Search

To investigate the potential treatment evolution and outcome improvement, we retrospectively compared clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, treatment responses, and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed and treated with lymphoma-associated HLH between 2004–2012 (n = 30) and 2013–2021 (n = 26). Our study showed that the clinical characteristics of lymphoma-associated HLH did not substantially change over the past two decades. However, more patients diagnosed in 2013–2021 were tested for Epstein–Barr virus than those diagnosed in 2004–2012 (69.3% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.021). In addition, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 3–4 (hazard ratio (HR): 5.38; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.49–11.61; p < 0.001) and jaundice (HR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.37–6.18; p = 0.006) were poor prognostic factors for lymphoma-associated HLH. With a comparable response rate of lymphoma treatment, patients treated in 2013–2021 had a numerically greater median OS than those treated in 2004–2012 (23.6 ± 19.8 vs. 9.7 ± 4.5 months). However, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.334). In conclusion, early diagnosis and tailored treatments that balance efficacy and adverse events remain the key to obtaining a better outcome in lymphoma-associated HLH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural soil are substantially influenced by nitrogen (N) and field management practices. While routinely soil chambers have been used to measure emissions from small plots, measuring field-scale emissions with micrometeorological methods has been limited. This study implemented a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) technique to simultaneously and near-continuously measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of approximately 1 ha each. A scanning open-path Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR), edge-of-field gas sampling and measurement, locally measured turbulence, and bLS emissions modeling were integrated to measure N2O emissions from four adjacent fields of maize production using different management in 2015. The maize N management treatments consisted of 220 kg NH3-N ha−1 applied either as one application in the fall after harvest or spring before planting or split between fall after harvest and spring before planting. The field preparation treatments evaluated were no-till (NT) and chisel plow (ChP). This study showed that the OP-FTIR plus bLS method had a minimum detection limit (MDL) of ±1.2 µg m−2 s−1 (3σ) for multi-source flux measurements. The average N2O emission of the four treatments ranged from 0.1 to 2.3 µg m−2 s−1 over the study period of 01 May to 11 June after the spring fertilizer application. The management of the full-N rate applied in the fall led to higher N2O emissions than the split-N rates applied in the fall and spring. Based on the same N application, the ChP practice tended to increase N2O emissions compared with NT. Advection of N2O from adjacent fields influenced the estimated emissions; uncertainty (1σ) in emissions was 0.5 ± 0.3 µg m−2 s−1 if the field of interest received a clean measured upwind background air, but increased to 1.1 ± 0.5 µg m−2 s−1 if all upwind sources were advecting N2O over the field of interest. Moreover, higher short-period emission rates (e.g., half-hour) were observed in this study by a factor of 1.5~7 than other micrometeorological studies measuring N2O-N loss from the N-fertilized cereal cropping system. This increment was attributed to the increase in N fertilizer input and soil temperature during the measurement. We concluded that this method could make near-continuous "simultaneous" flux comparisons between treatments, but further studies are needed to address the discrepancies in the presented values with other comparable N2O flux studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscanthus × giganteus (Miscanthus) is a warm-season perennial grass grown for bioenergy feedstock production. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management is crucial for the sustainability of Miscanthus production. In our two-year study (2018 and 2019), we investigated the role of vegetation indices (VIs) in evaluating N fertilization (0 N, 56 N, 112 N, and 168 N kg ha−1) impacts on Miscanthus biomass yield and stand health. The flight campaigns were conducted early, middle, and late during the summer growing season. Among the VIs, mid-summer growing season NDRE provided the best prediction of fresh biomass (R2 = 0.87 and 0.97) and dry biomass (R2 = 0.89 and 0.97) in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The VIs generally showed that it was possible to distinguish between 0 N and 168 N treatments, but neither 0 N and 56 N kg ha−1 nor 112 N and 168 N kg ha−1 could be separated. The results from this study highlight the importance of moderate application of N (112 kg N ha−1) in improving and maintaining the stand health and biomass yield of Miscanthus over time and suggest that mid-summer growing season VIs, NDRE in particular, can be useful for assessment of Miscanthus stand health and biomass yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]