Skeletal Muscle Cells.
- Author
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Kim, Min Seok, Park, Sunmin, Kwon, Yeeun, Kim, TaeHee, Lee, Chan Ho, Jang, HyeonDu, Kim, Eun Ji, Jung, Jae In, Min, Sangil, Park, Kwang-Hyun, and Choi, Sun Eun
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Estimation of Ammonia Emission Inventory Using Life Cycle Assessment Based on Livestock Manure Flow: A Case Study of the Manure Management Sector in Korea.
- Author
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Lee, Hye-Min, Kim, Kyoung-Chan, Kim, Min-Wook, Lee, Ju-Yong, and Joo, Hung-Soo
- Subjects
PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,ANIMAL industry ,EMISSION inventories ,PARTICULATE matter ,MANURES ,NITROGEN oxides ,POULTRY manure - Abstract
Ammonia is one of the precursor gases in the formation of particulate matter (PM) that reacts with nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the atmosphere. Based on the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) of Korea, the annual ammonia emissions amounted to 261,207 tons in 2020 and the agricultural source (manure management sector) contributes the highest proportion of the ammonia inventory. However, the methodology for the study of ammonia emissions in Korea has some limitations regarding the representativeness of the sites selected and the reliability of the measurement method. In this study, we aimed to recalculate the ammonia emissions from the livestock industry in Korea using the UK's estimation method, which uses the life cycle assessment of livestock manure. Three major animal types, i.e., cattle (beef cattle and dairy cows), pigs and chickens, and three major processes based on the manure flow, i.e., housing, manure storage and treatment and land application processes, were considered. The total ammonia emissions were estimated to be approximately 33% higher than the official ammonia emissions stated by the CAPSS. For the manure flow, the ammonia emissions were the highest from land application processes. The ammonia emissions from dairy cow and poultry manure were much higher than those stated by the CAPSS, while the emissions from beef cattle and pig manure showed similar levels. The methodology used in this study can offer an alternative approach to the ammonia emission estimation of the manure management sector in the agriculture industry of Korea. Korean emission factors based on the manure flow should be developed and applied in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. XAI-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Kim, Se Young, Kim, Dae Ho, Kim, Min Ji, Ko, Hyo Jin, and Jeong, Ok Ran
- Subjects
CLINICAL decision support systems ,MEDICAL quality control ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DEEP learning ,MAINTENANCE costs - Abstract
With increasing electronic medical data and the development of artificial intelligence, clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) assist clinicians in diagnosis and prescription. Traditional knowledge-based CDSSs follow an accumulated medical knowledgebase and a predefined rule system, which clarifies the decision-making process; however, maintenance cost issues exist in the medical data quality control and standardization processes. Non-knowledge-based CDSSs utilize vast amounts of data and algorithms to effectively make decisions; however, the deep learning black-box problem causes unreliable results. EXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)-based CDSSs provide valid rationales and explainable results. These systems ensure trustworthiness and transparency by showing the recommendation and prediction result process using explainable techniques. However, existing systems have limitations, such as the scope of data utilization and the lack of explanatory power of AI models. This study proposes a new XAI-based CDSS framework to address these issues; introduces resources, datasets, and models that can be utilized; and provides a foundation model to support decision-making in various disease domains. Finally, we propose future directions for CDSS technology and highlight societal issues that need to be addressed to emphasize the potential of CDSSs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Impact of Hyperferritinemia on Immune Modulation in Septic Diabetic Patients.
- Author
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Kim, Min-Ji, Choi, Eun-Jung, and Lee, In-Kyu
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Sustainably Produced but Unsustainably Destroyed: Effective Price Promotion for the Sustainable Management of Unsold Inventory in Korea.
- Author
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Jung, Sojin, Lee, Stacy H., and Kim, Min Jung
- Abstract
Focusing on sustainable fashion brands' effective price promotion, this experimental study developed two sets of stimuli, 'discount' and 'disclosure' strategies, and tested consumers' evaluations of price fairness, product attractiveness, quality, and brand trust based on each strategy. Subsequently, this study compared consumers' evaluations of the discount and disclosure strategies. An analysis of 961 Korean samples revealed that a high discount rate increased price fairness and product attractiveness, and the highly promotion-focused consumers were more likely to perceive product attractiveness and quality when positive framing was presented. In the disclosure strategy, the reference point effect was prominent; when the conventional markup rate was provided, consumers showed greater price fairness, product attractiveness, and brand trust. Furthermore, it was noteworthy that disclosing conventional markup along with the firm's markup showed the same price fairness perceptions as that of a high markup rate. Built on reference point and regulatory focus fit, this study empirically proved the effectiveness of the price promotions of sustainable fashion brands to whom quality and trustworthiness are greatly important, extending the academic originality of this study. Practically, effective use of price promotion strategies can help fashion management handle inventory problems in a sustainable way without massive investment in technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Comparable Efficacy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdesivir in Reducing Viral Load and Shedding Duration in Patients with COVID-19.
- Author
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Kim, Choon-Mee, Chung, Jae Keun, Tamanna, Sadia, Bang, Mi-Seon, Tariq, Misbah, Lee, You Mi, Seo, Jun-Won, Kim, Da Young, Yun, Na Ra, Seo, Jinjong, Kim, Yuri, Kim, Min Ji, Kim, Dong-Min, and Cho, Nam-Hyuk
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,VIRAL shedding ,VIRAL load ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,RITONAVIR - Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 has significantly increased research on antiviral drugs and measures such as case isolation and contact tracing. This study compared the effects of lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir on COVID-19 patients with a control group receiving no antiviral drugs. Patients confirmed to have a SARS-CoV-2 infection via real-time RT-PCR were divided into three groups: lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and control. We assessed the efficacy of these drugs in reducing viral load and viral shedding duration using real-time RT-PCR and Vero E6 cell cultures. Lopinavir/ritonavir led to no detectable infectious SARS-CoV-2, with a median viral clearance time of one day, whereas one remdesivir-treated case remained culture-positive until day 12. Lopinavir/ritonavir significantly reduced viral load compared to remdesivir and control groups (p = 0.0117 and p = 0.0478). No infectious virus was detected in the lopinavir/ritonavir group, and the non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 proportion remained constant at 90%, higher than in the remdesivir and control groups (p = 0.0097). There was a significant difference in culture positivity among the groups (p = 0.0234), particularly between the lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir groups (p = 0.0267). These findings suggest that lopinavir/ritonavir reduces viral load and shortens the viral shedding duration compared to remdesivir, despite not being an effective treatment option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Design of High-Reliability Low-Dropout Regulator Combined with Silicon Controlled Rectifier-Based Electrostatic Discharge Protection Circuit Using Dynamic Dual Buffer.
- Author
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Seo, U-Yeol, Kwon, Sang-Wook, Kim, Dong-Hyeon, Oh, Jae-Yoon, Kim, Min-Seo, and Koo, Yong-Seo
- Subjects
SILICON-controlled rectifiers ,IMPACT loads ,ELECTRIC lines ,ELECTROSTATIC discharges ,VOLTAGE ,SILICON - Abstract
Overshoot and undershoot caused by the current load impact the accuracy of the required output voltage and circuit performance. The transient response issue in existing low-dropout (LDO) regulators is a dynamic specification that must be addressed at the design stage. This transient response is influenced by system parameters such as stability and gain. The LDO regulator suggested in this study is designed to minimize the change in output voltage by considerably enhancing the gain using a dynamic dual buffer structure. A dynamic dual buffer is utilized to effectively control undershoot and overshoot. Under the conditions that the input voltage range is from 3.3 to 4.5 V, the maximum load current is 300 mA, the output voltage is 3 V, and the output of the proposed LDO regulator with the dynamic dual buffer structure has undershoot and overshoot voltages of 41 mV and 31 mV, respectively. That is, the output voltage of the proposed LDO regulator effectively provided and discharged an additional current suited for the undershoot/overshoot conditions to enhance the transient response characteristics. Furthermore, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness characteristics of the proposed LDO regulator improved because of the silicon-controlled rectifier underlying the ESD protection device embedded in the output node and power line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Evolving Paradigms in Sepsis Management: A Narrative Review.
- Author
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Kim, Min-Ji, Choi, Eun-Joo, and Choi, Eun-Jung
- Subjects
- *
INDIVIDUALIZED medicine , *SEPSIS , *CLINICAL medicine , *INFLAMMATION , *DEATH rate - Abstract
Sepsis, a condition characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, significantly impacts global health, with mortality rates varying widely across regions. Traditional therapeutic strategies that target hyperinflammation and immunosuppression have largely failed to improve outcomes, underscoring the need for innovative approaches. This review examines the development of therapeutic agents for sepsis, with a focus on clinical trials addressing hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. It highlights the frequent failures of these trials, explores the underlying reasons, and outlines current research efforts aimed at bridging the gap between theoretical advancements and clinical applications. Although personalized medicine and phenotypic categorization present promising directions, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex pathogenesis of sepsis and developing targeted, effective therapies to enhance patient outcomes. By addressing the multifaceted nature of sepsis, future research can pave the way for more precise and individualized treatment strategies, ultimately improving the management and prognosis of sepsis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Time-Restricted Feeding Protects against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice.
- Author
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Kim, Do Kyun, Kim, Young Suk, Kim, Min Jeong, Kim, Seo Rin, Lee, Dong Won, Lee, Soo Bong, and Kim, Il Young
- Subjects
LOW-calorie diet ,REPERFUSION injury ,ACUTE kidney failure ,REPERFUSION ,LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidneys is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Time-restricted feeding (TRF), known for its metabolic health benefits and alleviation of various chronic diseases without calorie restriction, was investigated for its potential protective effects against IRI-induced AKI. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral IRI, with their kidneys collected after two days. For two weeks before IRI induction, the TRF group had unlimited access to standard chow but within an 8-hour feeding window during the dark cycle. The study groups were Control, TRF, IRI, and TRF + IRI. In the TRF + IRI group, tubular damage scores significantly decreased compared to the IRI group. Furthermore, the TRF + IRI mice had lower levels of phosphorylated NF-κB and fewer F4/80-positive macrophages than the IRI group. Oxidative stress markers for lipids and proteins were also notably lower in the TRF + IRI group. Additionally, TUNEL-positive tubular cells and cleaved caspase-3 expression were reduced in the TRF + IRI group. Without calorie restriction, TRF mitigated renal damage by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular apoptosis in renal IRI. This suggests that TRF could be a promising dietary strategy to prevent IRI-induced AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Atypical 18 F-FDG PET-CT Findings in a Rare Case of Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma.
- Author
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Cheon, Miju, Yi, Hyunkyung, Ha, Joo Young, and Kim, Min A
- Subjects
POSITRON emission tomography computed tomography ,BILE ducts ,LIVER cells ,BENIGN tumors ,SMOOTH muscle ,LEIOMYOSARCOMA - Abstract
The primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor arising from the smooth muscle cells in the hepatic vessels, bile ducts, and ligamentum teres. It is considered a subtype of hepatic sarcomas. We report awkward
18 F-FDG PET-CT findings of a primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma masquerading as a benign hepatic tumor, which were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations in a 78-year-old woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effect of Aggregate Type on the Shear Behavior of Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Beams.
- Author
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Cho, Sanghwan and Kim, Min Ook
- Subjects
CONCRETE beams ,REINFORCED concrete ,STRUCTURAL design ,SHEAR strength ,CONCRETE - Abstract
Despite extensive research on lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC), the precise effects of different coarse aggregate types and their physical properties on the shear capacity of reinforced all lightweight aggregate concrete (ALWAC) beams remain unclear. A comprehensive understanding of how aggregates influence the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams is essential for accurately predicting shear strength and effectively designing ALWAC structures. To advance this understanding, experiments were conducted on twelve RC beams: four made of normal-weight concrete (NWC) and eight of ALWAC. ALWAC beams exhibited more extensive and wider flexural cracks compared to NWC beams under the same loading conditions. ALWAC beams demonstrated structural performance similar to NWC beams under identical loading conditions. The cracking loads of ALWAC can be estimated through measured concrete strength, with the post-cracking behavior predominantly influenced by the tensile reinforcement. All considered design codes underestimated the shear capacity of the tested ALWAC beams, and the shear resistance estimated by EC2 corresponded more closely than other existing codes. Lastly, the limitations and future work based on the results of this study were discussed and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Association of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination with Facial-Related Neurological Disorders: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.
- Author
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Kim, Younggoo, Kim, Min-Ho, Chun, Eunmi, and Cho, Dosang
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *NEUROLOGIC manifestations of general diseases , *FACIAL paralysis , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *PROGNOSIS - Abstract
Neurological complications after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration have been reported. However, the incidence rates of these complications have not been compared in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. This study used a nationwide cohort from South Korea to investigate the incidence and prognostic factors of facial-related neurological disorders, such as facial palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and hemifacial spasms, after COVID-19 vaccination. A population-based cohort design was used to examine data from a randomly selected 50% of the adult population in Seoul, South Korea. Information on demographics, vaccination status, vaccination type, and medical history was collected. The incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for facial-related neurological disorders were calculated. This study included 2,482,481 adults, 85.94% of whom were vaccinated. Vaccinated individuals showed a higher incidence of facial palsy, hemifacial spasm, and trigeminal neuralgia than unvaccinated individuals, with significant aHRs of 1.821, 3.203, and 6.621, respectively. Dyslipidemia, female sex, and young age were identified as risk factors for hemifacial spasms and trigeminal neuralgia. This study demonstrates an increased incidence of facial-related neurological disorders after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among individuals with dyslipidemia and younger women. These findings underscore the need for further investigations into the mechanisms and management of vaccine-related neurological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Amplifying Photochromic Response in Tungsten Oxide Films with Titanium Oxide and Polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Author
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Kim, Min-Sung, Yoon, Jun-Ho, Kim, Hong-Mo, Lee, Dong-Jun, Hirose, Tamaki, Takeda, Yoshihiko, and Kim, Jae-Pil
- Subjects
- *
TITANIUM dioxide films , *TUNGSTEN oxides , *TUNGSTEN trioxide , *DIARYLETHENE , *POVIDONE , *ELECTROCHROMIC windows , *ELECTRON-hole recombination - Abstract
Tungsten oxide (WO3) is known for its photochromic properties, making it useful for smart windows, displays, and sensors. However, its small bandgap leads to rapid recombination of electron–hole pairs, resulting in poor photochromic performance. This study aims to enhance the photochromic properties of WO3 by synthesizing hexagonal tungsten oxide via hydrothermal synthesis, which increases surface area and internal hydrates. Titanium oxide (TiO2) was adsorbed onto the tungsten oxide to inject additional charges and reduce electron–hole recombination. Additionally, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used to improve dispersion in organic solvents, allowing for the fabrication of high-quality films using the doctor blade method. Characterization confirmed the enhanced surface area, crystal structure, and dispersion stability. Reflectance and transmittance measurements demonstrated significant improvements in photochromic properties due to the composite structure. These findings suggest that the introduction of TiO2 and PVP to tungsten oxide effectively enhances its photochromic performance, broadening its applicability in various advanced photochromic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. An Experimental Investigation of Low-Frequency Active Excitation in Scramjet Combustor Using a Micro-Pulse Detonation Engine.
- Author
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Lee, Keon-Hyeong, Kim, Min-Su, Choi, Jeong-Yeol, and Yu, Kenneth H.
- Subjects
COMBUSTION efficiency ,AIR heaters ,MACH number ,FLAME ,PRESSURE measurement - Abstract
A micro-pulse detonation engine (μPDE) was designed and installed to a direct-connect scramjet combustor of Pusan National University (PNU-DCSC). The active excitation on the scramjet combustor was experimentally studied using the μPDE operating at frequencies of 10–20 Hz. A vitiation air heater (VAH) was used to supply high-enthalpy vitiated air to the isolator and the scramjet combustor at a Mach number of 2.0, with a total temperature of 1600 K and a total pressure of 1.68 MPa. The exit of μPDE was located at the center of the cavity of the scramjet combustor. Active excitation was performed at equivalence ratios of 0.111 and 0.163, and characteristics were analyzed through Schlieren recording and bottom wall pressure measurement. As a result, when the detonation emitted from the μPDE entered the scramjet combustor, it instantly formed a shock train and moved forward within the scramjet combustor. The flame instantaneously changed from the cavity shear layer flame to the cavity flame. Through bottom wall pressure measurement, it was also observed that active excitation resulted in a significant pressure increase near the cavity compared to when active excitation was not performed. This revealed combustion characteristics, indicating improved combustion efficiency from the pressure increase in the scramjet combustor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Korean Black Goat Extract Exerts Estrogen-like Osteoprotective Effects by Stimulating Osteoblast Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Suppressing Osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 Cells.
- Author
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Akter, Reshmi, Son, Jin Sung, Ahn, Jong Chan, Morshed, Md Niaj, Lee, Gyong Jai, Kim, Min Jun, An, Jeong Taek, Kong, Byoung Man, Song, Joong-Hyun, Yang, Deok Chun, Awais, Muhammad, and Yang, Dong Uk
- Subjects
CELL differentiation ,RUNX proteins ,OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS ,TUMOR necrosis factors ,BONE resorption ,WNT signal transduction ,BONE regeneration - Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, characterized by an imbalance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-driven bone formation, presents substantial health implications. In this study, we investigated the role of black goat extract (BGE), derived from a domesticated native Korean goat, estrogen-like activity, and osteoprotective effects in vitro. BGE's mineral and fatty acid compositions were analyzed via the ICP-AES method and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. In vitro experiments were conducted using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, and RAW264.7 osteoclasts. BGE exhibits a favorable amount of mineral and fatty acid content. It displayed antimenopausal activity by stimulating MCF-7 cell proliferation and augmenting estrogen-related gene expression (ERα, ERβ, and pS2). Moreover, BGE positively impacted osteogenesis and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells through Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation, leading to heightened expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, and collagen type 1. Significantly, BGE effectively suppressed osteoclastogenesis by curtailing osteoclast formation and activity in RAW264.7 cells, concurrently downregulating pivotal signaling molecules, including receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. This study offers a shred of preliminary evidence for the prospective use of BGE as an effective postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Association between Alcohol Use Disorder and Suicidal Ideation Using Propensity Score Matching in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea.
- Author
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Yang, Jeong-Min, Kim, Jae-Hyun, Kim, Min-Soo, Hong, Ji-Sung, Gu, Bon-Hee, Park, Ju-Ho, Choi, Young-Long, and Lee, Jung-Jae
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,SUICIDAL ideation ,SECONDARY analysis ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH status indicators ,INTERVIEWING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,SEX distribution ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,AGE distribution ,ANXIETY ,ALCOHOL-induced disorders ,ODDS ratio ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,MENTAL depression ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and suicidal ideation (SI) in the general Korean population. Methods: The 2022 Mental Health Awareness Survey was collected from the Chungcheongnam-do Mental Health Welfare Center (CHMHC). Before Propensity Score Matching (PSM), 823 participants were included in this study. After 1:4 PSM, the 255 participants were analyzed using the chi-square test and matched conditional logistic regression. Results: The AUD group had higher odds of experiencing SI than the non-AUD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.40, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.10–5.22). Stratified matched conditional logistic regression showed that, among the female, <40 years and single group, the AUD group was more likely to experience SI compared with the non-AUD, respectively (AOR:3.53, 95% CI: 1.20–10.44/AOR:3.45, 95% CI: 1.03–11.55/AOR:4.83, 95% CI: 1.18–19.69). However, among the male, ≥40 years and married group, we discovered no association between AUD and SI. Conclusions: Through this study, we found a strong association between the AUD group and SI. This association was particularly strong among female, <40 years, and single groups. This study elucidates the relationship between AUD and SI in the Chungnam region, which had not been previously identified in Korea, and it is expected to serve as foundational data for reducing the high suicide rate in this region. However, due to the limitation of being a cross-sectional study, future longitudinal research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Blood Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Promising Screening Biomarkers for Brain Metastases in Patients with Lung Cancer.
- Author
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Kim, Su-Hyun, Ahn, Beung-Chul, Lee, Dong-Eun, Kim, Ki Hoon, Hyun, Jae-Won, Kim, Min Jeong, Park, Na Young, Kim, Ho Jin, and Lee, Youngjoo
- Subjects
GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein ,MEDICAL screening ,CANCER patients ,LUNG cancer ,CYTOPLASMIC filaments - Abstract
The diagnosis of brain metastases (BMs) in patients with lung cancer (LC) predominantly relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a method that is constrained by high costs and limited accessibility. This study explores the potential of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) as screening biomarkers for BMs in LC patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 700 LC cases at the National Cancer Center, Korea, from July 2020 to June 2022, measuring sNfL and sGFAP levels at initial LC diagnosis. The likelihood of BM was evaluated using multivariate analysis and a predictive nomogram. Additionally, we prospectively monitored 177 samples from 46 LC patients initially without BM. Patients with BMs (n= 135) had significantly higher median sNfL (52.5 pg/mL) and sGFAP (239.2 pg/mL) levels compared to those without BMs (n = 565), with medians of 17.8 pg/mL and 141.1 pg/mL, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). The nomogram, incorporating age, sNfL, and sGFAP, predicted BM with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.877 (95% CI 0.84–0.914), showing 74.8% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity. Over nine months, 93% of samples from patients without BM remained below the cutoff, while all patients developing BMs showed increased levels at detection. A nomogram incorporating age, sNfL, and sGFAP provides a valuable tool for identifying LC patients at high risk for BM, thereby enabling targeted MRI screenings and enhancing diagnostic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Effect of Rumen-Protected L-Tryptophan or L-Ascorbic Acid on Plasma Metabolites and Milk Production Characteristics of Lactating Holstein Cows during Summer Conditions.
- Author
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Kim, Young-Lae, Lee, So-Hee, Son, Gi-Hwal, Shin, Jong-Suh, Kim, Min-Ji, and Park, Byung-Ki
- Subjects
LACTATION in cattle ,MILK yield ,COWS ,LACTATION ,TRYPTOPHAN ,BLOOD lactate ,COMPOSITION of milk - Abstract
Simple Summary: Summer heat stress adversely affects the productivity and economic viability of lactating Holstein cows. We explored the effects of dietary supplementation with L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid on milk production characteristics and plasma metabolites in lactating Holstein cows during the summer. The results showed that the supplementation with L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid reduced heat stress in lactating Holstein cows during the summer. In particular, L-tryptophan supplementation increased the concentration of melatonin in milk. However, there were no significant differences in milk yield or composition between the treatments. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the effects of increasing the dosage of supplements and to investigate the combination strategies of the dietary supplements used in the current study. This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid supplementation on the productivity of lactating Holstein cows during a high-temperature period. Thirty cows were assigned to three dietary groups: control (CON), treatment 1 (TRT 1; rumen-protected L-tryptophan, 20 g/cow/d), and treatment 2 (TRT 2; rumen-protected L-ascorbic acid, 20 g/cow/d). As the high-temperature period progressed, the decrease in milk yield and dry matter intake (DMI) in the TRT 1 and TRT 2 groups was lower than that in the CON group. The total protein level in the plasma of the TRT 1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). Milk melatonin concentration was higher in the TRT 1 group than in the CON and TRT 2 groups (p < 0.05). Thus, the present results indicate that rumen-protected L-tryptophan or L-ascorbic acid has positive effects in preventing declines in DMI and milk yield by reducing heat stress in Holstein cows. In particular, rumen-protected L-tryptophan is considered effective in increasing the melatonin concentration in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Detecting the Use of ChatGPT in University Newspapers by Analyzing Stylistic Differences with Machine Learning.
- Author
-
Kim, Min-Gyu and Desaire, Heather
- Subjects
- *
GENERATIVE artificial intelligence , *CHATGPT , *LANGUAGE models , *NEWSPAPERS , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *ELECTRONIC newspapers - Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have the ability to generate text by stringing together words from their extensive training data. The leading AI text generation tool built on LLMs, ChatGPT, has quickly grown a vast user base since its release, but the domains in which it is being heavily leveraged are not yet known to the public. To understand how generative AI is reshaping print media and the extent to which it is being implemented already, methods to distinguish human-generated text from that generated by AI are required. Since college students have been early adopters of ChatGPT, we sought to study the presence of generative AI in newspaper articles written by collegiate journalists. To achieve this objective, an accurate AI detection model is needed. Herein, we analyzed university newspaper articles from different universities to determine whether ChatGPT was used to write or edit the news articles. We developed a detection model using classical machine learning and used the model to detect AI usage in the news articles. The detection model showcased a 93% accuracy in the training data and had a similar performance in the test set, demonstrating effectiveness in AI detection above existing state-of-the-art detection tools. Finally, the model was applied to the task of searching for generative AI usage in 2023, and we found that ChatGPT was not used to revise articles to any appreciable measure to write university news articles at the schools we studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Antidepressant Effect of Enzymatic Porcine Placenta Hydrolysate in Repeated Immobilization Stress-Induced Ovariectomized Female Mice.
- Author
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Ye, Minsook, Nguyen, Sharon, Kim, Min Ju, Hwang, Jee Sun, Bae, Gun Won, Yang, Keun-Hang Susan, and Shim, Insop
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Small Peptide Derived from SFRP5 Suppresses Melanogenesis by Inhibiting Wnt Activity.
- Author
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Choi, Yoon-Seo, Hong, Jin-Gwen, Lim, Dong-Young, Kim, Min-Seo, Park, Sang-Hoon, Kang, Hee-Cheol, Seo, Won-Sang, and Lee, Jongsung
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Novel Lipid Nanocomplex Co-Carrying Bcl2 siRNA and Quantum Dots for EGF Receptor-Targeted Anti-Cancer Theranosis.
- Author
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Choi, Moon Jung, Kang, Seong Jae, Lee, Yeon Kyung, Choi, Kang Chan, Lee, Do Hyun, Jeong, Hwa Yeon, Kim, Min Woo, Kim, Keun Sik, and Park, Yong Serk
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QUANTUM dots ,SMALL interfering RNA ,CANCER cell culture ,LIPIDS ,CONJUGATED polymers ,COLORECTAL cancer - Abstract
Many different types of nanoparticles have been suggested for tumor-targeted theranosis. However, most systems were prepared through a series of complicated processes and could not even overcome the blood–immune barriers. For the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of cancers, herein we suggested the lipid micellar structure capturing quantum dot (QD) for cancer theranosis. The QD/lipid micelles (QDMs) were prepared using a simple self-assembly procedure and then conjugated with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies for tumor targeting. As a therapeutic agent, Bcl2 siRNA-cholesterol conjugates were loaded on the surface of QDMs. The EGFR-directed QDMs containing Bcl2 siRNA, so-called immuno-QDM/siBcl2 (iQDM/siBcl2), exhibited the more effective delivery of QDs and siBcl2 to target human colorectal cancer cells in cultures as well as in mouse xenografts. The effective in vivo targeting of iQDM/siBcl2 resulted in a more enhanced therapeutic efficacy of siBcl2 to the target cancer in mice. Based on the results, anti-EGFR QDM capturing therapeutic siRNA could be suggested as an alternative modality for tumor-targeted theranosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. The Impact of Ulmus macrocarpa Extracts on a Model of Sarcopenia-Induced C57BL/6 Mice.
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Lee, Chan Ho, Kwon, Yeeun, Park, Sunmin, Kim, TaeHee, Kim, Min Seok, Kim, Eun Ji, Jung, Jae In, Min, Sangil, Park, Kwang-Hyun, Jeong, Jae Hun, and Choi, Sun Eun
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LABORATORY mice ,MUSCULAR atrophy ,BODY composition ,MYOSITIS ,GRIP strength ,MUSCLE mass ,SARCOPENIA - Abstract
Aging leads to tissue and cellular changes, often driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, which contribute to age-related diseases. Our research focuses on harnessing the potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Korean Ulmus macrocarpa Hance, a traditional herbal remedy, to address muscle loss and atrophy. We evaluated the effects of Ulmus extract on various parameters in a muscle atrophy model, including weight, exercise performance, grip strength, body composition, muscle mass, and fiber characteristics. Additionally, we conducted Western blot and RT-PCR analyses to examine muscle protein regulation, apoptosis factors, inflammation, and antioxidants. In a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy model, Ulmus extract administration promoted genes related to muscle formation while reducing those associated with muscle atrophy. It also mitigated inflammation and boosted muscle antioxidants, indicating a potential improvement in muscle atrophy. These findings highlight the promise of Ulmus extract for developing pharmaceuticals and supplements to combat muscle loss and atrophy, paving the way for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. The Development of an Artificial Intelligence Video Analysis-Based Web Application to Diagnose Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Pilot Study.
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Jeong, Chang-Won, Lee, Chung-Sub, Lim, Dong-Wook, Noh, Si-Hyeong, Moon, Hee-Kyung, Park, Chul, and Kim, Min-Su
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,WEB-based user interfaces ,STREAMING video & television ,PILOT projects ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,ASPIRATION pneumonia ,DIAGNOSIS - Abstract
The gold standard test for diagnosing dysphagia is the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). However, the accuracy of this test varies depending on the specialist's skill level. We proposed a VFSS-based artificial intelligence (AI) web application to diagnose dysphagia. Video from the VFSS consists of multiframe data that contain approximately 300 images. To label the data, the server separated them into frames during the upload and stored them as a video for analysis. Then, the separated data were loaded into a labeling tool to perform the labeling. The labeled file was downloaded, and an AI model was developed by training with You Only Look Once (YOLOv7). Using a utility called SplitFolders, the entire dataset was divided according to a ratio of training (70%), test (10%), and validation (20%). When a VFSS video file was uploaded to an application equipped with the developed AI model, it was automatically classified and labeled as oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal. The dysphagia of a person was categorized as either penetration or aspiration, and the final analyzed result was displayed to the viewer. The following labeling datasets were created for the AI learning: oral (n = 2355), pharyngeal (n = 2338), esophageal (n = 1480), penetration (n = 1856), and aspiration (n = 1320); the learning results of the YOLO model, which analyzed dysphagia using the dataset, were predicted with accuracies of 0.90, 0.82, 0.79, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively. This is expected to help clinicians more efficiently suggest the proper dietary options for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. Optimal Design of an Ecofriendly Pickup Truck Overhang and Roof to Reduce the Drag Coefficient.
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Kim, Min Seok, Bang, Yein, Kim, Jongwon, and Kim, Taek Keun
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DRAG (Aerodynamics) ,COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics ,DRAG coefficient ,DRAG reduction ,ROOF design & construction ,PICKUP trucks - Abstract
Until now, various studies have been conducted on the drag coefficient of pickup trucks, but little research has been conducted on the effect of the front overhang length and roof design on the drag coefficient. In this study, the flow characteristics and drag coefficients of 54 models with different front overhang lengths, roof angles, and angular positions were compared using a computational fluid dynamics code to reduce the drag coefficient of an eco-friendly pickup truck. Reducing the aerodynamic drag of electric vehicles can improve battery utilization and improve the overall performance of the powertrain, so it is important to analyze and optimize geometric design steps to improve drag reduction strategies. The three-dimensional steady-state analysis model used in this study was verified by comparing the model results with experimental values reported in previous studies. In addition, the impacts of four factors on the drag coefficient were analyzed to develop an optimal design that takes into account smaller and better characteristics. The drag coefficient was reduced by 10.3% compared to that of the base model. Based on the numerical analysis of all models to be applied to pickup truck design, a correlation of the drag coefficient with the shape was proposed, showing a low error range of +1.9% to −1.74%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Long-Term Enhancement of Botulinum Toxin Injections for Post-Stroke Spasticity by Use of Stretching Exercises—A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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Hwang, In-Su, Ryu, Jin-Whan, Jin, Sol, Kim, Soo-A, and Kim, Min-Su
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BOTULINUM A toxins ,BOTULINUM toxin ,STRETCH (Physiology) ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,INJECTIONS ,SPASTICITY ,ACTIVITIES of daily living - Abstract
Botulinum toxin A (BONT/A) injections play a central role in the treatment of upper limb spasticity in stroke patients. We proposed structured stretching exercises to enhance the effect of post-stroke spasticity relief of the upper limbs following BONT/A injections. A total of 43 patients who had a stroke with grade 2 spasticity or higher on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) in their upper-limb muscles were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 21) or control group (n = 22). The former received structured stretching exercises after their BONT/A injections for 20 min, 5 days per week, for 6 months at a hospital, while the others conducted self-stretching exercises at home. The outcome measures were assessed before the intervention (T0) and after three (T1) and six months (T2). Significantly greater improvements in the MAS scores of the elbows, wrists, and fingers were found in the intervention group's patients at T1 and T2. The behavioral outcome measures, including shoulder pain, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and our electrophysiological studies also showed a significantly higher enhancement in this patient group. In conclusion, the structured stretching exercises plus BONT/A injections for six months showed a superior effect in relieving post-stroke upper-limb spasticity compared to self-stretching exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Selective Nerve Block on Chronic Cervical Radiculopathy.
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Joo, Hyo Jin, Choi, Seongmin, Kim, Byoung Hoon, Kim, Min-Su, Shim, Ga Yang, Chung, Sung Joon, Chon, Jinmann, Yoo, Myung Chul, and Soh, Yunsoo
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NERVE block ,RADICULOPATHY ,NECK pain ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,INTERVERTEBRAL disk ,CONSERVATIVE treatment ,SPINAL nerve roots ,VISUAL analog scale - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cervical radiculopathy (CR) manifests as pain and sensorimotor disturbances in the upper extremities, often resulting from nerve root compression due to intervertebral disc herniation, degenerative changes, or trauma. While conservative treatments are initially preferred, persistent or severe cases may require surgical intervention. Ultrasound-guided selective nerve root block (SNRB) has emerged as a promising intervention for alleviating symptoms and potentially obviating the need for surgery. This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-guided SNRB in managing chronic CR, aiming to determine its potential in symptom relief and delaying or avoiding surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 720 outpatients treated for CR between October 2019 and March 2022. After excluding patients with traumatic CR, previous surgeries, malignancies, progressive neurological symptoms requiring immediate surgery, or inadequate conservative treatment, 92 patients who had experienced cervical radicular pain for more than three months and had failed to improve after more than six weeks of conservative treatment with VAS scores ≥ 5 were included. The patients underwent single or multiple ultrasound-guided SNRB procedures, involving the injection of dexamethasone and lidocaine under real-time ultrasound guidance. Symptom severity was assessed at the baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-procedure using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The data collected included age, sex, presence of neck and/or radicular pain, physical examination findings, recurrence of symptoms, improvement in symptoms, and whether surgical intervention was ultimately required. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with symptom improvement or recurrence. Results: Significant symptom improvement was observed in 69 (75.0%) participants post-SNRB, with 55 (79.7%) showing improvement at 4 weeks, 11 (15.9%) at 8 weeks, and 3 (4.4%) at 12 weeks. Symptom recurrence, defined by an increase in VAS score accompanied by a pain flare lasting at least 24 h after a pain-free interval of at least one month, was noted in 48 (52.2%) patients. The presence of combined neck and radicular pain was a significant predictor of recurrence (p = 0.008). No significant associations were found between symptom relief and factors such as age, gender, initial pain severity, or MRI findings. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided SNRB effectively manages chronic CR, providing substantial symptom relief and potentially reducing the need for surgical intervention. This technique offers a promising conservative treatment option, especially given its real-time visualization advantages and minimal radiation exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. CBP Expression Contributes to Neuropathic Pain via CREB and MeCP2 Regulation in the Spared Nerve Injury Rat Model.
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Lee, Chae-Chil, Park, Ki-Bong, Kim, Min Seok, and Jeon, Young Dae
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LABORATORY rats ,NEURALGIA ,NERVE grafting ,NERVOUS system injuries ,PERIPHERAL nerve injuries ,SPINAL infusions ,ANIMAL disease models ,SCIATIC nerve injuries - Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neuropathic pain and CREB-binding protein (CBP) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) expression levels in a rat model with spared nerve injury (SNI). Materials and Methods: Rat (male Sprague-Dawley white rats) models with surgical SNI (n = 6) were prepared, and naive rats (n = 5) were used as controls. The expression levels of CBP and MeCP2 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) were compared through immunohistochemistry at 7 and 14 days after surgery. The relationship between neuropathic pain and CBP/MeCP2 was also analyzed through intrathecal siRNA administration. Results: SNI induced a significant increase in the number of CBPs in L4 compared with contralateral DRG as well as with naive rats. The number of MeCP2 cells in the dorsal horn on the ipsilateral side decreased significantly compared with the contralateral dorsal horn and the control group. SNI induced a significant decrease in the number of MeCP2 neurons in the L4 ipsilateral DRG compared with the contralateral DRG and naive rats. The intrathecal injection of CBP siRNA significantly inhibited mechanical allodynia induced by SNI compared with non-targeting siRNA treatment. MeCP2 siRNA injection showed no significant effect on mechanical allodynia. Conclusions: The results suggest that CBP and MeCP2 may play an important role in the generation of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Postnatal Growth Assessment and Prediction of Neurodevelopment and Long-Term Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.
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Kim, Min Soo, Koh, Ji Won, Shin, Jeongmin, and Kim, Sae Yun
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LOW birth weight , *VERY low birth weight , *COHORT analysis , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *PREMATURE infants - Abstract
Background/Objectives: Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is associated with high mortality and an increased incidence of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. In this study, we aimed to compare the Intergrowth-21ST (IG-21ST) and Fenton charts in predicting long-term neurodevelopmental and anthropometric outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: Data were collected from 2649 VLBW infants registered in the Korean Neonatal Network born between 240/7 and 316/7 weeks of gestational age from January 2013 to December 2017. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 18–24 months of age, corrected for prematurity. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between EUGR and long-term outcomes. Results: Among the 2649 VLBW infants, 60.0% (1606/2649) and 36.9% (977/2649) were diagnosed as having EUGR defined by the Fenton chart (EUGRF) and by the IG-21ST chart (EUGRIG), respectively. The EUGRIG group exhibited a higher proportion of infants with cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and growth failure. In multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for risk factors for long-term outcome, the EUGRIG group showed higher risk of cerebral palsy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–2.65), NDI (aOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.71–2.55), and growth failure (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.16–2.13). Infants with EUGRF tended to develop NDI (aOR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.03–1.63) and experience growth failure (aOR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.77–3.40). Conclusions: The IG-21ST chart demonstrated a more effective prediction of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, whereas the Fenton chart may be more suitable for predicting growth failure at 18–24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Newly Developed Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk in Patients with Prostate Cancer.
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Ha, Jee Soo, Kim, Do Kyung, Lee, Hye Sun, Jeon, Soyoung, Jeon, Jinhyung, Kim, Daeho, Kim, June Seok, Kim, Byeongseon, Kim, Min, and Cho, Kang Su
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MACULAR degeneration ,PROSTATE cancer patients ,ANDROGEN deprivation therapy ,PROSTATE cancer ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,ODDS ratio - Abstract
Background/Objectives: to evaluate the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and newly developed neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: We identified 228,803 men from the nationwide claims database in the Republic of Korea diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 August 2009 and 31 December 2018 and followed until April 2021. Cases were defined as those newly diagnosed with neovascular AMD during follow-up. Cases were matched with controls based on age, index date, and follow-up duration, at a case-to-control ratio of 1:4. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of incident neovascular AMD associated with ADT were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results: The main analysis included 1700 cases and 6800 controls, with a median follow-up of 3.42 years. ADT was associated with a reduced risk of incident neovascular AMD in patients with prostate cancer (aOR = 0.840; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.743–0.951; p = 0.0058) in the multivariable analysis. A cumulative ADT duration less than 1 year was associated with a reduced risk of neovascular AMD (aOR = 0.727; 95% CI, 0.610–0.866; p = 0.0004); however, no association was observed when the duration of ADT was between 1 and 2 years (aOR = 0.862; 95% CI, 0.693–1.074; p = 0.1854) or more than 2 years (aOR = 1.009; 95% CI, 0.830–1.226; p = 0.9304). Conclusions: In patients with prostate cancer, medical castration for less than a year is associated with a reduced risk of incident neovascular AMD. These results suggest that androgens are involved in the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Study on Fault Diagnosis Technology for Efficient Swarm Control Operation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles.
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Jeong, Sang Ki, Kim, Min Kyu, Park, Hae Yong, Kim, Yoon Chil, and Ji, Dae-Hyeong
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FAULT diagnosis ,AUTONOMOUS vehicles ,DYNAMIC positioning systems ,MACHINE learning ,OCEAN currents ,CONTROL (Psychology) - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to design a Swarm Control algorithm for the effective mission performance of multiple unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) used for marine research purposes at sea. For this purpose, external force information was utilized for the control of multiple USV swarms using a lead–follow-formation technique. At this time, to efficiently control multiple USVs, the LSTM algorithm was used to learn ocean currents. Then, the predicted ocean currents were used to control USVs, and a study was conducted on behavioral-based control to manage USV formation. In this study, a control system model for several USVs, each equipped with two rear thrusters and a front lateral thruster, was designed. The LSTM algorithm was trained using historical ocean current data to predict the velocity of subsequent ocean currents. These predictions were subsequently utilized as system disturbances to adjust the controller's thrust. To measure ocean currents at sea as each USV moves, velocity, azimuth, and position data (latitude, longitude) from the GPS units mounted on the USVs were utilized to determine the speed and direction of the hull's movement. Furthermore, the flow rate was measured using a flow rate sensor on a small USV. The movement and position of the USV were regulated using an Artificial Neural Network-PID (ANN-PID) controller. Subsequently, this study involved a comparative analysis between the results obtained from the designed USV model and those simulated, encompassing the behavioral control rules of the USV swarm and the path traced by the actual USV swarm at sea. The effectiveness of the USV mathematical model and behavior control rules were verified. Through a comparison of the movement paths of the swarm USV with and without the disturbance learning algorithm and the ANN-PID control algorithm applied to the designed simulator, we analyzed the position error and maintenance performance of the swarm formation. Subsequently, we compared the application results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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