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The strange baryon production in Bi + Bi collisions at s N N = 9.0 GeV is studied using the PHSD transport model. Hyperon and anti-hyperon yields, transverse momentum spectra, and rapidity spectra are calculated, and their centrality dependence and the effect of rapidity and transverse momentum cuts are studied. The rapidity distributions for Λ ¯ , Ξ , Ξ ¯ baryons are found to be systematically narrower than for Λ s. The p T slope parameters for anti-hyperons vary more with centrality than those for hyperons. Restricting the accepted rapidity range to | y | < 1 increases the slope parameters by 13–30 MeV, depending on the centrality class and the hyperon mass. Hydrodynamic velocity and vorticity fields are calculated, and the formation of two oppositely rotating vortex rings moving in opposite directions along the collision axis is found. The hyperon spin polarization induced by the medium vorticity within the thermodynamic approach is calculated, and the dependence of the polarization on the transverse momentum and rapidity cuts and on the centrality selection is analyzed. The cuts have stronger effect on the polarization of Λ and Ξ hyperons than on the corresponding anti-hyperons. The polarization signal is maximal for the centrality class, 60–70%. We show that, for the considered hyperon polarization mechanism, the structure of the vorticity field makes an imprint on the polarization signal as a function of the azimuthal angle in the transverse momentum plane, ϕ H , cos ϕ H = p x / p T . For particles with positive longitudinal momentum, p z > 0 , the polarization increases with cos ϕ H , while for particles with p z < 0 it decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need to find mitigating pathways for limiting world CO2 emissions to net zero by 2050 has led to intense research on CO2 sequestration in deep saline reservoirs. This paper reviews key advancements in lab- and simulation-scale research on petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical changes during CO2–brine–rock interactions performed in the last 25 years. It delves into CO2 MPD (mineralization, precipitation, and dissolution) and explores alterations in petrophysical properties during core flooding and in static batch reactors. These properties include changes in wettability, CO2 and brine interfacial tension, diffusion, dispersion, CO2 storage capacity, and CO2 leakage in caprock and sedimentary rocks under reservoir conditions. The injection of supercritical CO2 into deep saline aquifers can lead to unforeseen geochemical and mineralogical changes, possibly jeopardizing the CCS (carbon capture and storage) process. There is a general lack of understanding of the reservoir's interaction with the CO2 phase at the pore/grain scale. This research addresses the gap in predicting the long-term changes of the CO2–brine–rock interaction using various geochemical reactive transport simulators. Péclet and Damköhler numbers can contribute to a better understanding of geochemical interactions and reactive transport processes. Additionally, the dielectric constant requires further investigation, particularly for pre- and post-CO2–brine–rock interactions. For comprehensive modeling of CO2 storage over various timescales, the geochemical modeling software called the Geochemist's Workbench was found to outperform others. Wettability alteration is another crucial aspect affecting CO2–brine–rock interactions under varying temperature, pressure, and salinity conditions, which is essential for ensuring long-term CO2 storage security and monitoring. Moreover, dual-energy CT scanning can provide deeper insights into geochemical interactions and their complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managed pressure drilling (MPD) is the most effective means to ensure drilling safety, and MPD is able to avoid further deterioration of complex working conditions through precise control of the wellhead back pressure. The key to the success of MPD is the well control strategy, which currently relies heavily on manual experience, hindering the automation and intelligence process of well control. In response to this issue, an MPD knowledge graph is constructed in this paper that extracts knowledge from published papers and drilling reports to guide well control. In order to improve the performance of entity extraction in the knowledge graph, a few-shot Chinese entity recognition model CEntLM-KL is extended from the EntLM model, in which the KL entropy is built to improve the accuracy of entity recognition. Through experiments on benchmark datasets, it has been shown that the proposed model has a significant improvement compared to the state-of-the-art methods. On the few-shot drilling datasets, the F-1 score of entity recognition reaches 33%. Finally, the knowledge graph is stored in Neo4J and applied for knowledge inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NICA (Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility) project at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR, Dubna, Russia) is aimed at the construction of a new accelerator complex for heavy ions and polarized particles. Heavy-ion collisions at NICA are planned to be studied in the region of the highest net-baryon density, which favors the formation of bound nuclear systems with strangeness hypernuclei. The multipurpose detector (MPD) at NICA is designed to reconstruct interactions of relativistic nuclei in a high-multiplicity environment. In this paper, we report the feasibility study results for the reconstruction of Λ 3 H, Λ 4 H and Λ 4 He in Bi+Bi collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy, s N N = 9.2 GeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of nuclei and hypernuclei is of interest for experimental and theoretical studies: it is a big question how such weakly bound objects survive in a hot, dense environment and which new insights on the heavy-ion collisions dynamics they can bring us. We present the results on the hypernuclei feasibility study for the flagship Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)/Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) experiment at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna using the Parton-Hadron-Quantum-Molecular Dynamics (PHQMD) transport approach and a realistic reconstruction chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The road surface texture is responsible for controlling several quality/safety road indicators, such as friction, noise, and fuel consumption. Road texture can be classified into different wavelengths, and it is dependent on the material used in the paving solution. With the aim of evaluating and characterizing the surface texture of a microsurfacing road pavement, six microsurfacing samples were made in the laboratory with both traditional materials (basaltic aggregates and bituminous emulsion) and with innovative materials from recycling procedures (crumb rubber (CR) and artificial engineered aggregate (AEA)). The characterization was performed through the use of a conoscopic holography profilometer with high precision and post-processing of the profiles detected through consolidated algorithms (ISO standards). We found that the aggregate type plays a very important role in the pavement texture. The binder agent seems to be highly important, but more studies regarding this are necessary. The use of crumb rubber as an aggregate proved to be feasible, and the texture parameters that were obtained were in accordance with the benchmark ones. In addition, the study shows that the use of artificial engineered aggregates does not impair the surface texture. Finally, the use of the texture parameters defined by the ISO standards, together with a statistical analysis, could be useful for defining the surface texture characteristics of microsurfacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Mammary Paget's disease of the breast is an uncommon and often misdiagnosed breast malignancy. The review discusses the diagnosis, work-up, treatment, and prognosis of mammary Paget's disease. Mammary Paget's Disease is a non-invasive cutaneous malignancy of the breast involving the nipple-areolar complex that is commonly mistaken for benign breast conditions, leading to delay in diagnosis. This review article discusses Paget's disease etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnostic work-up, natural history and prognosis. This article also discusses evolving strategies for the surgical and non-surgical management of Paget's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]