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The confirmed benefits of regular moderate exercise on cardiovascular health have positioned athletes as an illustration of well-being. However, concerns have arisen regarding the potential predisposition to arrhythmias in individuals engaged in prolonged strenuous exercise. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common heart arrhythmia, is typically associated with age-related risks but has been documented in otherwise healthy young and middle-aged endurance athletes. The mechanism responsible for AF involves atrial remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, and alterations in autonomic tone, all of which intersect with the demands of endurance sports, cumulative training hours, and competitive participation. This unique lifestyle requires a tailored therapeutic approach, often favoring radiofrequency ablation as the preferred treatment. As the number of professional and non-professional athletes engaging in high-level daily sports activities rises, awareness of AF within this demographic becomes imperative. This review delivers the etiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic considerations surrounding AF in endurance sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a spectrum of liver diseases linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes, and metabolic disorders. IR accelerates fat accumulation in the liver, worsening MAFLD. Regular physical activity and weight loss can improve liver function, reduce fat, and lower cardiovascular risk. This study examines the role of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in MAFLD, focusing on its potential as a biomarker and its relationship with insulin resistance. Methods: The study included 98 male patients (ages 30–55) with MAFLD, identified through systematic examinations, and 74 healthy male controls. All participants underwent abdominal ultrasound and blood tests after fasting, assessing markers such as glucose, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, γGT), lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides), insulin, SHBG, estradiol, and testosterone. SHBG levels were analyzed in relation to body mass index (BMI) and age. Results: A significant association was found between low SHBG levels and the presence of fatty liver. Individuals with MAFLD had lower SHBG levels compared to controls. BMI and age were key factors influencing SHBG, with higher BMI linked to lower SHBG in younger men, while SHBG remained stable in older individuals regardless of BMI. Conclusion: SHBG may serve as a valuable biomarker for early detection and risk assessment of MAFLD. The complex relationship between SHBG, BMI, and age highlights the importance of considering both hormonal and metabolic factors when assessing fatty liver risk. Our findings support the need for comprehensive metabolic evaluations in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to bridge the fields of urban morphology and land use/land cover (LULC) mapping through a systematic analysis of their integration in recent research. The research employs systematic literature review (SLR) methodology combining quantitative and qualitative methods through four methodological steps: data search, data selection, data analysis, and data clustering. The analysis performed three distinct clustering patterns: (1) methods and tools, (2) data types, and (3) urban morphology aspects. The results reveal five distinct methodological approaches—Data-Driven Typological Decoding Approach, Quantitative Structural Metrics Approach, Predictive Spatiotemporal Transition Approach, Temporal Change Detection and Performance Approach, and Spatial Configuration and Density Analysis Approach—each contributing unique insights to urban form analysis. The findings demonstrate the multidimensional nature of urban form analysis, incorporating both social and temporal dimensions, while highlighting the essential role of change detection in understanding urban pattern evolution. This systematic review establishes a comprehensive framework for understanding the relationship between urban morphology and LULC mapping, providing valuable insights for future research integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous bacterial species can both suppress plant pathogens and promote plant growth. By combining these bacteria with stabilizing substances, we can develop biological products with an extended shelf life, contributing to sustainable agriculture. Bacillus subtilis is one such bacterial species, possessing traits that enhance plant growth and offer effective protection, making it suitable for various applications. In this study, we successfully incorporated B. subtilis into hybrid materials composed of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers coated with chitosan film. The polymer carrier not only supports the normal growth of the bioagent but also preserves its viability during long-term storage. For that reason, the impact of chitosan molecular weight on the dynamic viscosity of the solutions used for film formation, as well as the resulting film's morphology, mechanical properties, and quantity of incorporated B. subtilis, along with their growth dynamics was investigated. SEM was used to examine the morphology of B. subtilis, electrospun PHB, and PHB mats coated with chitosan/B. subtilis. The results from mechanical tests demonstrate that chitosan film formation enhanced the tensile strength of the tested materials. Microbiological tests confirmed that the bacteria incorporated into the hybrid materials grow normally. The conducted viability tests demonstrate that the bacteria incorporated within the electrospun materials remained viable both after incorporation and following 90 days of storage. Moreover, the prepared biohybrid materials effectively inhibited the growth of the plant pathogenic strain Alternaria. Thus, the study provides more efficient and sustainable agricultural solutions by reducing reliance on synthetic materials and enhancing environmental compatibility through the development of advanced biomaterials capable of delivering active biocontrol agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper shows the integration of the theoretical and practical aspects of designing an ERM software tool. The basic idea of the designed ERM is conceived in the form of an algorithm using the integration of ISO 3100, the COSO framework, the risk matrix designed according to the risk appetite of the observed company, quantitative and qualitative models for risk assessment, and the generation of consequences and mitigating measures for each identified risk. Methodologies for risk assessment in the presented ERM include the following: For business risks, questionnaires were generated for different business areas (from knowledge bases) and the assessment was conducted according to risk matrices. Workplace risk is assessed according to the Kinney method, while technical risks are assessed according to the API 580, 581 standard. Software is created to outbalance problems of all types of risk that may arise regardless of the complexity of the business and the risk itself. The algorithm, model and software were developed and successfully tested in two Serbian companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Rectal cancer (RC) is the third most common gastrointestinal malignancy, with a rising incidence, particularly among the population under 50 years old. Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) is defined as the presence of malignant cells in veins beyond the muscularis propria near the primary colorectal tumor. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the prognostic value of separate pathological EMVI reporting in operative RC samples and to determine its relationship with standard pathohistological and surgical parameters among a selected cohort of RC patients from our institution. Finally, EMVI is proved not only to be a feature of aggressive tumor behavior, but also as a separate and independent parameter in patients with rectal cancer. The results we obtained strongly suggest the importance of separately reporting extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) from lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in daily practice, as well as that EMVI could be a good addition to TNM staging. Background/Objectives: Vascular invasion, especially extramural vascular invasion (EMVI), has emerged as a prognostic parameter for rectal cancer (RC) in recent years. Prediction of recurrence and metastasis development poses a significant challenge for oncologists, who need markers for prediction of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of pathohistologically detected EMVI in untreated rectal cancer and its implications in separate reporting. Methods: We examined 100 untreated RC patients who underwent curative resection from January 2016 to June 2018 with a follow-up of 5 years. Patients were divided into equal EMVI− and EMVI+ groups based on histological re-examination of H&E-stained postoperative surgical samples. Results: The presence of EMVI within the selected cohort was significantly associated with female gender, T3/T4 and N1/N2 post-operative stages, positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio LNR2 and LNR3 groups, abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, positive lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), perineural (PNI), and circumferential resection margin (CRM) (p < 0.05 in all tests). Within EMVI+ patients, local recurrences and/or metastases and death outcomes were more frequent events (p = 0.029 and p = 0.035, respectively), while survival analyses revealed that EMVI+ patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS, p = 0.040) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.028). Concerning LVI, differences in OS between LVI+ and LVI− patients were not statistically significant (p = 0.068), while LVI+ patients had significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.024). Moreover, univariate COX regression analysis demonstrated the negative impact of EMVI on OS (HR: 2.053, 95% CI: 1.015–4.152; p = 0.045) and DFS (HR: 2.106, 95% CI: 1.066–4.870; p = 0.038), which was not the case for LVI + RC patients. Conclusions: The obtained results strongly suggest the significance of separate reporting of EMVI from lympho-vascular invasion, as it is potentially a surrogate marker for adverse prognosis and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the role of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (SWE) in the assessment of the vascular wall of the carotid arteries and atherosclerotic plaques in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with moderate and low disease activity versus healthy controls. Methods: An observational case–control study was carried out at the University Medical Hospital "Kaspela" in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, from June 2023 to August 2024. This study included 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 25 healthy controls. We employed two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE) to examine the vessels around the plaques. The potential links with the degree of stenosis, plaque type, and cardiovascular risk were analyzed. Results: In the RA group, the 2D-SWE values showed significant positive correlations with the severity of the atherosclerotic plaques (rs = 0.461; 95% CI: 0.049 to 0.739; p = 0.023) and the degree of stenosis (rs = 0.920; 95% CI: 0.793 to 0.970; p < 0.001). Based on 2D-SWE, a ROC curve analysis distinguished higher severity plaques from lower severity plaques with an AUC = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.683 to 0.913. The optimal cut-off value of 2D-SWE > 32.40 kPa was associated with a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 56%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.70%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.90%. Conclusion: Elastography can be an effective technique for assessing and stratifying atherosclerotic plaques in patients with RA, as well as for aiding in the early detection and subsequent prevention of future complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives. Our study aimed to determine the development of antibiotic resistance during the peri-pandemic period in a regional secondary care hospital using an interrupted time series analysis. Methods. We analyzed data from seven years, accounting for 441,149 patient days. The incidence density of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) burden and infection was reported per 1000 patient days. Results. During the COVID-19 period, a significant increase in the mean incidence density of the total MDR burden from 4.93 to 5.81 per 1000 patient days was observed (p = 0.007). On the other hand, the mean incidence density of MDR infections decreased from 1.61 to 1.29 per 1000 patient days (p = 0.019). Using the interrupted time series analysis, the same trends were observed, namely the overall increasing trend in MDR burden and the overall decreasing trend in MDR infections. This divergent trend is mainly due to similar trends in several Gram-negative MDR, namely ESBL-EC, ESBL-KP and CRE. Conclusions. Due to the increasing burden of MDR, it is necessary to strengthen AMR surveillance. In addition, strict infection prevention and control measures, and antimicrobial stewardship programs continue to be important components in the fight against resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, affecting both low- and middle-income countries, with a growing number of cases. In 2024, about 310,720 women in the U.S. are projected to receive an invasive breast cancer diagnosis, alongside 56,500 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Breast cancer occurs in every country of the world in women at any age after puberty but with increasing rates in later life. About 65% of women with the BRCA1 and 45% with the BRCA2 gene variants develop breast cancer by age 70. While these genes account for 5% of breast cancers, their prevalence is higher in certain populations. Advances in early detection, personalised medicine, and AI-driven diagnostics are improving outcomes by enabling a more precise analysis, reducing recurrence, and minimising treatment side effects. Our paper aims to explore the vast applications of artificial intelligence within the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and how these advancements can contribute to elevating patient care as well as discussing the potential drawbacks of such integrations into modern medicine. We structured our paper as a non-systematic review and utilised Google Scholar and PubMed databases to review literature regarding the incorporation of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of non-palpable breast masses. AI is revolutionising breast cancer management by enhancing imaging, pathology, and personalised treatment. In imaging, AI can improve the detection of cancer in mammography, MRIs, and ultrasounds, rivalling expert radiologists in accuracy. In pathology, AI enhances biomarker detection, improving HER2 and Ki67 assessments. Personalised medicine benefits from AI's predictive power, aiding risk stratification and treatment response. AI also shows promise in triple-negative breast cancer management, offering better prognosis and subtype classification. However, challenges include data variability, ethical concerns, and real-world validation. Despite limitations, AI integration offers significant potential in improving breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyse the global environmental impact of wind farms, i.e., the effects on human health and the local ecosystem. Compared to conventional energy sources, wind turbines emit significantly fewer greenhouse gases, which helps to mitigate global warming. During the life cycle of a wind farm, 86% of CO2 emissions are generated by the extraction of raw materials and the manufacture of wind turbine components. The water consumption of wind farms is extremely low. In the operational phase, it is 4 L/MWh, and in the life cycle, one water footprint is only 670 L/MWh. However, wind farms occupy a relatively large total area of 0.345 ± 0.224 km2/MW of installed capacity on average. For this reason, wind farms will occupy more than 10% of the land area in some EU countries by 2030. The impact of wind farms on human health is mainly reflected in noise and shadow flicker, which can cause insomnia, headaches and various other problems. Ice flying off the rotor blades is not mentioned as a problem. On a positive note, the use of wind turbines instead of conventionally operated power plants helps to reduce the emission of particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM 2.5), which are a major problem for human health. In addition, the non-carcinogenic toxicity potential of wind turbines for humans over the entire life cycle is one of the lowest for energy plants. Wind farms can have a relatively large impact on the ecological system and biodiversity. The destruction of animal migration routes and habitats, the death of birds and bats in collisions with wind farms and the negative effects of wind farm noise on wildlife are examples of these impacts. The installation of a wind turbine at sea generates a lot of noise, which can have a significant impact on some marine animals. For this reason, planners should include noise mitigation measures when selecting the site for the future wind farm. The end of a wind turbine's service life is not a major environmental issue. Most components of a wind turbine can be easily recycled and the biggest challenge is the rotor blades due to the composite materials used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K. pneumoniae harbors various antibiotic resistance determinants like extended-spectrum and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases and carbapenemases. In the last three years, in the period of intense population aging, migrations and climate changes in Europe and Croatia as well, we observed changes in antibiotic resistance patters of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates obtained routinely in community and inpatient setting. The aim was to compare and subsequently analyze CRKP hospital and community isolates resistance mechanisms, traits and molecular epidemiology, in order to analyze the dynamic of resistance trends, carbapenemase types and plasmid epidemiology. Disk diffusion and broth dilution method were the methods of choice to determine antibiotic susceptibility. β-lactamases were screened by phenotypic methods and confirmed with PCR. In total 113 isolates were analysed. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ertapenem was confirmed in all strains. High resistance rates (over 90%) were observed for extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and ciprofloxacin. OKNV (OXA-48, KPC, NDM, VIM) testing and PCR detected OXA-48 in 106, NDM in 7 and KPC in only one isolate. ESBLs accompanied carbapenemases in 103 isolates. IncL, associated with OXA-48, was the dominant plasmid type. No significant differences in the resistance profile and resistance determinants were found between hospital and community isolates plasmid type. The predominance of OXA-48 carbapenemase is in line with the reports from the neigbouring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parents' work–life balance represents a major challenge, especially for those who have young children. The present article aims to identify the perceptions of parents relating to the purpose of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services, care responsibilities, and factors that affect the balance between caring responsibilities for children and the professional career of parents. Using a database with 825 parents, who have children aged between 0 and 6 years enrolled in the ECEC system (nurseries, kindergartens), we performed a descriptive statistical analysis and a logistic regression to identify factors that affect the balance between caring responsibilities and career. The results indicate an appreciation of the usefulness of ECEC services (nurseries/kindergartens) by parents and underline the importance of parents' involvement in the activities of ECEC services. Results also show that three factors affect the balance between caring responsibilities for children and professional career as follows: the residence area, the educational level, and the proximity to ECEC services. The need to develop ECEC services in Romania is correlated with the work–family balance field. Policymakers should focus more on structural changes and the development of early childhood education and care services, as well as the expansion of such services in both rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to narrow the research gap of ambiguity in which machine learning algorithms should be selected for evaluation in digital soil organic carbon (SOC) mapping. This was performed by providing a comprehensive assessment of prediction accuracy for 15 frequently used machine learning algorithms in digital SOC mapping based on studies indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), providing a basis for algorithm selection in future studies. Two study areas, including mainland France and the Czech Republic, were used in the study based on 2514 and 400 soil samples from the LUCAS 2018 dataset. Random Forest was first ranked for France (mainland) and then ranked for the Czech Republic regarding prediction accuracy; the coefficients of determination were 0.411 and 0.249, respectively, which was in accordance with its dominant appearance in previous studies indexed in the WoSCC. Additionally, the K-Nearest Neighbors and Gradient Boosting Machine regression algorithms indicated, relative to their frequency in studies indexed in the WoSCC, that they are underrated and should be more frequently considered in future digital SOC studies. Future studies should consider study areas not strictly related to human-made administrative borders, as well as more interpretable machine learning and ensemble machine learning approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cost overruns are a significant issue in infrastructure projects, adversely affecting not only economic performance but also sustainability goals by straining resources and extending project timelines. There is consensus among researchers about the persistence of cost overruns and the importance of accurate estimates. However, there are significant differences in the explanation of the reasons for the overruns. While we recognize the importance of understanding the reasons for cost overruns at all stages of project development, we have focused on the reasons for cost overruns after contract award due to the rarely available real and valid data collected at the source of the information. We analyze the deviations between actual and contracted costs, as well as the dependence of cost deviations of individual project types on the size of the contract. For example, the size of the tunnel significantly affects relative cost deviations, while for standard viaducts or road sections this effect is minimal. The results confirmed that cost overruns are less frequent in standard facilities than in those where the experience factor has little influence on the final cost estimate. For example, deviations in the average value of the contracted costs for highway sections range between −12.1% and 27.9% of the contracted value, and for standardized viaduct projects they range between −16.73% and 6.27% of the contracted value. The type of distribution function of deviations between actual and contractually agreed costs was investigated, and a predictive model for estimating future cost deviations of project programs was presented. The goal is to improve economic sustainability and the related optimization of resources in the development of infrastructure, which contributes to the broader agenda of sustainable development. The results encourage the adoption of improved project documentation and forecasting tools, which are essential for sustainable project management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health problem and one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. The progressive nature of CKD is associated with serious complications that can reduce the quality of life in CKD patients. Additional factors that can worsen well-being include dialysis treatment, malnutrition, inflammation, and lack of social support. The aim of our study was to analyze the quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis and its association with certain biochemical and immunonutritional parameters, as well as with social support. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted as a cross-sectional study that included 170 patients, divided into two groups: a group of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD group) (n = 85), and a control group of non-hemodialysis patients (group with CKD stage 3–4) (n = 85). The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) score was used to assess the quality of life of the study population. Measurement of biochemical and immunonutritional parameters was also performed in all patients. The Oslo-3 Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) was used to analyze social support. Results: The HRQoL score was significantly lower in HD patients compared to patients with CKD stage 3–4 (0.701 ± 0.137 vs. 0.832 ± 0.122, p < 0.001). It declined significantly as the concentrations of urea (β = −0.347, p < 0.001), creatinine (β = −0.699, p = 0.005), uric acid (β = −0.184, p = 0.016), β2-microglobulin (β = −0.432, p < 0.001), and parathormone (β = −0.209, p = 0.006) increased in HD patients. In addition to uremic toxins, an increase in glucose (β = −0.278, p = 0.010) and triglyceride (β = −0.354, p = 0.001) concentrations was associated with poor HRQoL in patients with CKD stage 3–4. There was a significant connection between the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) score and HRQoL in HD patients (β = 0.229, p = 0.035). Additionally, C-reactive protein (β = −0.361, p < 0.001) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (β = −0.288, p < 0.001), as markers of systemic inflammation, directly affected HRQoL in HD patients. In both study groups, perceived social support positively influenced the HRQoL scores (β = 0.192, p = 0.012 for hemodialysis; β = 0.225, p = 0.038 for non-hemodialysis). Conclusions: There is a decline in HRQoL in chronic hemodialysis patients, significantly affected by certain biochemical and immunonutritional parameters, along with perceived social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heyde syndrome, marked by aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome, is often underreported. Shear stress from a narrowed aortic valve degrades von Willebrand factor multimers, leading to angiodysplasia formation and von Willebrand factor deficiency. This case report aims to raise clinician awareness of Heyde syndrome, its complexity, and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. We present a 75-year-old man with aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal bleeding from angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand syndrome type 2A. The patient was successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation and blood transfusions. He declined further treatment for aortic stenosis but was in good overall health with improved laboratory results during follow-up. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of this syndrome, discuss current diagnostic and treatment approaches, and offer future perspectives for further research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of two in-season velocity loss training methods (VBT) on performance outcomes and to evaluate the effects of velocity-based training compared to traditional resistance training (TRT) on performance outcomes in young elite soccer players. VBT utilized the same relative load but varied in the extent of velocity loss during the set: 15% (VL15%) and 30% (VL30%). Thirty-four players were recruited and randomly distributed into three groups: the VL15% group (n = 12; age = 18.50 ± 0.67 years; stature = 183.41 ± 4.25 cm; body mass = 75.08 ± 5.57 kg), the VL30% group (n = 11; age = 17.91 ± 0.60 years; stature = 181.21 ± 6.56 cm, body mass = 73.58 ± 6.22 kg), and the traditional strength training group TRT (n = 11; age = 18.14 ± 0.74 years; stature = 182.17 ± 5.52 cm; body mass = 74.86 ± 6.68 kg). Alongside regular soccer sessions and matches, the groups underwent a four-week (2 sesions per week) resistance training intervention with back squats involved. Changes in leg strength (SQ1RM), 20 m sprint time (SPR 20 m), countermovement jump height (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) from before and after were evaluated using a 3 × 2 ANOVA. While no significant interaction was found for SQ1RM and SPR20, all of the groups showed significant pre to post improvements. Significant interactions were observed for CMJ (F = 38.24, p = 0.000), RSI (F = 8.33; p = 0.001), and change of direction agility test (COD) (F = 3.64; p = 0.038), with a post hoc analysis showing differences between the VL15 (6.0%) and TRT (1.7%) groups (p = 0.034); VL15 (12.2%) and VL30 (3.2%) groups (p = 0.004); VL15 and TRT (0.4%) (p = 0.018); VL15 (2.4%) and VL30 (1.5%) (p = 0.049); and between the VL15 and TRT (0.4%) groups (p = 0.015). Four weeks of VL15% training during the season induced similar strength increases to VL30% and TRT, superior improvements in RSI and COD compared to VL30%, and superior improvements in CMJ, RSI, and COD tests compared to TRT. Thus, incorporating the VL15% training method may be recommended to improve power-related performance metrics in elite young soccer players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sprint performance is commonly assessed via discrete sprint tests and analyzed through kinematic estimates modeled using a mono-exponential equation, including estimated maximal sprinting speed ( M S S ), relative acceleration ( T A U ), maximum acceleration ( M A C ), and relative propulsive maximal power ( P M A X ). The acceleration–velocity profile (AVP) provides a simple summary of short sprint performance using two parameters: MSS and MAC, which are useful for simplifying descriptions of sprint performance, comparison between athletes and groups of athletes, and estimating changes in performance over time or due to training intervention. However, discrete testing poses logistical challenges and defines an athlete's AVP exclusively from the performance achieved in an isolated testing environment. Recently, an in situ AVP (velocity–acceleration method) was proposed to estimate kinematic parameters from velocity and acceleration data obtained via global or local positioning systems (GPS/LPS) over multiple training sessions, plausibly improving the time efficiency of sprint monitoring and increasing the sample size that defines the athlete's AVP. However, the validity and sensitivity of estimates derived from the velocity–acceleration method in relation to changes in criterion scores remain elusive. To assess the concurrent validity and sensitivity of kinematic measures from the velocity–acceleration method, 31 elite youth basketball athletes (23 males and 8 females) completed two maximal effort 30 m sprint trials. Performance was simultaneously measured by a laser gun and an LPS (Kinexon), with kinematic parameters estimated using the time–velocity and velocity–acceleration methods. Agreement ( % B i a s ) between laser gun and LPS-derived estimates was within the practically significant magnitude ( ± 5%), while confidence intervals for the percentage mean absolute difference ( % M A D ) overlapped practical significance for T A U , M A C , and P M A X using the velocity–acceleration method. Only the M S S parameter showed a sensitivity ( % M D C 95 ) within practical significance (<5%), with all other parameters showing unsatisfactory sensitivity (>10%) for both the time–velocity and velocity–acceleration methods. Thus, sports practitioners may be confident in the concurrent validity and sensitivity of M S S estimates derived in situ using the velocity–acceleration method, while caution should be applied when using this method to infer an athlete's maximal acceleration capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the Gleason grading system has proven to be an irreplaceable tool in prostate cancer diagnostics within urology. Despite the advancements and developments in diagnostics, there remains a discrepancy in the grading process among even the most experienced pathologists. AI algorithms have demonstrated potential in detecting cancer and assigning Gleason grades, offering a solution to the issue of significant variability among pathologists' evaluations. Our paper explores the evolving role of AI in prostate cancer histopathology, with a key focus on outcomes and the reliability of various AI algorithms for Gleason pattern assessment. We conducted a non-systematic review of the published literature to examine the role of artificial intelligence in Gleason pattern diagnostics. The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched to gather pertinent information about recent advancements in artificial intelligence and their impact on Gleason patterns. We found that AI algorithms are increasingly being used to identify Gleason patterns in prostate cancer, with recent studies showing promising advancements that surpass traditional diagnostic methods. These findings highlight AI's potential to be integrated into clinical practice, enhancing pathologists' workflows and improving patient outcomes. The inter-observer variability in Gleason grading has seen an improvement in efficiency with the implementation of AI. Pathologists using AI have reported successful outcomes, demonstrating its effectiveness as a supplementary tool. While some refinements are still needed before AI can be fully implemented in clinical practice, its positive impact is anticipated soon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is projected that, by 2040, the number of new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) will increase to 3.2 million, and the number of deaths to 1.6 million, highlighting the need for prevention strategies, early detection and adequate follow-up. In this study, we aimed to provide an overview of the progress in personalized medicine of CRC in Serbia, with results and insights from the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia (IORS), and to propose guidance for tackling observed challenges in the future. Methods: Epidemiological data were derived from official global and national cancer registries and IORS electronic medical records. Germline genetic testing for Lynch syndrome was performed by Next Generation Sequencing. RAS and BRAF mutation analyses were performed using qPCR diagnostic kits. Results: Epidemiology and risk factors, prevention and early detection programs, as well as treatment options and scientific advances have been described in detail. Out of 103 patients who underwent germline testing for Lynch syndrome, 19 (18.4%) showed a mutation in MMR genes with pathogenic or likely pathogenic significance and 8 (7.8%) in other CRC-associated genes (APC, CHEK2, MUTYH). Of 6369 tested patients, 50.43% had a mutation in KRAS or NRAS genes, while 9.54% had the V600 mutation in the BRAF gene. Conclusions: Although significant improvements in CRC management have occurred globally in recent years, a strategic approach leading to population-based systemic solutions is required. The high incidence of young-onset CRC and the growing elderly population due to a rise in life expectancy will be especially important factors for countries with limited healthcare resources like Serbia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the latest trends in sustainable agriculture is the use of beneficial microorganisms to stimulate plant growth and biologically control phytopathogens. Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, is recognized for its valuable properties in various biotechnological and agricultural applications. This study presents, for the first time, the successful encapsulation of B. subtilis within electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) fibers, which are dip-coated with cellulose derivatives. In that way, the obtained fibrous biohybrid materials actively ensure the viability of the encapsulated biocontrol agent during storage and promote its normal growth when exposed to moisture. Aqueous solutions of the cellulose derivatives—sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, were used to dip-coat the electrospun PHB fibers. The study examined the effects of the type and molecular weight of these cellulose derivatives on film formation, mechanical properties, bacterial encapsulation, and growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to observe the morphology of the biohybrid materials and the encapsulated B. subtilis. Additionally, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the surface chemical composition of the biohybrid materials and verified the successful coating of PHB fibers. Mechanical testing revealed that the coating enhanced the mechanical properties of the fibrous materials and depends on the molecular weight of the used cellulose derivatives. Viability tests demonstrated that the encapsulated B. subtilis exhibited normal growth from the prepared materials. These findings suggest that the developed fibrous biohybrid materials hold significant promise as biocontrol formulations for plant protection and growth promotion in sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional diversity is a key component of biodiversity that reflects various dimensions of ecosystem functioning and the roles organisms play within communities and ecosystems. It is widely used to understand how ecological processes influence biotic assemblages. With an aim to increase our knowledge about dragonfly ecological requirements in tufa-depositing karst habitats, we assessed functional diversity of their assemblages, various life history traits (e.g., stream zonation preference, substrate preference, reproduction type), and relationship between functional diversity and physico-chemical water properties in three types of karst lotic habitats (springs, streams, and tufa barriers) in a biodiversity hotspot in the western Balkan Peninsula. Dragonfly functional diversity was mainly characterized by traits typical for lotic rheophile species with medium dispersal capacity. Among the investigated habitats, tufa barriers, characterized by higher (micro)habitat heterogeneity, higher water velocity, as well as lower conductivity and concentration of nitrates, can be considered as dragonfly functional diversity hotspots. Functional diversity and most of the life history traits were comparable among different substrate types in the studied habitats, indicating higher importance of habitat type in shaping dragonfly functional diversity patterns in karst lotic habitats. Our results should be considered in the management and conservation activities of vulnerable karst freshwater ecosystems and their dragonfly assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Degenerative cerebellar ataxias (DCA) present a group of complex neurological disorders primarily affecting the cerebellum and its pathways. Classic manifestations include motor symptoms of cerebellar ataxia. However, emerging evidence suggests that the cerebellum also plays a crucial role in various cognitive and emotional processes. The objective was to assess the psychiatric profile of a heterogeneous group of patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia. Methods: Our sample comprised 107 participants diagnosed with cerebellar degenerative ataxia. All patients were clinically evaluated using SARA, INAS, and different neuropsychiatric scales (ACE-R, HAMA, HAMD, AS, and GAF). Results: The majority of patients had autosomal dominant ataxia (38.3%) followed by sporadic ataxia (32.7%) with an average age at the moment of diagnosis of 35.3 ± 16.23 years, while the mean duration of disease at the study beginning was 12.1 ± 9.9 years. Psychiatric disorders were present in 40 patients (37.4%), with dysthymia (14.2%), major depressive disorder (9.4%), and MDD with melancholic features (7.6%). The presence of MDD with melancholic features was statistically significantly correlated with a lower ACE-R total score (r = −0.223; p = 0.022), while dysthymia was statistically significantly associated with a shorter duration of the disease (r = −0.226; p = 0.020) and older age (r = 0.197; p = 0.043). Statistically significant differences were observed between MSA-C patients and those with sporadic ataxia (HDRS p < 0.001, HARS p < 0.001, Apathy Scale p = 0.003, and GAF p = 0.004). Conclusions: Based on our findings, we can conclude that the degree of motor deficit has a significant impact on the development of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and apathy. However, it is not the only factor, and the impact also depends on the type of DCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For wide flange box sections, conventional Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with maintaining the cross-section planarity may lead to underestimation of axial stresses. Axial stresses in cross-section flanges may have a non-uniform distribution due to shear pliability, decreasing in value from the flange–web junction to the middle area of the flange. This phenomenon leads to the introduction of an effective flange width with a uniform distribution of original maximum stress. Furthermore, the introduction of flange curvature makes it even more complex due to the varying lever arm of each flange part with respect to the neutral bending axis. Because of this, in some cases, it is hard to predict where the flange's highest normal stress value will appear. In this paper, the shear lag effect on wide curved box sections is analyzed through parametric numerical analysis using the FEA software Dlubal RFEM 5, together with visual programming performed in Rhino Grasshopper. This study investigates the interaction of the shear lag effect and plane section hypothesis, which can be simplistically represented as a reduction in the impact of shear lag and the activation of a larger part of the flange of a wide-flange beam in the structural system of a continuous beam. The results suggest that for higher flange curvature and higher width to length ratio, this effect is more prominent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modules based on c-Si cells account for more than 90% of the photovoltaic capacity installed worldwide, which is why the analysis in this paper focusses on this cell type. This study provides an overview of the current state of silicon-based photovoltaic technology, the direction of further development and some market trends to help interested stakeholders make decisions about investing in PV technologies, and it can be an excellent incentive for young scientists interested in this field to find a narrower field of research. This analysis covers all process steps, from the production of metallurgical silicon from raw material quartz to the production of cells and modules, and it includes technical, economic and environmental aspects. The economic aspect calls for more economical production. The ecological aspect looks for ways to minimise the negative impact of cell production on the environment by reducing emissions and using environmentally friendly materials. The technical aspect refers to the state of development of production technologies that contribute to achieving the goals of the economic, environmental and sustainability-related aspects. This involves ways to reduce energy consumption in all process steps, cutting ingots into wafers with the smallest possible cutting width (less material waste), producing thin cells with the greatest possible dimensional accuracy, using cheaper materials and more efficient production. An extremely important goal is to achieve the highest possible efficiency of PV cells, which is achieved by reducing cell losses (optical, electrical, degradation). New technologies in this context are Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPcon), Interdigitated Back Contact Cells (IBCs), Heterojunction Cells (HJTs), Passivated Emitter Rear Totally Diffused cells (PERTs), silicon heterojunction cells (SHJs), Multi-Bush, High-Density Cell Interconnection, Shingled Cells, Split Cells, Bifacial Cells and others. The trend is also to increase the cell size and thus increase the output power of the module but also to reduce the weight of the module per kW of power. Research is also focused to maximise the service life of PV cells and minimise the degradation of their operating properties over time. The influence of shade and the increase in cell temperature on the operating properties should preferably be minimised. In this context, half-cut and third-cut cell technology, covering the cell surface with a layer that reduces soiling and doping with gallium instead of boron are newer technologies that are being applied. All of this leads to greater sustainability in PV technology, and solar energy becomes more affordable and necessary in the transition to a "green" economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to propose a model for the evaluation of the flow of goods delivered to urban centers based on a systematic approach, generating possible scenarios of delivery activities and selecting those criteria for evaluation that contributed to the development of delivery activities and their evaluation by individual stakeholders. The number of users of delivery services is increasing, which leads to an increase in the volume of goods in the city center, creating additional traffic congestion—so-called bottlenecks—which results in an increased noise level and the emission of harmful exhaust gases, increasing dissatisfaction with the quality of life of the city population. It is, therefore, necessary for decision-makers to make a decision that achieves the best consensus among stakeholders. A test was carried out in the city of Rijeka. Based on a review of the literature and the spatial planning of the city of Rijeka, this paper proposed the following possible scenarios for the delivery of goods within the city center: status quo, delivery from one consolidation center, delivery from two consolidation centers, delivery by environmentally friendly vehicles from one consolidation center and livability. The criteria were evaluated by relevant stakeholders to determine the weight of each criterion for the development of goods deliveries in the city center. This paper used a multi-actor multi-criteria analysis (MAMCA) based on the optimization and ranking of scenarios in accordance with the given objective, the research problem, the defined criteria and the interests of the stakeholders. The solution of the MAMCA analysis evaluated the scenario with two consolidation centers best in accordance with the specified optimization objective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As conservation tillage becomes one of the foundations of sustainable crop production, important questions arise about its value, which needs to be defined and evaluated. One of the most important indicators of soil compaction is penetration resistance (PR), which comes as a short-term response to the state of soil physics. The objective of this work is to compare different tillage treatments (TT) on soil compaction on silty clay loam Stagnosol and silt Gleysol in the continental part of Croatia. The research included three tillage treatments: ST—conventional tillage, CTD—deep conservation tillage, and CTS—shallow conservation tillage. PR was determined on each soil depth of 5 cm up to 80 cm, and measuring was provided on two measuring dates. The obtained results showed a higher influence of the year factor than TT. In the upper layers (up to 35 cm), PR values between TT were with significant differences, but in most cases below root-limiting critical values, while in deeper soil layers (35–80 cm), we found that penetration values on each tillage treatment begin to stabilize and smooth out in most cases, with similar dynamics on both soil types and measurement dates. In most of the cases, the highest PR was measured for conservation treatments in wetter soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the demand for the optimization of the technical factors of spraying for a greater area coverage and minimal drift, field tests were carried out to determine the interaction between the area coverage, number of droplets per cm2, droplet diameter, and drift. The studies were conducted with two different types of sprayers (axial and radial fan) in an apple orchard and a vineyard. The technical factors of the spraying interactions were nozzle type (ISO code 015, code 02, and code 03), working speed (6 and 8 km h−1), and spraying norm (250–400 L h−1). The airflow of both sprayers was adjusted to the plantation leaf mass and the working pressure was set for each repetition separately. A method using water-sensitive paper and a digital image analysis was used to collect data on coverage factors. The data from the field research were processed using four machine learning models: quantile random forest (QRF), support vector regression with radial basis function kernel (SVR), Bayesian Regularization for Feed-Forward Neural Networks (BRNN), and Ensemble Machine Learning (ENS). Nozzle type had the highest predictive value for the properties of number of droplets per cm2 (axial = 69.1%; radial = 66.0%), droplet diameter (axial = 30.6%; radial = 38.2%), and area coverage (axial = 24.6%; radial = 34.8%). Spraying norm had the greatest predictive value for area coverage (axial = 43.3%; radial = 26.9%) and drift (axial = 72.4%; radial = 62.3%). Greater coverage of the treated area and a greater number of droplets were achieved with the radial sprayer, as well as less drift. The accuracy of the machine learning model for the prediction of the treated surface showed a satisfactory accuracy for most properties (R2 = 0.694–0.984), except for the estimation of the droplet diameter for an axial sprayer (R2 = 0.437–0.503). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: One of the raising public health problems in the adolescent population is obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of obesity in the population of children of secondary school, age 15 to 19 years in Serbia and the determinate connection with demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their eating habits and physical activity. Methods: The research is part of the fourth National Population Health Survey conducted in 2019, which was conducted by the Republic Institute of Statistics, in cooperation with the Institute of Public Health of Serbia and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. As a research instrument, questionnaires were used in accordance with the methodology of the European Health Survey. For the purposes of this research, data on the adult population aged 15–19 and over were used. Results: The association of overweight with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics was examined using binary regression. In the univariate model, male gender (OR = 1.95), younger age (OR = 1.57) and Region of Vojvodina (OR = 2.47) stood out as significant predictors of overweight, which was confirmed by the multivariate model. Conclusions: The results of our study emphasize that the prevalence of obesity in the population of high school youth is at a significant level and that a lot more needs to be done to promote healthy lifestyles and raise awareness of their benefits on health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known substance that is found in food contact materials as an intentionally added as well as a non-intentionally added substance. Traces of BPA were found as a non-intentionally added substance in recycled PET (rPET). In 2023, the EFSA proposed a new TDI of 0.0002 µg/kg bw/d, which is lower than the previous (temporary) TDI of 4 µg/kg bw/d by a factor of 20,000. The TDI of 0.0002 µg/kg bw/d would translate for a default 60 kg person eating one kilogram of food into a migration limit of 0.012 µg/kg in the food. This very low migration limit is a challenge to measuring BPA levels in food. A solution is to use migration modeling to establish maximum concentrations in rPET for different food contact applications. Precise diffusion coefficients for BPA in PET were determined within this study by use of migration kinetics. In June 2024, the European Commission proposed a new migration threshold limit for BPA of 1 µg/kg, which should be understood as a detection limit. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that a BPA concentration in the PET bottle wall of 297 mg/kg (3% acetic acid), 255 mg/kg (10% ethanol), and 192 mg/kg (20% ethanol) after storage for 365 d at 25 °C is in compliance with the migration threshold limit of 1 µg/kg. These maximum concentrations are far above the measured BPA concentrations on rPET bottles in Europe between 2019 and 2023. Therefore, the new proposed migration threshold limit for BPA cannot be exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating earthwork costs is challenging due to the use of high-cost construction machines, the performance of works in dynamic, changing, and uncertain conditions, and the issues of machine actual productivity. In earthworks, there is a constant need to track, control, and analyze the progress to reduce costs. The management of machines' work on construction sites is complex due to an unknown or insufficiently accurate assessment of their actual productivity, and it relies heavily on the site manager's (in)experience. The cost-effectiveness of the contracted price for the operation of the machines may be questionable. This paper proposes a model for machine cost-effectiveness in earthworks. The proposed model consists of an Early warning system and Status of the previous work period. The Early warning system can provide timely and reliable detection of cost-effectiveness and profitability thresholds for excavators and tipper trucks during the excavation and material removal. The Status of the previous work period is time-dependent and provides a final assessment of the cost-effectiveness of excavators and tipper trucks for the past month or a more extended time. Applying the proposed model at the construction site of the infrastructure project demonstrated its practicality and purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water kefir is a product obtained through the fermentation of sucrose solution, usually with some kind of dried fruit addition, by a combined culture of micro-organisms which are contained within kefir grains. Its popularity is rising because of the simplicity of its preparation and its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, probiotic, and antibacterial effects. In this research, the water kefir production was studied in 250 mL jars, as well as in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor (HRTB). The first part of the research was conducted in smaller-scale (jars), wherein the optimal fruit and fruit portions were determined. These experiments included the addition of dried plums, apricots, raisins, dates, cranberries, papaya, and figs into 150 mL of initial sugar solution. Also, the optimal ratio between dried fruit and sucrose solution (0.2) at the beginning of the bioprocess was determined. The second part of this research was conducted using HRTB. The experiments in the HRTB were carried out by using different operational modes (constant or interval bioreactor rotation). A total of six different bioreactor setups were used, and in all experiments, figs were added at the beginning of the bioprocess (0.2 ratio between dried figs and sucrose solution). On the basis of the obtained results, the interval bioreactor rotation mode proved to be the better HRTB mode for the production of the water kefir, as the yield of the main fermentation products was higher, and their ratios were the most adequate for the quality of water kefir drink. The optimal results were obtained via HRTB setup 3/57 (3 min rotation, 57 min pause within 1 h) and rotation speed of 3 rpm. Furthermore, it is clear that HRTB has great potential for water kefir production due to the fact that HRTB experiments showed shorter fermentation times (at least five times) than water kefir production in jars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the research carried out in the field of processing systems and the production process of oil-hydraulic cylinders of large dimensions and power, the specifics of fluid power transmission, in the functioning of hydropower facilities, were analyzed. The research also includes the optimization of the physical–mathematical model of non-stationary processes, which take place inside the chamber of a large hydrocylinder. In parallel with the definition of the optimization model, the work parameters that affect the process of fluid flow and piston movement were determined. The operating and technological construction parameters of the hydraulic cylinder, which most significantly affect the operation of the hydraulic cylinder, were defined, and the observed parameters were optimized, based on which a prototype with improved characteristics compared to existing solutions was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two children aged 3 and 5 years who share identical TYR genotype, yet exhibit contrasting phenotypic manifestations in terms of eye, skin, and hair coloration. The patients are heterozygous for TYR c.1A>G, p. (Met1?), which is pathogenic, and homozygous for TYR c.1205G>A, p. (Arg402Gln), which is classified as a risk factor. The children manifested diminished visual acuity, nystagmus, and foveal hypoplasia. The first patient presented with hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and ocular tissues, while the second patient presented with hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid with dark brown irises. Furthermore, the brown-eyed subject presented astigmatic refractive error and both global and local stereopsis capabilities, contrasting with the presentation of hypermetropia, strabismus, and the absence of stereopsis in the blue-eyed individual. Herein, we propose a genotype–phenotype correlation model to elucidate the diverse clinical presentations stemming from biallelic and triallelic pathogenic variants in TYR, establishing a link between the residual tyrosinase activity and resultant phenotypes. According to our proposed model, the severity of TYR variants correlates with distinct albino phenotypes. Our findings propose the potential association between reduced pigmentation levels in ocular tissues and binocular functions, suggesting pigmentation as a possible independent variable influencing the onset of strabismus—an association unreported until now in the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into non-thermal wine processing technologies is constantly evolving due to the increasing trend towards high-quality, minimally processed, and preservative-free wines. Technologies such as high-power ultrasound, high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric field, ultra-high pressure homogenization, and, more recently, cold plasma are some of the best examples currently being explored. This article provides an overview of the latest scientific research into these five non-thermal technologies and their current status in relation to winemaking. By exploring the potential applications of these technologies, it becomes possible to enhance extraction, shorten maceration time, inactivate microorganisms and oxidative enzymes, reduce the addition of chemical additives, accelerate aging, improve wine quality, and much more. However, further experiments are necessary to better comprehend the short- and long-term impacts on the overall quality of the wines produced, especially in terms of sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance. Optimizing processing conditions and scaling up are also of paramount importance to ensure better performance of these technologies at the various stages of winemaking. Additionally, a combined technologies approach has been highlighted as one of the future directions to overcome the limitations of processing with a single technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton cultivation is resource-intensive, posing significant environmental challenges, especially with conventional farming methods. Growing interest in sustainable agriculture drives the exploration of organic farming as a potential alternative with lower environmental impacts. Despite its benefits, organic farming often faces criticism for lower crop yields, sparking debates on the trade-offs between productivity and environmental impact. This study hypothesizes that organic cotton farming will have a smaller environmental footprint and higher energy efficiency compared to conventional methods. To test this hypothesis, a cradle-to-farm gate energy analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) were conducted on both organic and conventional seed cotton production systems in the Beheira governorate of Egypt. The ReCiPe 2016 midpoint and endpoint characterization model was used for an environmental impact assessment. The impacts were evaluated using two functional units: one ton of seed cotton and one hectare of cultivated cotton. The findings revealed that organic cotton outperforms conventional cotton in net energy gain, efficiency, and profitability, with higher productivity and lower energy intensity. Regardless of the functional unit used (mass- or land-based), the assessed organic systems generally show a better environmental performance than the conventional systems in the local context, even when accounting for data uncertainty. This is due to lower input intensity and the use of less energy-intensive organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers. Fertilization and irrigation are key factors influencing environmental impacts, with fertilization affecting midpoint impacts and irrigation affecting endpoint impacts. Therefore, precision fertilization, efficient irrigation practices, and effective nutrient and soil moisture management are recommended to minimize environmental impacts. Subsequent studies could explore whether similar patterns are observed in different geographic regions and evaluate additional social and economic aspects of cotton sustainability beyond environmental impacts. Future agricultural LCAs should use both mass-based and area-based functional units to capture a broader range of environmental effects and evaluate the co-benefits and trade-offs between organic and conventional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Tonsillitis is common in children and is predominantly caused by viruses and, less frequently, by bacteria such as group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The treatment primarily involves supportive care; however, the overuse of antibiotics remains a concern due to rising antibiotic resistance. Probiotics, particularly Lactobacillus strains, have been shown to modulate immune responses, offering a potential alternative treatment. Materials and Methods: Our prospective single-arm, open-label study included 98 pediatric patients aged 5–15 years with recurrent throat and tonsil infections, from October 2022 to January 2023. Patients received lozenges containing heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5. Monthly follow-ups involved a comprehensive ear, nose, and throat examination, throat cultures, and recording the frequency of infections and antibiotic use. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: After three months, significant reductions were observed in the occurrences of nose and throat infections (p < 0.001), enlarged submandibular glands (p < 0.001), and positive throat cultures (p < 0.001). Antibiotic and corticosteroid prescriptions also significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Among children aged 5–10 years, significant improvements were noted in throat and tonsil infections (p < 0.001) and positive throat cultures (p = 0.012). Overall, there was a substantial reduction in school days missed (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The use of paraprobiotic Lactobacillus helveticus MIMLh5 lozenges significantly reduced the incidence of recurrent throat and tonsil infections in children, decreased the need for antibiotics and corticosteroids, and improved overall clinical outcomes without adverse effects. These findings support the use of paraprobiotic supplements as a safe and effective preventive measure for pediatric throat and tonsil infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, concrete structures are exposed to various influences, including explosive actions. With the increasing use of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), it is essential to investigate its response to blast effects. As there are few studies on this topic worldwide, this research is dedicated to the question of how blast effects affect the damage and properties of six different types of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. These samples differ in concrete classes (C30/37 and C50/60) and in the type of fibers added (steel and polypropylene). Visual inspections and non-destructive measurements are carried out before and after blasting. The damaged area of the concrete surface is determined by visual inspection, while non-destructive measurements evaluate parameters such as the rebound value of the Schmidt hammer, the electrical resistivity of the concrete, the velocity of the ultrasonic wave, and the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Equal amounts of explosives are applied to five of the RC slabs to enable a comparative analysis of the resulting damage. Based on the comparison of the measured data from these five RC slabs, conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of the explosive impacts on conventionally reinforced concrete slabs compared to those with added fibers. In addition, one of the RC slabs with steel fibers is exposed to approximately three times the amount of explosives to assess the extent of increased damage and to evaluate the suitability of military standards in the calculation of explosive charges for blasting RC elements with fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The logistics network is considered the provider of logistics activities in supply chains. The fluctuating requirements of customers and the logistics network's complex structure are only a few of the factors that cause challenges to its management. Industrial facilities are particularly vulnerable to challenges because material handling operations dominate in addition to manufacturing activities. Disruptions at industrial plants are disseminated through the logistics network, affecting all supply chain participants. As a result, reducing material handling time and costs to decrease material losses, pollution, and productivity is vital to their business. Due to their distinctive properties and significant share in finished goods, bulk materials are particularly vulnerable to issues during manufacturing. Accordingly, this study aims to rank and select technologies for handling bulk materials in an industrial plant where the production of construction materials is performed. This paper proposes four alternative solutions for the observed case study, and nine criteria were selected for the evaluation. A new hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model is proposed. The model combines Fuzzy Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA), used to determine the weight of criteria, and the Axial-Distance-Based Aggregated Measurement (ADAM) method, used to rank alternative solutions. The model results indicate that the pneumatic conveyor is the best ranked alternative that significantly increases productivity, reduces losses, and improves working conditions. The key contributions of this study are its analysis of the efficiency of the technologies proposed for bulk material handling and the development and implementation of a model framework for the ranking of these technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents an advanced exploration into the utilization of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) to achieve higher concentrations of polyphenols from Graševina grape pomace. Focusing on optimizing extraction parameters to maximize the yield of polyphenols, this study evaluates their potential industrial applications, particularly within the food and cosmetics sectors. The effectiveness of betaine/glucose (BGlc) NADESs in producing stable, ready-to-use extracts with enhanced bioavailability and eco-friendly attributes is underscored. The integration of UAE with BGlc NADESs has shown significant scalability and applicability for industrial use, as evidenced by the extracts' collagenase-inhibitory effects, determined using a ninhydrin-based colorimetric assay showing the significant inhibition of gelatine degradation and scratch tests on cultured skin cells, demonstrating enhanced cell migration and wound healing, indicating their potential in anti-aging cosmetic products. Additionally, the results from PAMPA tests demonstrated that NADES extraction significantly enhances the intestinal absorption of polyphenols from grape pomace extracts compared to conventional solvents, highlighting the potential of NADESs to improve the bioavailability of these compounds and offering promising implications for their application in the food industry. Furthermore, the research highlights the practicality of directly incorporating these extracts into products, such as anti-aging creams and functional foods, supporting sustainability initiatives within the cosmetic and food industries. This work aims to provide a comprehensive guide to green extraction techniques on a preparative scale, showcasing the versatility and innovative applications of NADES-extracted compounds across various industries, thereby paving the way for the development of eco-conscious and effective products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans and yet only a small portion of these oceans has been directly explored in detail, highlighting the need for powerful tools like remote sensing (RS) technology to bridge this gap. International frameworks, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and Ocean Decade point out the significance of marine areas for achieving sustainable growth. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of RS over marine areas for sustainable development to identify key contributors, collaboration networks, and evolving research themes from the beginning of the 21st century until last year. Using the Web of Science Core Collection database, 499 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2023 were identified. The bibliometric analysis showed a significant increase in scientific productivity related to the field. On an international level, China emerges as the most productive country, but international collaboration has played a crucial role, with 36.87% of articles resulting from international co-authorship, pointing to the global nature of research in this field. RS technology has continuously evolved from airborne sensors to the augmentation of Earth Observation missions. Our findings reveal a shift towards automated analysis and processing of RS data using machine learning techniques to integrate large datasets and develop robust scientific solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on digital soil organic carbon (SOC) mapping at regional or national scales in spatial resolutions up to 1 km using open data remote sensing sources, emphasizing its importance in achieving United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to hunger, climate action, and land conservation. The literature review was performed according to scientific studies indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection database since 2000. The analysis reveals a steady rise in total digital soil mapping studies since 2000, with digital SOC mapping studies accounting for over 20% of these studies in 2023, among which SDGs 2 (Zero Hunger) and 13 (Climate Action) were the most represented. Notably, countries like the United States, China, Germany, and Iran lead in digital SOC mapping research. The shift towards machine and deep learning methods in digital SOC mapping has surged post-2010, necessitating environmental covariates like topography, climate, and spectral data, which are cornerstones of machine and deep learning prediction methods. It was noted that the available climate data primarily restrict the spatial resolution of digital SOC mapping to 1 km, which typically requires downscaling to harmonize with topography (up to 30 m) and multispectral data (up to 10–30 m). Future directions include the integration of diverse remote sensing data sources, the development of advanced algorithms leveraging machine learning, and the utilization of high-resolution remote sensing for more precise SOC mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landscape surrounding a summer villa is, in a morphological and experiential sense, an inseparable part of the villa and its garden. This research examines the level of preservation of the historic landscapes of eight summer villas in Dubrovnik and the level of their integration into the urban fabric of the contemporary city. The research methods used include the analysis of the relevant scientific literature as well as the analysis and interpretation of graphic materials, i.e., cadastral maps from the second half of the 19th century, orthophoto maps, and spatial planning documentation. In this paper, the immediate landscape in close vicinity to the summer villas is defined as the protective zone of a summer villa (PZSV). Although the original use and extent of the summer villa landscapes have rarely been preserved, it is possible to establish PZSVs in order to preserve, i.e., reinterpret, the setting of the summer villas, which is necessary to experience them in their totality. This research establishes the general principles that enable the identification of three general models of transformation of the summer villa landscape. Furthermore, this research develops possible scenarios for the enhancement of the summer villa landscape based on the identified models. These models and scenarios are generally applicable in the context of the protection and enhancement of the summer villa landscapes in of the south of Croatia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the prevalent challenges posed by climate change and decreasing resources, this research underscores the importance of adopting sustainable agricultural practices combined with efficient water resource management. Employing comprehensive climate and soil suitability analyses, this research analyzed the capacity of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) to adapt to Lebanon's heterogeneous environmental landscapes across two distinct growing seasons (autumn and spring). Both climate and edaphic suitability mapping were conducted to study hemp's suitability. AquaCrop v.7.1 was used to simulate seed yield, biomass production, irrigation needs and yield water productivity in the different agro-homogeneous zones of Lebanon for the two considered seasons. The findings revealed that approximately 30% and 19% of Lebanon's land exhibit suitability for hemp cultivation during the spring and autumn seasons, respectively. According to AquaCrop model simulations, under the prevailing climatic conditions, the predicted seed yield will range from 3.7 to 5.6 t ha−1 under rainfed conditions and will reach 11.1 t ha−1 for irrigated cultivation. Moreover, employing efficient irrigation techniques during the spring season showed a significant improvement in both yield and biomass of hemp. The enhancement was evident, with notable increases of 112.22% in yield and 96.43% in biomass compared to rainfed conditions. This research highlights the importance of identifying suitable regions within Lebanon capable of supporting hemp cultivation in a sustainable manner. Such research not only promises economic development but also aligns with broader global sustainability objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the methodology for designing an asymmetrical four-phase 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM) that achieves approximately constant output power over a wide speed range is described. In an asymmetrical 8/6 SRM, orthogonal phase pairs are different in terms of the pole width and number of turns. The main comparison criterion between the asymmetrical and symmetrical 8/6 SRM is the power-speed characteristic, obtained for a given rated RMS phase current of the symmetrical drive. The obtained results demonstrate that the asymmetrical 8/6 SRM allows the shape of the power-speed characteristic to be modified, thereby extending the constant power region well beyond that of the symmetrical configuration with the same rated power level. To make a fair comparison between the asymmetrical and symmetrical 8/6 SRM drives, the converter volt-ampere rating, machine volume, slot fill factor, and ohmic losses per phase are kept constant in all analyzed cases. For determination of the optimal control parameters and maximal drive performance for both designs, the appropriate SRM mathematical model and differential evolution algorithm are used. The applied model includes all substantial non-linearities and mutual coupling between phases. The simulation results are verified using a Finite Element Method (FEM)-based model in the Ansys Electronics 2020 R2 software package. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Partially thrombosed aneurysms represent a subset primarily found within large and giant aneurysms. The presence of an intraluminal thrombus can cause an aneurysm to present in different shapes upon angiographic examination. We present a series of five cases of "donut-shaped" aneurysms observed over the past decade at the Clinic for Neurosurgery in the University Clinical Centre of Serbia. Materials and Methods: The management of "donut-shaped" aneurysms was accomplished through endovascular interventions, employing techniques such as the deployment of flow-diverting stents or a combination of stent placement and coil embolization. Results: Four out of five patients underwent endovascular treatment, yielding positive outcomes with complete thrombosis of the aneurysms during follow-up. The fifth patient was successfully diagnosed; however, due to their deteriorating condition, treatment was not feasible. Conclusions: Given the potential life-threatening complications associated with this entity, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial. In our cohort, endovascular interventions demonstrated efficacy in the majority of cases, underscoring the significance of this approach in treating "donut-shaped" aneurysms. Nevertheless, considering the rarity of this condition, further research is justified to refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these complex intracranial vascular anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the content of fatty acids and tocopherols in various components (pulp, seeds, peel) of avocado (Persea americana), which are often neglected as by-products. In addition, the effects of different drying processes on these components were investigated and the health benefits of the main fatty acids contained in avocados were highlighted. The samples were subjected to three drying processes: hot air (HAD), vacuum (VD), and hot-air microwave (HAMD). In all parts of fresh avocado, oleic acid was the most abundant (41.28–57.93%), followed by palmitic acid (19.90–29.45%) and linoleic acid (8.44–14.95%). Drying led to a significant reduction in the oleic acid content, with palmitic acid showing the greatest stability. HAD resulted in higher levels of oleic acid and linoleic acid in dried pulp and peel samples compared with VD and HAMD, while HAMD had the highest content of α-linolenic acid in all parts. In addition, HAMD had the shortest drying time. HAMD duration was 35 min, which was 76.7% shorter than HAD (150 min) and 82.5% shorter than VD (200 min). Considering fatty acid retention and drying efficiency, HAMD appears to have been the most effective method, especially for the avocado peel. Remarkably, the avocado peel consistently contained higher total tocopherol, with δ-tocopherol generally being the most abundant form. The high content of tocopherols, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in the avocado peel suggests promising health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Surface tracking based on optical cameras is often used to reduce the imaging dose while maintaining precision during stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. A region of interest (ROI) on a patient's skin is selected and monitored using harmless visible light in real time. Relying on the correlation between the skin and lesion respiratory motion, this region of interest is used as a surrogate for the tumor respiratory motion. In this study, the thoracic and abdominal skin region is segmented into nine smaller regions. For each of them, the respiratory motion magnitude and its correlation with a small structure in the lower lung (representing a lung lesion) are measured. Using the data provided by this study, a clinician can make an informed decision about which ROI to track when treating lower lung lobe lesions. Image-guided radiotherapy supported by surface guidance can help to track lower lung lesions' respiratory motion while reducing a patient's exposure to ionizing radiation. However, it is not always clear how the skin's respiratory motion magnitude and its correlation with the lung lesion's respiratory motion vary between different skin regions of interest (ROI). Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images provide information on both the skin and lung respiratory motion and are routinely acquired for the purpose of treatment planning in our institution. An analysis of 4DCT images for 57 patients treated in our institution has been conducted to provide information on the respiratory motion magnitudes of nine skin ROIs of the torso, a tracking structure (TS) representing a lower lung lobe lesion, as well as the respiratory motion correlations between the nine ROIs and the TS. The effects of gender and the adipose tissue volume and distribution on these correlations and magnitudes have been analyzed. Significant differences between the ROIs in both the respiratory motion magnitudes and their correlations with the TS have been detected. An overall negative correlation between the ROI respiratory magnitudes and the adipose tissue has been detected for ROIs with rib cage support. A weak to moderate negative correlation between the adipose tissue volume and ROI-to-TS respiratory correlations has been detected for upper thorax ROIs. The respiratory magnitudes in regions without rib support tend to be larger for men than for women, but no differences in the ROI-to-TS correlation between sexes have been detected. The described findings should be considered when choosing skin surrogates for lower lung lesion motion management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]