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The high power-conversion efficiencies of hybrid perovskite solar cells encourage many researchers. However, their limited photostability represents a serious obstacle to the commercialization of this promising technology. Herein, we present an efficient method for improving the intrinsic photostability of a series of commonly used perovskite material formulations such as MAPbI3, FAPbI3, Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3, and Cs0.10MA0.15FA0.75PbI3 through modification with octenidine dihydroiodide (OctI2), which is a widely used antibacterial drug with two substituted pyridyl groups and two cationic centers in its molecular framework. The most impressive stabilizing effects were observed in the case of FAPbI3 and Cs0.12FA0.88PbI3 absorbers that were manifested in significant suppression or even blocking of the undesirable perovskite films' recrystallization and other decomposition pathways upon continuous 110 mW/cm2 light exposure. The achieved material photostability—within 9000 h for the Oct(FA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n = 40–400) and 20,000 h for Oct(Cs0.12FA0.88)n−1PbnI3n+1 (where n = 40–400) formulations—matches the highest values ever reported for complex lead halides. It is important to note that the stabilizing effect is maintained when OctI2 is used only as a perovskite surface-modifying agent. Using a two-cation perovskite composition as an example, we showed that the performances of the solar cells based on the developed Oct(Cs0.12FA0.88)399Pb400I1201 absorber material are comparable to that of the reference devices based on the unmodified perovskite composition. These findings indicate a great potential of the proposed approach in the design of new highly photostable and efficient light absorbers. We believe that the results of this study will also help to establish important guidelines for the rational material design to improve the operational stability of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review contains a comparative analysis of studies on the production of hydrogen and syngas based on the processes of partial oxidation of natural gas and other types of gas feedstock. The results presented in the literature show the high potential of non-catalytic autothermal processes of partial oxidation of hydrocarbons for the development of gas chemistry and energetics. The partial oxidation of hydrocarbons makes it possible to overcome such serious shortcomings of traditional syngas production technologies as technological complexity and high energy and capital intensity. The features of non-catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbon gases, the obtained experimental results and the results of kinetic modeling of various options for the implementation of the process, which confirm the adequacy of the kinetic mechanisms used for the analysis, are considered in detail. Examples of industrial implementation of processes based on partial oxidation and proposed alternative options for its organization are considered. Designs of reactors used to ensure stable conversion of rich mixtures of hydrocarbons with an oxidizer are presented. The possibility of obtaining other chemical products by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of the literature data indicates a wide front of research and development in the field of the use of methane–hydrogen mixtures as a promising environmentally friendly low-carbon fuel. The conclusion of most works shows that the use of methane–hydrogen mixtures in internal combustion engines improves their performance and emission characteristics. The most important aspect is the concentration of hydrogen in the fuel mixture, which affects the combustion process of the fuel and determines the optimal operating conditions of the engine. When using methane–hydrogen mixtures with low hydrogen content, the safety measures and risks are similar to those that exist when working with natural gas. Serious logistical problems are associated with the difficulties of using the existing gas distribution infrastructure for transporting methane–hydrogen mixtures. It is possible that, despite the need for huge investments, it will be necessary to create a new infrastructure for the production, storage and transportation of hydrogen and its mixtures with natural gas. Further research is needed on the compatibility of pipeline materials with hydrogen and methane–hydrogen mixtures, safety conditions for the operation of equipment operating with hydrogen or methane–hydrogen mixtures, as well as the economic and environmental feasibility of using these energy carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high power-conversion efficiencies of hybrid perovskite solar cells encourage many researchers. However, their limited photostability represents a serious obstacle to the commercialization of this promising technology. Herein, we present an efficient method for improving the intrinsic photostability of a series of commonly used perovskite material formulations such as MAPbI 3 , FAPbI 3 , Cs 0.12 FA 0.88 PbI 3 , and Cs 0.10 MA 0.15 FA 0.75 PbI 3 through modification with octenidine dihydroiodide ( OctI 2 ), which is a widely used antibacterial drug with two substituted pyridyl groups and two cationic centers in its molecular framework. The most impressive stabilizing effects were observed in the case of FAPbI 3 and Cs 0.12 FA 0.88 PbI 3 absorbers that were manifested in significant suppression or even blocking of the undesirable perovskite films' recrystallization and other decomposition pathways upon continuous 110 mW/cm 2 light exposure. The achieved material photostability-within 9000 h for the Oct(FA) n-1 Pb n I 3n+1 (n = 40-400) and 20,000 h for Oct(Cs 0.12 FA 0.88 ) n-1 Pb n I 3n+1 (where n = 40-400) formulations-matches the highest values ever reported for complex lead halides. It is important to note that the stabilizing effect is maintained when OctI 2 is used only as a perovskite surface-modifying agent. Using a two-cation perovskite composition as an example, we showed that the performances of the solar cells based on the developed Oct(Cs 0.12 FA 0.88 ) 399 Pb 400 I 1201 absorber material are comparable to that of the reference devices based on the unmodified perovskite composition. These findings indicate a great potential of the proposed approach in the design of new highly photostable and efficient light absorbers. We believe that the results of this study will also help to establish important guidelines for the rational material design to improve the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.