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The solution of nonlinear Boolean equations in a binary field plays a crucial part in cryptanalysis and computational mathematics. To speed up the process of solving Boolean equations is an urgent task that needs to be addressed. In this paper, we propose a method for solving Boolean equations based on the Grover algorithm combined with preprocessing using classical algorithms, optimizing the quantum circuit for solving the equations, and implementing the automatic generation of quantum circuits. The method first converted Boolean equations into Boolean expressions to construct the oracle in the Grover algorithm. The quantum circuit was emulated based on the IBM Qiskit framework and then simulated the Grover algorithm on this basis. Finally, the solution of the Boolean equation was implemented. The experimental results proved the feasibility of using the Grover algorithm to solve nonlinear Boolean equations in a binary field, and the correct answer was successfully found under the conditions that the search space was 221 and three G iterations were used. The method in this paper increases the solving scale and solving speed of Boolean equations and enlarges the application area of the Grover algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chitin is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth but under-utilized. The effective conversion of chitin biomass to useful chemicals is a promising strategy to make full use of chitin. Among chitin-derived compounds, some furan derivatives, typically 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran, have shown great potential as platform compounds in future industries. In this review, different catalytic systems for the synthesis of nitrogen-free 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and nitrogen-containing 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran from chitin or its derivatives are summarized comparatively. Some efficient technologies for enhancing chitin biomass conversion have been introduced. Last but not least, future challenges are discussed to enable the production of valuable compounds from chitin biomass via greener processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-layer reticulated shell structures are widely used, but their stability performance is not ideal. Moreover, they are sensitive to structural damage and imperfections, while the existing conventional design methods of increasing the cross-section, strengthening corrosion protection, and densifying the structural grid are not economical. This study employs a modified and bionic structure—a spiral single-layer reticulated shell structure—to solve the problem. First of all, according to the current Chinese design codes, its mathematical model and geometric model are designed. Then, its damage and imperfection tolerances are analyzed and compared with a traditional single-layer reticulated shell. We then propose a universal bearing capacity formula. Our research conclusions prove that the spiral single-layer reticulated shell structure has a higher tolerance to damage and imperfections while maintaining stability. Moreover, the precise bearing capacity formula proposed will help engineers to efficiently select the structure configurations in the conceptual design phase. Therefore, the spiral single-layer reticulated shell structure is worthy of popularization and application in engineering practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]