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Public utilities are rarely registered in land administration systems, and these records have no legal value in those cases where they are registered. Therefore, ownership of public utilities is not recorded in the land administration system, which in turn prevents the possibility of registering mortgages. In this paper, data on utility infrastructure were collected from the Croatian Utility Cadaster and the Land Book to analyze the registration of the legal status of utility infrastructure and the completeness of the utility registration of public utilities. Two approaches to linking utility infrastructure charges to cadastral parcels are analyzed for their advantages and disadvantages. One approach is logical linking, where the charges are directly linked to the cadastral parcels, and the other approach is spatial linking, where the charges are registered separately and then linked to the cadastral parcels. The possibilities of modeling public utilities with LADM were investigated using the proposed model for the complete registration of public utilities. The proposed model was then evaluated for the registration of the legal status of public utilities with the collected data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public utilities, such as electricity, water, heat, oil, gas, and electronic communication, are a vital component of every modern society. With rising urbanisation, more complex buildings and infrastructure, underground and overground construction, as well as a limited amount of space in such areas, the proper registration of utilities has become more important than ever. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the research topic of public utilities' registration. On publications retrieved from the Scopus database concerned with the topic of public utilities in land administration a bibliometric performance analysis and a scientific mapping analysis were conducted. A total of 241 publications containing the keyword 'utilities' or 'infrastructure', together with the keyword 'cadastre' or 'land administration', in their titles, abstracts, or keywords were selected for this research. The outcomes of the performed analysis were also compared with the outcomes of analysis of publications concerned with land administration research in general. Our results revealed that research conducted on the topic of public utilities registration has increased but is still rare compared to the research conducted on land administration in general. Our results also showed the importance of the development of three-dimensional cadastres, as well as standard models, such as the ISO standard Land Administration Domain Model, for including utilities in land administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land administration (LA) is concerned with processes. Simply put, LA cannot be understood, built, or improved unless the processes associated with it are understood. When it comes to the processes involved in LA, two general processes can be identified, namely registration and dissemination. Nowadays, processes are implemented electronically; however, paper-based thinking is still present, and the performance of processes is impeded by siloed data management. These issues could be addressed through the employment of standards such as the Land Administration Domain Model. Processes are not yet part of the standard, but their inclusion in future extensions is planned. Moreover, a literature analysis indicated that there is no standardized methodology or model available for describing LA processes. Consequently, we modeled one part of land administration processes, namely data dissemination, by developing a methodology and model to describe it. The methodology was developed with the goal of providing guidelines for other researchers when modeling use cases of data dissemination processes by enabling comparisons of models, searching for best practices, and developing standardized process models. Additionally, the methodology was tested on a conceptual use case to prove its viability. Furthermore, a model based on conceptual modeling and an activity-centric process modeling approach was developed and linked to existing classes of the Land Administration Domain Model. The organizational and technological challenges which might arise when improving data dissemination processes are discussed, and possible outcomes of the developed methodology and model are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing land administration systems is enough of a challenge as it is, and the task of keeping the system up to date with developments in society is even more challenging. They have to serve society on a long-term basis and normally have a long-term return on investment; therefore, both the static and dynamic components of the system must be considered when designing land administration systems. The processes within land administration systems are registration and dissemination. In this study, the authors formalized and analyzed the two most common use cases of land administration data dissemination processes. The first use case depicts the dissemination of land use constraints imposed by spatial planning, whereas the second case depicts the dissemination of available utilities. The aim of this study was to examine how the land administration data dissemination processes could be optimized and improved in a standardized formal manner. From the formalized processes, certain elements, such as actors, activities, input and output data, and the timeframe, were identified and matched with existing LADM classes. The importance of institutional agreements and the need for more time-efficient and user-friendly access to the disseminated data are also discussed in the current paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, more than half of the world's population lives in urban areas, and this percentage is increasing every day. Accelerated urbanization leads to overbuilding, air and environmental pollution, climate change, and various other environmental problems. One of the ways to solve these problems is the planning of green infrastructure (GI). The development of GI brings a number of social, ecological, and economic benefits, and it is one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, it is important to include GI in land management systems. This study used VOSviewer to analyze 4385 published papers in the field of GI and 110 studies on GI in combination with land management, land administration, LADM, and land use planning from the WoS database for the periods from 1995 to 2022 and from 2007 to 2022, respectively. The current research used the bibliometric method to see what the trends are in GI and how much GI has been researched for the purpose of land management. It was shown that researchers are giving more and more importance to GI, but GI in land management systems is still not sufficiently researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A systematic approach to the establishment of the Franciscan Cadastre, which has been performed in most Central European countries, has resulted in the following documents: cadastral maps, cadastral municipality boundary demarcation records, lists of land parcels, lists of building parcels and lists of possessors. The documentation, which is stored in various archives, is digitized and made available to users through catalogs. The availability of documentation was examined in this study using three services in the catalogs--discovery, view and download--of which the largest percentage of documents is available through the discovery service. Documents that are available through the discovery service are described by the metadata standards. In this study, we examined the applicability of geographic information metadata standards and metadata standards to archival documentation in catalogs in which cadastral documentation was found. We determined a lack of application of geoinformation metadata standards, as it was a cadastral dataset, which represented one of the fundamental spatial datasets. The semantic mapping of elements between the applied standards in the catalogs and the geoinformation metadata standard (ISO 19115) showed that it was possible to apply the ISO 19115 standard to documents resulting from the establishment of the cadastre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theodolites are fundamental geodetic measuring instruments for all practical geodetic tasks, as well as for experimental geodetic scientific purposes. Their development has a long history. Photo and video theodolites represent the advanced development of classic theodolites. Development started in 19th century, but only in the last 15 years has commercial application been achieved in the geodetic profession. The latest development, called image-assisted total stations (IATS), is a theodolite which consists of a classic robotic total station (RTS) with integrated image sensors. It was introduced in the early 2000s. With the development of theodolites, their application became much wider; today, they can be used for structural and geo-monitoring, i.e., for the determination of static and dynamic displacements and deformations of civil engineering structures such as bridges, dams, wind turbines, and high buildings, as well as natural structures, such as mountain slopes. They can be implemented in geodetic monitoring systems, which are an integral part of engineering structural diagnosis, and they provide essential information about the current condition of the structure. This paper describes the technological development of photo and video theodolites divided into phases according to the main innovations in their development. The application of modern video theodolites (i.e., IATS) is presented through several experimental studies that were performed. The procedure of conducting measurements with this kind of instrument, as well as the analysis of acquired data and achieved results, is elaborated. Lastly, the authors conclude, according to the achieved results, that IATS can today be used for determination of quasi-static and dynamic displacements with small and high amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragmented agricultural land raises the costs of agricultural production. The land fragmentation manifests as a large number of relatively small and spatially divided land parcels of each owner. Additionally, the parcels are often very irregular in shape, which hinders an effective application of modern agricultural machinery. A land consolidation procedure, i.e., regrouping and merging partitioned agricultural land into larger andmore regular parcels, and simultaneously arranging road and canal networks, enables a significant improvement in the conditions of agricultural production. The basis for conducting land consolidation is the legal framework. Multi-annual and annual plans are to specify priority areas for conducting consolidation. These plans should take into consideration the costs and benefits of land consolidation. To ascertain this, it is necessary to determine areas suitable for consolidation and express their qualitative features in a quantitative manner. The aim of this paper is to explore possibilities of using the official register's data to broad selection of land consolidation priority areas. To rank the chosen spatial units, various indicators have been selected and calculated at the state level. Multi-criteria analyses are commonly used as a tool for selection of the optimal solution scenario, using possibly conflicting indicators andmeasures. The paper used three differentmulti-criteriamethods to determine Cadastral municipalities rankings. These rankings could be used by national agricultural or other spatial planning agencies to increase transparency and effectiveness through information-based decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the laws and other legal acts related to the Croatian 3D cadastre with an emphasis on those which relate to interests in strata, spatial planning, and other regulations that are valid or were valid on Croatian territory. The effects of the application of these regulations on the present situation of registration in cadastre and land register were considered. This paper also explores current legal, institutional, and technical solutions implemented in the Croatian Land Administration System and the possibilities for its upgrade to 3D cadastre. Implementation of any technological option to establish a 3D cadastre is tightly related to legislation. Hence, legislation and technological options are considered to find solutions that will be possible to implement. One suggestion presented in this paper was to use other sources of 3D data such as topographic signs or symbols used to represent topographic objects on 2D maps. In combination with other geodetic and cartographic products, useful information can be obtained, often quite relevant to provide a reference context for a 3D cadastre. Topographic signs on topographic maps and on other geodetic products provide a representation of complex real-world situations (tunnels, bridges, overpasses etc.) that are not usually presented on cadastral maps. This paper presents the possibility of utilizing those topographic signs to achieve the first steps towards establishing a 3D cadastre. Furthermore, this study proposes the establishment of a 3D Multipurpose Land Administration System as the most efficient system of land administration in a time when spatial information is easier to obtain than ever before and traditional real estate registers are subject to frequent and demanding changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the summer period, fire hazards represent an especially real threat not only for vegetation and animals, but also for material resources and human lives. In the Republic of Croatia, the most affected areas are those in the coastal region, which are characterised by a very dry environment and strong winds that are conducive to the rapid spread of wildfire. Although the prevention of wildfire is an utmost imperative, many countries are still missing a good and reliable fire management system for both fire monitoring and prevention and post-disaster management. The aim of this paper is to show the utilisation of open source GIS, web-based technologies, and open data in the case of natural disasters, and to define the concept of advanced national system of compensation determination. Such a system could be utilised to identify land parcels for which compensations for damage and losses after fire devastation have to be determined and could be used by compensation agencies, insurance companies, or state administration. The island of Hvar, which has suffered from fire hazards, was used as a case study for a quick and relevant calculation of the compensation based on land administration data. Sentinel satellite images and official digital orthophoto maps (DOMs) of the affected area before and after the fire devastation were obtained and analysed together with the data on cadastral parcels and land owners. Research was conducted by using both sets of imagery data, showing that Sentinel satellite images are more than adequate for fulfilling the task of the determination of hazard compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]