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Simple Summary: Glaucoma is a common and devastating eye disease in dogs, resulting in pain and blindness if not treated promptly and appropriately. Primary glaucoma develops when the pressure inside the eye (IOP) is elevated in the absence of other diseases inside the eye; it is the most common form of glaucoma in dogs and is reported in many canine breeds (genetic predisposition). The main trigger for glaucoma is IOP elevation, but there are other important contributing factors, such as inflammation inside the eye. Here, we summarize all the evidence that links inflammation to primary glaucoma in dogs. A better understanding will allow clinicians to better manage primary glaucoma in dogs and scientists to examine newer therapeutic targets for improved clinical outcomes. Primary glaucoma is a painful, progressive, and blinding disease reported in many canine breeds, characterized by intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in the absence of antecedent intraocular disease. Clinical observations of dogs with primary glaucoma suggest that many affected eyes develop concurrent intraocular inflammation in addition to elevated IOP. In this work, we summarize the current knowledge that relates inflammation to primary glaucoma in dogs, reviewing studies focused on genetics, physiology, histopathology, bioanalysis of ocular fluids, therapeutics, and clinical outcomes of glaucomatous patients. Through disruption of the blood–aqueous and blood–retinal barriers, pigment dispersion, and biochemical changes to the aqueous humor and tear film, the pathogenesis of canine primary glaucoma appears to involve inflammatory changes to various extents and with various consequences from the front to the back of the eye. Among others, inflammation further impacts IOP by reducing aqueous humor outflow at the level of the iridocorneal angle and accelerates vision loss by promoting neuronal degeneration. As such, the vicious cycle of ocular inflammation and IOP elevation might warrant the use of anti-inflammatory medications as a core component of the treatment regime for dogs with primary glaucoma, either therapeutically (i.e., actively glaucomatous eye) or prophylactically in the yet unaffected contralateral eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leptospirosis has been reported in both humans and animals in Israel but has not been reported in horses. In 2018, an outbreak of Leptospira spp. serogroup Pomona was reported in humans and cattle in Israel. In horses, leptospirosis may cause equine recurrent uveitis (ERU). This report describes the first identification of Leptospira serogroup Pomona as the probable cause of ERU in horses in Israel, followed by an epidemiological investigation of equine exposure in the area. Serologic exposure to Leptospira was determined by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using eight serovars. In 2017, serovar Pomona was identified in a mare with signs of ERU. Seven of thirteen horses from that farm were seropositive for serogroup Pomona, of which three had signs of ERU. During the same time period, 14/70 horses from three other farms were positive for serogroup Pomona. In 2015, two years prior to this diagnosis, 259 horses from 21 farms were sampled and one horse tested seropositive for serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. In 2018, one year later, 337 horses were sampled on 29 farms, with none testing seropositive. Although horses are not considered a major host of Leptospira spp., it appears that horses may be infected, and clinically affected, in the course of an outbreak in other species. The identification of leptospirosis in stabled horses may impose a significant zoonotic risk to people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]