325 results on '"Silva, Carlos A."'
Search Results
2. LMI-Based MPC Design Applied to the Single-Phase PWM Inverter with LC Filter under Uncertain Parameters.
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Andrea, Cristiano Quevedo, Batista, Edson Antonio, Pereira, Luís Felipe da Silva Carlos, de Brito, Moacyr Aureliano Gomes, and de Souza, Gustavo Vargas
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PULSE width modulation inverters ,HORIZON ,MATRIX inequalities ,CONVEX programming ,ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking ,LINEAR matrix inequalities - Abstract
This work proposes a design methodology for predictive control applied to the single-phase PWM inverter with an LC filter. In the design, we considered that the PWM inverter has parametric uncertainties in the filter inductance and output load resistance. The control system purpose is to track a sinusoidal signal at the inverter output. The designed control system with an embedded integrator uses the principle of receding horizon control, which underpinned predictive control. The methodology was described by linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved efficiently using convex programming techniques, and the optimal solution is obtained. MATLAB-Simulink and real-time FPGA-in-the-loop simulations illustrate the viability of the proposed control system. The LMI-based MPC reveals an effective performance for tracking of a sinusoidal reference signal and disturbance rejection of input voltage and load perturbations for the inverter subject to uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Using Urban Building Energy Models for the Development of Sustainable Island Energy Systems.
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Cevallos-Sierra, Jaime, Pinto Gonçalves, Afonso, and Santos Silva, Carlos
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CLEAN energy ,ENERGY development ,SUSTAINABLE development ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems ,ENERGY consumption ,BUILDING-integrated photovoltaic systems ,COMMERCIAL buildings - Abstract
This study evaluates the use of City Energy Analyst, an urban building energy modelling tool, to design zero-carbon energy communities in low-industry isolated island settings. The research aims to test the effectiveness of the software during the development of sustainable energy systems in isolated microgrids and compares it with the widely used tool EnergyPLAN. The goal of the study focused on making a community self-sustainable, considering the rooftop area available in the populated settlements to install photovoltaic systems and distributed storage capacity. With this purpose in mind, the evaluated tool estimated the energy consumption of each building and the respective total annual consumption of Corvo Island, a location that is naturally isolated and dependent on fossil fuels. The results demonstrated that City Energy Analyst is an innovative tool to estimate energy consumption and potential energy generation of photovoltaic systems in a remote location, providing additional features to a traditional model and motivating further development of the associated plug-in. However, it requires initial time-consuming efforts to build a reliable model. As a complement, EnergyPLAN can be used to enhance the design, with the integration of the local existing and potential generation sources and to confirm the stability of the overall energy system. This tool introduced additional wind capacity and centralized storage into the model, testing the balance of the system. Therefore, the study proposes a framework combining the strengths of both tools to measure island energy systems, as they can complement each other, to build a strong analysis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. CLIMAEXTREMO: A New Risk Indicator for the Health Risk to Building Occupants during Extreme Weather Events in Portugal.
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Silva, Carlos Santos, Fernandes, Diana Vieira, Gomes, Ricardo, Costa, Francisco Pires, Pinto, Ligia, Scuri, Sabrina, Brito, Andre, Nunes, Baltazar, and Silva, Susana Pereira
- Abstract
Portugal is the country in Europe where the death rate in winter and summer has the highest correlation with outdoor temperatures. The Portuguese National Institute of Public Health Ricardo Jorge has developed a national warning system for heat waves called ICARO, which has been in place since 1999 (and is the oldest in Europe). However, it presents some limitations, namely, the low spatial resolution (five regions in Portugal's mainland), the low temporal forecasting period (one day), and the fact that it was only accessible to health authorities until very recently. This work describes the development of a new public dashboard that uses a new early warning index for extreme weather events, the CLIMAEXTREMO index, which extends the current warning system by improving the current forecasting models for risk by integrating new sources of public data and increasing the spatial and time resolution of the warnings to the municipality or the parish level. The new index is a combination of a new model to estimate the relative mortality increase (updating the model used in ICARO) together with a model of the indoor temperature of building archetypes for all municipalities and a vulnerability index that considers socio-demographic economic indicators. This work discusses the results of the new risk indicator for the heat waves that occurred in Portugal at the end of June and mid-August 2023, and it shows that the index was able to indicate a high risk for the municipalities that had an increase in the number of deaths during that period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Regressive and Spatio-Temporal Accessibility of Variability in Solar Energy on a Short Scale Measurement in the Southern and Mid Region of Mozambique.
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Mucomole, Fernando Venâncio, Silva, Carlos Augusto Santos, and Magaia, Lourenço Lázaro
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SOLAR oscillations , *SCALING (Social sciences) , *NONLINEAR regression , *ELECTRIC power production , *POTENTIAL energy - Abstract
Solar energy reaching a horizontal surface can possess fluctuations that impact electricity generation at a solar plant. Despite this, energy access remains inadequate, particularly in rural areas, with an estimated 82% deficiency. This drives us to assess the regressive and spatial-temporal accessibility of solar energy in the southern and mid regions of Mozambique. This evaluation aims to determine the actual availability of energy for electrification purposes. Data on global horizontal irradiation from approximately 8 stations across all provinces in the specified regions, collected between 2012 and 2014 at intervals of 1 and 10 min, were analyzed using regression and correlation methods along with a specialized algorithm for classifying days based on clear sky index terms. The statistical analysis identified days with significant potential for energy accessibility, exceeding 50% of the average. The findings suggest a correlation coefficient of approximately 0.30 for energy and non-linear regression with clear sky index coefficients around 0.80. The method employed demonstrated accuracy when compared to theoretical simulations of the clear sky index in the region, indicating its potential applicability in other regions of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Empirical Correlation between Electrical Conductivity and Nitrogen Content in Biochar as Influenced by Pyrolysis Temperature.
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Morais, Everton Geraldo de, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Gao, Suduan, Melo, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo, Lago, Bruno Cocco, Teodoro, Jéssica Cristina, and Guilherme, Luiz Roberto Guimarães
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ELECTRIC conductivity ,NITROGEN ,BIOCHAR ,POULTRY manure ,PYROLYSIS ,CHICKENS - Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the conditions of biochar production related to biochar properties and carbon (C). Still, very little knowledge has been gained regarding the effects on nitrogen (N), one of the most critical nutrients affected by pyrolysis temperature (PT). Analysis of N in biochar is costly, and alternative methods should be developed to estimate the N content in biochar quickly under different pyrolysis conditions. We hypothesized that there was a correlation between biochar N content and its electrical conductivity (EC). We aimed to evaluate total N and the effect of PT through the correlation with EC, a parameter that can be easily measured. Biochar products derived from coffee husk (CH) and chicken manure (CM) produced at increasing PT (300 to 750 °C) were used for the study and measured for total N and EC. The increase in PT caused significant N loss, consequently reducing total N content in biochars, with the highest loss (82%) and lowest total N content (1.2 g kg
−1 ) found in CM biochar pyrolyzed at 750 °C. The lowest N loss (21% for CH biochar and 36% for CM biochar) was observed at a PT of 300 °C. A negative correlation between EC and total N and a positive correlation with N loss were found in both biochar products across the wide range of PT investigated. To preserve the N content in biochars, the PT should not exceed 400 °C. Our results indicate that EC is a fast and accurate biochar proxy attribute capable of predicting the N content and its loss in coffee husk and chicken manure-derived biochars as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 750 °C and could be used as an alternative to predict the N in biochar easily. A more extensive set of biochar samples and pyrolysis conditions should be tested to validate this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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7. Biochar–Nitrogen Composites: Synthesis, Properties, and Use as Fertilizer for Maize.
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Mota, Caio Pereira and Silva, Carlos Alberto
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BIOCHAR ,SOIL moisture ,CORN growth ,DIAMMONIUM phosphate ,OXISOLS ,NITRIFICATION - Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is highly reactive and prone to being easily lost into the air and soil water. Biochar–N composites have proven effective in nourishing and improving maize growth. The aim of this study was to synthesize and assess the properties of composites made from biochars (pyrolyzed at 300 °C) derived from chicken manure (N = 3.5%) and leguminous cake (N = 9%) and enriched with ammonium sulfate (AS), urea, and diammonium phosphate (DAP). The biochar pH was adjusted to approximately 6 using sulfuric and phosphoric acids prior to formulating the six tested composites. Maize was cultivated for 50 days under greenhouse conditions, with evaluations of the maize dry matter (DM) and N in the plant shoot. The biochar and composite properties underwent scrutiny for chemical and physicochemical attributes, as well as for soluble N in water and in an HCl solution. Throughout maize cultivation, the release of N as ammonium and nitrate from the composites and pure biochars in the Oxisol solution was successively assessed. Composites formulated with DAP and supplied at a dose of 270 mg kg
−1 N yielded the same maize dry matter as composites in which 400 mg kg−1 N was supplied to plants. Regardless of the N source, at the end of maize cultivation, the residual N in the Oxisol was reduced and inadequate for a new cultivation, even in soils treated with urea. Notably, the biochar–N composites, particularly those formulated with DAP, were as effective as urea in nourishing and promoting robust maize growth. In contrast, the maize biomass was lower for plants fertilized with pure biochars, indicating that the N from the carbonized matrices was insufficient for optimal biomass production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. On the Enhancement of Material Formability in Hybrid Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing.
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Pragana, João P. M., Brito, Beatriz, Bragança, Ivo M. F., Silva, Carlos M. A., and Martins, Paulo A. F.
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DIGITAL image correlation ,SEMICONDUCTOR manufacturing ,METALWORK ,STAINLESS steel ,STRENGTH of materials ,TENSILE tests - Abstract
This paper is focused on improving material formability in hybrid wire-arc additive manufacturing comprising metal forming stages to produce small-to-medium batches of customized parts. The methodology involves fabricating wire arc additive manufactured AISI 316L stainless steel parts subjected to mechanical and thermal processing (MTP), followed by microhardness measurements, tensile testing with digital image correlation, as well as microstructure and microscopic observations. Results show that mechanical processing by pre-straining followed by thermal processing by annealing can reduce material hardness and strength, increase ductility, and eliminate anisotropy by recrystallizing the as-built dendritic-based columnar grain microstructure into an equiaxed grain microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Strength Training Protects High-Fat-Fed Ovariectomized Mice against Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis.
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Santos, Jessica D. M., Silva, José F. T., Alves, Ester dos S., Cruz, Alessandra G., Santos, Anne R. M., Camargo, Felipe N., Talarico, Carlos H. Z., Silva, Carlos A. A., and Camporez, João Paulo
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MICE ,INSULIN resistance ,FATTY liver ,STRENGTH training ,INSULIN ,INSULIN sensitivity ,FAT ,NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Abstract
Menopause is characterized by a reduction in sex hormones in women and is associated with metabolic changes, including fatty liver and insulin resistance. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and physical exercise, are necessary to prevent these undesirable changes. Strength training (ST) has been widely used because of the muscle and metabolic benefits it provides. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of ST on hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) divided into four groups as follows: simulated sedentary surgery (SHAM-SED), trained simulated surgery (SHAM-EXE), sedentary ovariectomy (OVX-SED), and trained ovariectomy (OVX-EXE). They were fed an HFD for 9 weeks. ST was performed thrice a week. ST efficiently reduced body weight and fat percentage and increased lean mass in OVX mice. Furthermore, ST reduced the accumulation of ectopic hepatic lipids, increased AMPK phosphorylation, and inhibited the de novo lipogenesis pathway. OVX-EXE mice also showed a better glycemic profile, associated with greater insulin sensitivity identified by the euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp, and reduced markers of hepatic oxidative stress compared with sedentary animals. Our data support the idea that ST can be indicated as a non-pharmacological treatment approach to mitigate metabolic changes resulting from menopause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Diabetic Nephropathy, Retinopathy, and Functional Hypogonadism in a Patient with MODY10: A Case Report.
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Ruiz-Urbaez, Rossana, Villagómez-Estrada, Mariela Viviana, Reyes-Silva, Carlos, Quishpe-López, Darlyng, Males-Maldonado, David, Salazar-Vega, Jorge, and Gea-Izquierdo, Enrique
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MATURITY onset diabetes of the young ,DIABETIC nephropathies ,TYPE 1 diabetes ,DIABETIC retinopathy ,GLYCEMIC control ,HYPOGONADISM - Abstract
(1) Background and objectives: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of diabetes caused by gene defects related to insulin secretion. MODY1, MODY2, and MODY3 are the most common and account for approximately 80% of all cases. Other types are relatively rare. This study describes the clinical, analytical, and genetic characteristics of a patient with MODY10, and diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and functional hypogonadism diagnosis. (2) Materials and methods: A clinical case was analyzed and whole exome generation sequencing (WES) was used to detect mutations related to a monogenic variant. (3) Results: A seventeen-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with apparent type 1 diabetes at the age of eight was started with insulin therapy. He came to the emergency room with glycemic decompensation, facial, and lower limb edema. During his evaluation, he had near-nephrotic range proteinuria of 2902 mg/24 h, a kidney ultrasound showing mild pyelocalyceal dilation, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and was also diagnosed with functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. These comorbidities improved with adequate glycemic control. WES showed missense variant c.94G>A (p.Gly32Ser) in the INS gene, according to Clinvar corresponding to MODY10. It was a "de novo" variant not reported in his parents. (4) Conclusions: Monogenic diabetes (MD) is rare and MODY10 is among the less frequent types. MODY should be suspected in patients with type 1 phenotype with negative autoimmunity even in the absence of a family history of diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, we present here the first patient with these phenotypic traits of MODY10 reported in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Modeling the Electrical Activity of the Heart via Transfer Functions and Genetic Algorithms.
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Rodríguez-Abreo, Omar, Cruz-Fernandez, Mayra, Fuentes-Silva, Carlos, Quiroz-Juárez, Mario A., and Aragón, José L.
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TRANSFER functions ,HEART diseases ,METAHEURISTIC algorithms ,MATHEMATICAL models ,HEART - Abstract
Although healthcare and medical technology have advanced significantly over the past few decades, heart disease continues to be a major cause of mortality globally. Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the most widely used tools for the detection of heart diseases. This study presents a mathematical model based on transfer functions that allows for the exploration and optimization of heart dynamics in Laplace space using a genetic algorithm (GA). The transfer function parameters were fine-tuned using the GA, with clinical ECG records serving as reference signals. The proposed model, which is based on polynomials and delays, approximates a real ECG with a root-mean-square error of 4.7% and an R 2 value of 0.72 . The model achieves the periodic nature of an ECG signal by using a single periodic impulse input. Its simplicity makes it possible to adjust waveform parameters with a predetermined understanding of their effects, which can be used to generate both arrhythmic patterns and healthy signals. This is a notable advantage over other models that are burdened by a large number of differential equations and many parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Development, Survival and Reproduction of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Sesame Cultivars and Implications for the Management.
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Lima, Adrielly Karoliny de, Soares, José Janduí, Soares, Marcus Alvarenga, Zanuncio, José Cola, Bicho, Carla de Lima, and da Silva, Carlos Alberto Domingues
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SESAME ,EGG incubation ,OVIPARITY ,CULTIVARS ,STINKBUGS ,OILSEED plants ,HEMIPTERA ,INTEGRATED pest control - Abstract
Sesame, an oilseed plant with multiple applications, is susceptible to infestations by the stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). This pest suctions the seeds of this plant and injects toxins into them. Possible sources of resistance on sesame cultivars are important to manage this bug. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological aspects of N. viridula fed on three sesame cultivars aiming to select possible resistance sources for integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this stinkbug. The experimental design used randomized blocks with three treatments and four replications, each with newly emerged N. viridula nymphs fed with sesame capsules of the cultivars BRS Anahí (T1), BRS Morena (T2) and BRS Seda (T3). Two to three green sesame capsules were supplied every two days per group of ten N. viridula nymphs as one replication until the beginning of the adult stage. Adults of this stinkbug were fed in the same manner as its nymphs but with mature sesame capsules until the end of the observations. Survival during each of the five instars and of the nymph stage of N. viridula with green sesame capsules was similar between cultivars, but the duration of the nymph stage was shorter with green capsules of the BRS Morena than with those of the BRS Anahí. The oviposition period, number of egg masses and eggs per female, and the percentage of nymphs hatched were higher with mature capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Anahí and lower with the others. Nymphs did not hatch from eggs deposited by females fed mature seed capsules of the sesame cultivar BRS Morena, which may indicate a source of resistance against this stinkbug in this cultivar. The worldwide importance of N. viridula to sesame cultivation makes these results useful for breeding programs of this plant aiming to develop genotypes resistant to this bug. In addition, the BRS Morena is a cultivar already commercially available and can be recommended in places where there is a history of incidence of N. viridula, aiming to manage the populations of this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Microbial Insights into Biofortified Common Bean Cultivation.
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Cardoso, Alexander Machado, da Silva, Carlos Vinicius Ferreira, and de Pádua, Vânia Lúcia
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BIOFORTIFICATION , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *AGRICULTURE , *NITROGEN fixation , *COMMON bean , *SOIL structure , *MICROBIAL communities - Abstract
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in sustainable agriculture, and their importance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivation cannot be underestimated. This review article aims to comprehensively explore the diverse roles of microorganisms in sustainable biofortified common bean cultivation. Biofortification refers to the process of increasing the nutrient content in crops, which helps combat deficiencies in iron, zinc, and vitamins in the human body. Biofortified beans have better agronomic characteristics and offer higher micronutrient content compared to conventional crops. We examine the contribution of various microbial communities in nitrogen fixation, soil structure improvement, nutrient recycling, and disease suppression. Understanding the interaction between beneficial microorganisms and biofortified common bean plants enables us to develop ecologically sound and sustainable approaches to optimize crop productivity and improve nutrition and livelihoods for millions of people worldwide while reducing the environmental impact of agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Evolution of the Quinoline Scaffold for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis: A Structural Perspective.
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Silva, Carlos F. M., Pinto, Diana C. G. A., Fernandes, Pedro A., and Silva, Artur M. S.
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LEISHMANIASIS , *DRUG discovery , *FUNCTIONAL groups , *PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry , *PUBLIC health , *QUINOLINE - Abstract
Since the beginning of the XXI century, Leishmaniasis has been integrated into the World Health Organization's list of the 20 neglected tropical diseases, being considered a public health issue in more than 88 countries, especially in the tropics, subtropics, and the Mediterranean area. Statistically, this disease presents a world prevalence of 12 million cases worldwide, with this number being expected to increase shortly due to the 350 million people considered at risk and the 2–2.5 million new cases appearing every year. The lack of an appropriate and effective treatment against this disease has intensified the interest of many research groups to pursue the discovery and development of novel treatments in close collaboration with the WHO, which hopes to eradicate it shortly. This paper intends to highlight the quinoline scaffold's potential for developing novel antileishmanial agents and provide a set of structural guidelines to help the research groups in the medicinal chemistry field perform more direct drug discovery and development programs. Thus, this review paper presents a thorough compilation of the most recent advances in the development of new quinoline-based antileishmanial agents, with a particular focus on structure–activity relationship studies that should be considerably useful for the future of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Influence of Photosensitizer on Photodynamic Therapy for Peri-Implantitis: A Systematic Review.
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Schweigert, Thaís B. M. O., Afonso, João P. R., da Palma, Renata K., Oliveira-Silva, Iransé, Silva, Carlos H. M., Jirjos, Elias Ilias, Freitas Júnior, Wilson Rodrigues, Insalaco, Giuseppe, Guedes, Orlando A., and Oliveira, Luís V. F.
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PHOTODYNAMIC therapy ,PERI-implantitis ,PHOTOSENSITIZERS ,GINGIVAL hemorrhage ,PERIODONTAL pockets - Abstract
The treatment of peri-implantitis is challenging in the clinical practice of implant dentistry. With limited therapeutic options and drug resistance, there is a need for alternative methods, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat peri-implantitis. This study evaluated whether the type of photosensitizer used influences the results of inflammatory control, reduction in peri-implant pocket depth, bleeding during probing, and reduction in bone loss in the dental implant region. We registered the study in the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Review) database. We searched three main databases and gray literature in English without date restrictions. In vivo randomized clinical studies involving individuals with peri-implantitis, smokers, patients with diabetes, and healthy controls were included. PDT was used as the primary intervention. Comparators considered mechanical debridement with a reduction in pocket depth as the primary outcome and clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index, and microbiological analysis as secondary outcomes. After reviewing the eligibility criteria, we included seven articles out of 266. A great variety of photosensitizers were observed, and it was concluded that the selection of the most appropriate type of photosensitizer must consider the patient's characteristics and peri-implantitis conditions. The effectiveness of PDT, its effects on the oral microbiome, and the clinical patterns of peri-implantitis may vary depending on the photosensitizer chosen, which is a crucial factor in personalizing peri-implantitis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. Cactus Cladodes and Sugarcane Bagasse Can Partially Replace Earless Corn Silage in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows.
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Medeiros, Izaac P. S., Guido, Sebastião I., Gama, Marco A. S., Silva, Carlos H. M., Siqueira, Michelle C. B., Silva, Camila S. da, Netto, Antonio J., Felix, Silas B., Rabelo, Milena N., Santos, Thayane V. M., Leite, Maria A. M., and Ferreira, Marcelo A.
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MILK yield ,MILKFAT ,DAIRY cattle ,SUGARCANE ,FEED analysis ,SILAGE ,BAGASSE - Abstract
Simple Summary: Forage serves as the primary nutritional resource for livestock; however, the consistent availability of high-quality forage is hindered by seasonal variations in environmental conditions, particularly in semiarid regions. In response to this challenge, silage derived from corn plants without ears (hereafter referred to as earless corn silage or ECS) has emerged as a strategic means for enhancing the income of green corn producers in Brazil. Notably, ECS has transitioned from a byproduct to a marketable feed with prices comparable to those of conventional corn silage. Under this scenario, forages adapted to such arid conditions, such as cactus cladodes (CC), are imperative. However, CC must be associated with feedstuffs possessing elevated fiber content. Coproducts, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB), present a viable solution for ameliorating the low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in CC-based diets. While SB is classified as a low-quality roughage, its key advantage lies in its availability during periods of forage scarcity and its cost-effectiveness. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of substituting, even partially, ECS with a combination of CC and SB, offering an excellent alternative for milk producers. By embracing CC as the most readily producible forage in semiarid regions, producers can reduce their reliance on external inputs, leveraging the utilization of this forage alongside ingredients with increased fiber content, such as SB, which is both economically advantageous and accessible. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing earless corn silage (ECS) with cactus cladodes (CC; Opuntia spp.) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) on nutrient intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk yield (MY), and composition of lactating dairy cows. Ten Holstein cows, weighing 571 ± 97.0 kg and producing 23.0 ± 4.4 kg of milk per day, were assigned to two contemporaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares. Treatments consisted of five levels of ECS replacement with CC plus SB (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The results showed a linear increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p < 0.05) (15.98 and 18.73 kg/day) and a quadratic increase (p < 0.05) in crude protein and energy intake (2.97 kg/day and 27.52 Mcal/day at 95.4 and 88.6% substitution, respectively). Apparent DM digestibility increased (p < 0.05), but fiber digestibility decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Treatments had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on MY and fat-corrected MY (24.17 kg/day and 21.9 kg/day at 63.9% and 38.6% CC plus SB, respectively). Milk fat (3.26 and 2.35%) and total solids content decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas the percentages of protein, lactose, and nonfat solids increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CC–SB diets linearly reduced the time spent on feeding and rumination and total chewing time. For Holstein cows fed common semiarid diets, milk production can be maximized by replacing 38.6% of ECS with CC plus SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. ChatGPT: Challenges and Benefits in Software Programming for Higher Education.
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Silva, Carlos Alexandre Gouvea da, Ramos, Felipe Negrelle, de Moraes, Rafael Veiga, and Santos, Edson Leonardo dos
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ChatGPT is a substantial language model developed by OpenAI, rooted in the GPT-3.5 architecture, with the capacity to generate human-like responses to text-based inputs. ChatGPT serves various purposes, encompassing chatbots, customer service, and personal assistants, which can significantly contribute to sustainability initiatives. Its applications range from language translation and content creation to text summarization. Utilizing ChatGPT offers several advantages, notably its rapid response generation, high accuracy, and its capacity to evolve and improve over time, aligning with sustainability goals for efficiency and innovation. In an educational context, ChatGPT can provide invaluable support to students and educators, aiding in tasks such as generating summaries for extensive texts and addressing subject-related queries. For programming education, ChatGPT can assist students with coding assignments by offering suggestions, hints, and even generating code snippets, fostering sustainable coding practices. Nevertheless, employing ChatGPT in coding education presents challenges, particularly the risk of students becoming overly dependent on AI-generated code and failing to grasp fundamental concepts, which can hinder long-term sustainability in the field. To gauge the viability of ChatGPT in programming education and sustainability, we conducted a Likert scale questionnaire with a group of 40 Brazilian students from March to April 2023. Our primary goal was to assess students' interest in utilizing ChatGPT as a tool to face programming challenges and problems. Specifically, we aimed to determine their level of inclination towards relying exclusively on ChatGPT during programming classes. In addition to these objectives, we sought to discern not only the positive and beneficial perceptions of using ChatGPT in the classroom but also to investigate its potential impact on learning outcomes and student engagement. Furthermore, we aimed to explore whether participants would consider transitioning to exclusive reliance on ChatGPT in the context of their programming education. Our study revealed that students recognized ChatGPT as an innovative set of AI tools applicable to various classroom contexts, including programming and computer languages, thereby fostering sustainability in the adoption of AI technology for educational purposes. Notably, a majority of students participating in the study expressed a keen interest in employing this tool as a supplementary educational resource in the classroom, promoting sustainable and enhanced learning experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Obtaining Value from Wine Wastes: Paving the Way for Sustainable Development.
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Evtuguin, Dmitry, Aniceto, José P. S., Marques, Rita, Portugal, Inês, Silva, Carlos M., Serafim, Luísa S., and Xavier, Ana M. R. B.
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SUSTAINABLE development ,FOOD additives ,GRAPE seeds ,WINE industry ,WINES - Abstract
Winemaking is one of the main Portuguese industries and has significantly grown in recent years, thus increasing the quantity of obtained residues. These wastes have a complex chemical composition and structure, and, for this reason, their treatment and valorisation are simultaneously a challenge and an opportunity. After an overview of the wine industry and its wastes, this article intends to review the different solid winemaking wastes, highlighting their chemical composition and structural characteristics, as well as their main potential applications. These wastes, such as grape stalks, can be directly applied as a source of bioenergy in the form of pellets or subjected to chemical/biological processing, resulting in valuable food additives, materials, or chemicals. Grape seeds provide food grade oil with potential biomedical applications. Grape skins are a promising source of biologically active substances. The sugar fraction of grape pomace can be biologically converted to a wide variety of bioproducts, like bioethanol, biogas, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and bacterial cellulose. The integration of the different processes into a biorefinery is also discussed, considering the characteristics of the Portuguese wine industry and pointing out solutions to valorise their wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Thermodynamic Evaluation of the Energy Self-Sufficiency of the Tyre Pyrolysis Process.
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Gamboa, Alexander A. R., dos Santos, Leila R., Martins, Cristiane A., Rocha, Ana M. A., Alvarado-Silva, Carlos A., and de Carvalho Jr., João A.
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PYROLYSIS ,SELF-reliant living ,THERMODYNAMIC laws ,HEAT of combustion ,TIRES - Abstract
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the energy self-sufficiency of the tyre pyrolysis process using the pyrolysis gas produced as a heat source. Experimental data on the properties of the tyre and the main pyrolysis products (char, pyrolysis gas, and condensable vapours) have been compiled for a pyrolysis temperature range from 698 to 848 K. The laws of thermodynamics were used to calculate the energy demand of the tyre pyrolysis process, which was divided into heat for the pyrolysis reaction and heat transferred to the carrier gas. The pyrolysis gas was composed of 15 components, and its composition was calculated using a nonstoichiometric equilibrium model. For the temperature range studied, the heat required for the pyrolysis reaction was between 1.41 and 2.16 kJ/g of tyre. In addition, hydrocarbons (71 to 73 wt.%) were the major components in the calculated pyrolysis gas composition. An average lower heating value of 37.3 MJ/kg was calculated for the pyrolysis gas. The heat required for the tyre pyrolysis reaction was provided for burning 30–50% of the pyrolysis gas produced, thus making it self-sustaining. Energy self-sufficiency may not be achieved if the heat losses due to poor reactor insulation are high. However, this problem can be overcome by heating the combustion air using the heat released by the pyrolysis products during cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. Assessment of Current Smart House Solutions: The Case of Portugal.
- Author
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Rego, Nuno, Castro, Rui, and Silva, Carlos Santos
- Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ENERGY management ,POWER plants ,ENERGY storage ,BATTERY storage plants ,ENERGY consumption - Abstract
The world is facing many challenges to keep up with growing energy demand and greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. A possible solution is to integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) into residences and create energy management systems (EMSs) that reduce consumption and relieve the main grid in critical hours. This paper is focused on analyzing different EMSs using solar photovoltaic (PV) modules and three energy storage systems (ESSs) to increase savings without affecting the user's needs, with thirty-three power consumption profiles and three energy tariffs over a 25-year investment to compare which solution presents the best economic result in each of the 297 analyzed scenarios. The results show that the higher the overall daily consumption values, the greater the profits for all EMSs. The lowest demand profiles lead to the best self-consumption and self-sufficiency results. PV-only systems with a tri-hourly tariff have the best overall results. In the case of battery operation, each case should be carefully analyzed in order to choose the correct technologies and tariff. The results also allowed us to verify that even though having more PV modules generates more energy, it can make a project less economically desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Assessment of Cross-Reactivity of Chimeric Trypanosoma cruzi Antigens with Crithidia sp. LVH-60A: Implications for Accurate Diagnostics.
- Author
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Santos, Emily F., Daltro, Ramona T., Regis-Silva, Carlos G., Pavan, Tycha B. S., de Oliveira, Fabrícia A., da Silva, Ângela M., Almeida, Roque P., Gonçalves, Noilson L. S., Sampaio, Daniel D., Santos, Faber N., Marchini, Fabricio K., Celedon, Paola A. F., Zanchin, Nilson I. T., and Santos, Fred L. N.
- Subjects
TRYPANOSOMA cruzi ,CROSS reactions (Immunology) ,CD antigens ,ANTIGENS ,CHAGAS' disease - Abstract
This study focuses on developing accurate immunoassays for diagnosing Chagas disease (CD), a challenging task due to antigenic similarities between Trypanosoma cruzi and other parasites, leading to cross-reactivity. To address this challenge, chimeric recombinant T. cruzi antigens (IBMP-8.1, IBMP-8.2, IBMP-8.3, and IBMP-8.4) were synthesized to enhance specificity and reduce cross-reactivity in tests. While these antigens showed minimal cross-reactivity with leishmaniasis, their performance with other trypanosomatid infections was unclear. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of these IBMP antigens for detecting CD in patients with Crithidia sp. LVH-60A, a parasite linked to visceral leishmaniasis-like symptoms in Brazil. This study involved seven Crithidia sp. LVH-60A patients and three Leishmania infantum patients. The results indicated that these IBMP antigens displayed 100% sensitivity, with specificity ranging from 87.5% to 100%, and accuracy values between 90% and 100%. No cross-reactivity was observed with Crithidia sp. LVH-60A, and only one L. infantum-positive sample showed limited cross-reactivity with IBMP-8.1. This study suggests that IBMP antigens offer promising diagnostic performance, with minimal cross-reactivity in regions where T. cruzi and other trypanosomatids are prevalent. However, further research with a larger number of Crithidia sp. LVH-60A-positive samples is needed to comprehensively evaluate antigen cross-reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Comparing Phenology of a Temperate Deciduous Forest Captured by Solar-Induced Fluorescence and Vegetation Indices.
- Author
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Merrick, Trina, Bennartz, Ralf, Jorge, Maria Luisa S. P., Merrick, Carli, Bohlman, Stephanie A., Silva, Carlos Alberto, and Pau, Stephanie
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DECIDUOUS forests ,TEMPERATE forests ,PHENOLOGY ,FOREST measurement ,BROADLEAF forests ,FOOTPRINTS - Abstract
A shifting phenology in deciduous broadleaf forests (DBFs) can indicate forest health, resilience, and changes in the face of a rapidly changing climate. The availability of satellite-based solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) promises to add to the understanding of the regional-level DBF phenology that has been developed, for instance, using proxies of gross primary productivity (GPP) from the Moderate Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). It is unclear how OCO-2 and MODIS metrics compare in terms of capturing intra-annual variations and benchmarking DBF seasonality, thus necessitating a comparison. In this study, spatiotemporally matched OCO-2 SIF metrics (at footprint level) and corresponding MODIS GPP, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) products within a temperate DBF were used to compare the phenology captured by the productivity metrics. Additionally, an estimate of the SIF yield (SIF
y ), derived from OCO-2 SIF measurements, and a MODIS fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) were tested. An examination of the trends and correlations showed relatively few qualitative differences among productivity metrics and environmental variables, but it highlighted a lack of seasonal signal in the calculation of SIFy . However, a seasonality analysis quantitatively showed similar seasonal timings and levels of seasonal production in and out of the growing season between SIF and GPP. In contrast, NDVI seasonality was least comparable to that of SIF and GPP, with senescence occurring approximately one month apart. Taken together, we conclude that satellite-based SIF and GPP (and EVI to a smaller degree) provide the most similar measurements of forest function, while NDVI is not sensitive to the same changes. In this regard, phenological metrics calculated with satellite-based SIF, along with those calculated with GPP and EVI from MODIS, can enhance our current understanding of deciduous forest structures and functions and provide additional information over NDVI. We recommend that future studies consider metrics other than NDVI for phenology analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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23. Market-Based TSO–DSO Coordination: A Comprehensive Theoretical Market Framework and Lessons from Real-World Implementations.
- Author
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Troncia, Matteo, Chaves Ávila, José Pablo, Damas Silva, Carlos, Gerard, Helena, and Willeghems, Gwen
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INDEPENDENT system operators ,ELECTRICITY markets - Abstract
This paper introduces a theoretical market framework (TMF) for conceptualizing and designing electricity markets, integrating transmission system operator and distribution system operator (TSO–DSO) coordination mechanisms. The TMF represents a comprehensive tool that formalizes new, innovative market concepts and their impact on existing markets, and outlines fundamental categories and decisions essential to market design. This paper, through the TMF, addresses the integration challenges posed by new mechanisms for system services. Utilizing the TMF, the study maps 13 European demonstrators' TSO–DSO coordination solutions, identifying real-world challenges in designing and implementing novel system services markets. Drawing on these real-world insights, the paper offers market design and policy recommendations to address and overcome the specific challenges in market-based TSO–DSO coordination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. Determination and Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties of Methyl Methylanthranilate Isomers.
- Author
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Silva, Carlos A. O., Freitas, Vera L. S., and da Silva, Maria D. M. C. Ribeiro
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- *
THERMODYNAMICS , *SUBLIMATION (Chemistry) , *VAPORIZATION , *HEAT of combustion , *HEAT of formation , *PHASE transitions , *UNITS of measurement , *ISOMERS - Abstract
The enthalpies of formation in the gaseous phase of methyl 3-methylanthranilate and methyl 5-methylanthranilate were determined from experimental measurements of the corresponding standard energies of combustion, obtained from combustion calorimetry, and the standard enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation, obtained from Calvet microcalorimetry and Knudsen mass-loss effusion. A computational study, using the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method, has also been performed for the calculation of the gas-phase standard enthalpies of formation of those two molecules at T = 298.15 K, as well as for the remaining isomers, methyl 4-methylanthranilate and methyl 6-methylanthranilate. The results have been used to evaluate and analyze the energetic effect of the methyl substituent in different positions of the ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Multiscale Modelling Methodologies of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging: A Review of Most Recent Developments.
- Author
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Ali, Mir A., Da Silva, Carlos M., and Amon, Cristina H.
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MULTISCALE modeling ,LITHIUM-ion batteries ,ENERGY industries ,ENERGY storage - Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are leading the energy storage market. Significant efforts are being made to widely adopt LIBs due to their inherent performance benefits and reduced environmental impact for transportation electrification. However, achieving this widespread adoption still requires overcoming critical technological constraints impacting battery aging and safety. Battery aging, an inevitable consequence of battery function, might lead to premature performance losses and exacerbated safety concerns if effective thermo-electrical battery management strategies are not implemented. Battery aging effects must be better understood and mitigated, leveraging the predictive power of aging modelling methods. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent aging modelling methods. Furthermore, a multiscale approach is adopted, reviewing these methods at the particle, cell, and battery pack scales, along with corresponding opportunities for future research in LIB aging modelling across these scales. Battery testing strategies are also reviewed to illustrate how current numerical aging models are validated, thereby providing a holistic aging modelling strategy. Finally, this paper proposes a combined multiphysics- and data-based modelling framework to achieve accurate and computationally efficient LIB aging simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Acute Recovery after a Fatigue Protocol Using a Recovery Sports Legging: An Experimental Study.
- Author
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Silva, Gonçalo, Goethel, Márcio, Machado, Leandro, Sousa, Filipa, Costa, Mário Jorge, Magalhães, Pedro, Silva, Carlos, Midão, Marta, Leite, André, Couto, Suse, Silva, Ricardo, Vilas-Boas, João Paulo, and Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge
- Subjects
ISOKINETIC exercise ,PHYSICAL mobility ,ELECTRIC stimulation ,SPORTS ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning ,COOLDOWN - Abstract
Enhancing recovery is a fundamental component of high-performance sports training since it enables practitioners to potentiate physical performance and minimise the risk of injuries. Using a new sports legging embedded with an intelligent system for electrostimulation, localised heating and compression (completely embodied into the textile structures), we aimed to analyse acute recovery following a fatigue protocol. Surface electromyography- and torque-related variables were recorded on eight recreational athletes. A fatigue protocol conducted in an isokinetic dynamometer allowed us to examine isometric torque and consequent post-exercise acute recovery after using the sports legging. Regarding peak torque, no differences were found between post-fatigue and post-recovery assessments in any variable; however, pre-fatigue registered a 16% greater peak torque when compared with post-fatigue for localised heating and compression recovery methods. Our data are supported by recent meta-analyses indicating that individual recovery methods, such as localised heating, electrostimulation and compression, are not effective to recover from a fatiguing exercise. In fact, none of the recovery methods available through the sports legging tested was effective in acutely recovering the torque values produced isometrically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Statistical Predictors of Project Management Maturity.
- Author
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Celani de Souza, Helder Jose, Salomon, Valerio Antonio Pamplona, and Sanches da Silva, Carlos Eduardo
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PROJECT management offices ,PROJECT management ,PARTIAL least squares regression ,CORPORATE culture - Abstract
Global scenarios of organizations show investments wasted in projects with poor performances in more than 11 percent of cases, according to the Project Management Institute. This research aims to guide organizations in assertively investing in the right pertinent factors to improve project success rates and speed up project management maturity at a higher accuracy level using statistical predictions. Challenging existing drivers for project management maturity models and expanding their current practical view will be the result of a quantitative methodology based on a survey supported by data collection targeting the project management community in Brazil. The originality and value of this research are in contributing to the development of new project maturity models statistically supported by the increasing rate of maturity accuracy, which can be continually improved by confident data input into the model. The results show a high correlation between the performance measurement system and the project success rate associated with project management maturity. In addition, this research contemplates the relationship between organizational culture, business type, and project management office and project management maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. First Report of Colleters in Araceae: A Case Study in Anthurium andraeanum Reveals Diverse Mucilage Glands Associated with the Developing Shoot.
- Author
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Pereira-Silva, Carlos Gabriel, Ballego-Campos, Igor, Sakuragui, Cássia Mônica, Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes, and Paiva, Elder Antônio Sousa
- Subjects
MUCILAGE ,ARACEAE ,GLANDS ,ELECTRON microscopy ,MICROSCOPY - Abstract
Araceae comprises a diverse group of plants that grow in various habitats, ranging from submerged aquatics to lithophytes. Thus, aroids are likely to show diverse glands acting in several plant–environment interactions, including colleters that protect young shoots. Based on this premise and the lack of studies regarding secretory structures in Araceae, we employed standard light and electron microscopy methods to test the hypothesis that colleters are present in Anthurium. Our main goals were to identify mucilage glands in A. andraeanum by conducting a detailed anatomical study of their structure, ultrastructure, and secretory activity. We found finger-like colleters in the apex of young leaves, spathes, and unexpanded cataphylls as well as secreting zones at the apex of expanded cataphylls, at the margins of non-fused cataphylls, and throughout the keels in two-keeled cataphylls. The colleters develop precociously and senesce shortly afterwards. Ultrastructural data and histochemistry confirmed the production of a polysaccharide-rich secretion that fills the spaces within the developing shoot. As far we know, this is the first time that colleters have been reported for Araceae. The functional roles of the secretion and the position of finger-like colleters concerning the 'precursor tip' of monocotyledons are discussed. Future research correlating secretory activity in colleters of species from different habitats might reveal a great diversity of mucilage glands with ecological and evolutionary significance to the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Improves Adiponectin to Leptin Ratio and Inflammatory Profile in Severely Obese Women with and without Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Moreira, Sandra M. B. P., Bachi, André L. L., Jirjos, Elias I., Malheiros, Carlos A., Vencio, Sergio, Alves, Vera L. S., Sousa, Alan R. T., Felipe, Lucenda A., Perez, Eduardo A., Lino, Maria E. M., Souza, Shayra K. A., Santos, Juliana M. B., Oliveira, Miriã C., Fonseca, Adriano L., Silva, Carlos H. M., Vieira, Rodolfo P., Insalaco, Giuseppe, Freitas Júnior, Wilson R., and Oliveira, Luis V. F.
- Abstract
Obesity is a troubling public health problem as it increases risks of sleep disorders, respiratory complications, systemic arterial hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). As a measure to counteract comorbidities associated with severe obesity, bariatric surgery stands out. This study aimed to investigate the adiponectin/leptin ratio in women with severe obesity with and without MetS who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to characterize the biochemical, glucose, and inflammatory parameters of blood in women with severe obesity before and after RYGB. Were enrolled females with severe obesity undergoing RYGP with MetS (n = 11) and without (n = 39). Anthropometric data and circulating levels of glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), adiponectin, and leptin were assessed before and 6 months after RYGB. Significant reductions in weight, body mass index, and glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and leptin were observed after surgery, with higher levels of HDL, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio being observed after surgery compared to the preoperative values of those. This study demonstrated that weight loss induced by RYGB in patients with severe obesity with or without MetS improved biochemical and systemic inflammatory parameters, particularly the adiponectin/leptin ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pulsed Electric Fields vs. Pectolytic Enzymes in Arinto Vinification: Effects on Yield and Oenological Parameters.
- Author
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Aguiar-Macedo, Mafalda, Redondo, Luis M., Pereira, Marcos Teotónio, and Silva, Carlos
- Subjects
ELECTRIC fields ,WHITE wines ,SUSTAINABILITY ,FOOD additives ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENZYMES - Abstract
The increase in awareness of consumers and producers regarding the sustainable production and consumption of food commodities is motivating the emergence of new technologies to improve the efficiency of pre-established methods and reduce or supplant the usage of production factors. Thus, innovative technologies, such as the nonthermal application of pulsed electric fields (PEFs), may play a crucial role in the optimization of processes, both economically and environmentally (shrinkage of wastage, energy efficiency and decrease in the use of food additives), without compromising the quality of the final product. Thus, a comparison was made between the application of commercial-grade enzymes and PEF treatment to assess the impact on cuvée white grape must and on wine yield and quality. Oenological parameters were evaluated during alcoholic fermentation and after 3 months, with tartaric stability measured after 6 months. For this, assays resorting to 1.5 tons of Arinto grapes were separated into nine similar batches: three control, three treated with enzymes (1.5 g/100 kg) and three subjected to PEFs (1 kV/cm; 2 kJ/kg) at a rate of 4 ton/h. PEFs presented the highest increase in cuvée wine yield of 5.47%; a reduction of 19% of wine lees production was also determined. The effect of PEFs on pH, total acidity, turbidity, total phenols, color intensity, %Ye, total dry extract, volatile acidity and tartaric stability was studied and compared with control and enzymatic treatment. PEF and enzyme usage direct costs were determined; the employment of PEFs represented a direct cost of 0.12 EUR/ton, while enzyme usage was 1.80 EUR/ton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Interventions for Temporomandibular Disorders Associated with Tinnitus: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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da Silva, Marianne Trajano, Silva, Carlos, Silva, Jade, Costa, Mateus, Gadotti, Inae, and Ribeiro, Karyna
- Subjects
- *
TINNITUS , *TEMPOROMANDIBULAR disorders , *PHYSICAL therapy , *PHYSICAL therapists , *MASTICATORY muscles , *PAIN threshold , *TEMPOROMANDIBULAR joint , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) refers to different clinical conditions affecting the temporomandibular joints, masticatory muscles, and adjacent structures. Although TMDs signs and symptoms (e.g., pain and limited mouth opening) are common, otological symptoms, such as tinnitus, might also be present. This study aims to summarize the evidence of the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions in individuals with TMDs associated with tinnitus. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of physical therapy in individuals of both genders aged 18 or older with TMDs associated with tinnitus were included. The electronic search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro and CENTRAL. A total of four studies were included. All studies showed that physical therapy reduced the intensity of tinnitus, and two trials showed a decrease in the pain intensity caused by TMDs, an increase in the pressure pain thresholds in the masticatory muscles and an improvement of mandibular function. Two studies presented a low risk of bias. Despite a low certainty of the evidence, this review showed that physical therapy reduces the intensity or severity of tinnitus associated with TMDs. Results may support future research on the topic and evidence-based practice by recommending the best physical therapy approach for patients, clinicians, researchers, and health system managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae Blastospores to Control Aedes aegypti Larvae in the Field.
- Author
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Gomes, Simone Azevedo, Carolino, Aline Teixeira, Teodoro, Thais Berçot Pontes, Silva, Gerson Adriano, Bitencourt, Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa, Silva, Carlos Peres, Alkhaibari, Abeer M., Butt, Tariq M., and Samuels, Richard Ian
- Subjects
METARHIZIUM anisopliae ,AEDES aegypti ,LARVAE ,BIOLOGICAL pest control agents ,ENTOMOPATHOGENIC fungi - Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are promising as an environmentally benign alternative to chemical pesticides for mosquito control. The current study investigated the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores against Aedes aegypti under both laboratory and field conditions. Virulence bioassays of conidia and blastospores were conducted in the laboratory, while field simulation bioassays were conducted under two conditions: totally shaded (TS) or partially shaded (PS). In the first bioassay (zero h), the larvae were added to the cups shortly after the preparation of the blastospores, and in the subsequent assays, larvae were added to the cups 3, 6, 9, and 12 days later. The survival of the larvae exposed to blastospores in the laboratory was zero on day two, as was the case for the larvae exposed to conidia on the sixth day. Under TS conditions, zero survival was seen on the third day of the bioassay. Under PS conditions, low survival rates were recorded on day 7. For the persistence bioassay under PS conditions, low survival rates were also observed. Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores were more virulent to Ae. aegypti larvae than conidia in the laboratory. Blastospores remained virulent under field simulation conditions. However, virulence rapidly declined from the third day of field bioassays. Formulating blastospores in vegetable oil could protect these propagules when applied under adverse conditions. This is the first time that blastospores have been tested against mosquito larvae under simulated field conditions, and the current study could be the basis for the development of a new biological control agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Based on the LAMP Assay Associated with the CRISPRCas12a System.
- Author
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de Sousa, Karoline Almeida Felix, Nonaka, Carolina Kymie Vasques, Khouri, Ricardo, Gurgel Rocha, Clarissa Araújo, Regis-Silva, Carlos Gustavo, and de Freitas Souza, Bruno Solano
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 ,RESPIRATORY syncytial virus ,COVID-19 testing ,CRISPRS ,LOW-income countries - Abstract
Background: The global public health system has been severely tested by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mass testing was essential in controlling the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2; however, its implementation has encountered challenges, particularly in low-income countries. The urgent need for rapid and accurate tests for SARS-CoV-2 has proven to be extremely important. Point-of-care tests using the CRISPR system for COVID-19 have shown promise, with a reported high sensitivity and rapid detection. The performance of a CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 testing system was reported in this study. Methods: A total of 29 nasopharyngeal samples were evaluated, including 23 samples from individuals suspected of COVID-19, and six samples positive for H3N2 or respiratory syncytial virus. Two reference samples with known concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (3000 RNA copies/mL) or viral titer determined by plaque assay (105 PFU/mL) were also evaluated. The LAMP technique was employed to amplify the ORF1ab gene and the results were analyzed using a Gemini XPS fluorescence reader. Results: The RT-LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12 assay showed 100% concordance compared to RT-PCR. The RT-PCR presented a detection limit of 0.01 PFU/mL and the CRISPR/Cas12 system showed a limit of 15.6 PFU/mL. The RT-PCR sensitivity was approximately 8 RNA copies/µL and CRISPR/Cas12 at 84 RNA copies/µL. Conclusion: The RT-LAMP-CRISPR/Cas12a assay offered a promising alternative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and reinforces that CRISPR-based diagnostic techniques can be an alternative for fast and accurate assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Morphology and Morphometry of the Reproductive Tract of the Cotton Boll Weevil after Prolonged Feeding on Alternative Diets.
- Author
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Carvalho, Thiele da Silva, Silva, Carlos Alberto Domingues da, Martins, Celso Feitosa, Silva, Laryssa Lemos da, Zanuncio, José Cola, and Serrão, José Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
GENITALIA , *FEMALE reproductive organs , *MALE reproductive organs , *BANANAS , *CURCULIONIDAE , *ANIMAL feeds , *MORPHOLOGY , *COTTON - Abstract
Simple Summary: The cotton boll weevil is the main cotton pest in the Americas. Alternative diets induce reproductive dormancy and/or diapause in this weevil. This fact has led researchers to postulate that these boll weevils in reproductive diapause can survive during the off-season, colonizing the subsequent cotton crop. However, there are no data on whether these weevils fed for prolonged periods on alternative food sources can reverse the atrophy of their reproductive organs after being given a diet that favors reproduction, or if their advanced age may impair viable egg production and, consequently, their progeny. The results obtained confirm our hypothesis that feeding for prolonged periods with alternative diets (inappropriate for reproduction) affects the reproductive tract of male and female boll weevils differently, and females and old males may not reverse the atrophy of their reproductive organs even after accessing cotton squares. Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) survives on alternative diets; however, this induces reproductive diapause. The objective was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the reproductive tract of this weevil after feeding on alternative diets. The experimental design was completely randomized with 160 replications and treatments arranged in a factorial design 3 × 3, represented by A. grandis adults fed on 3 food types (fragments of banana (T1) or orange (T2) endocarp, or with cotton squares of cultivar BRS 286 (T3, control)) and three evaluation periods (30, 60, and 90 days) and after each of these periods they were fed with cotton squares for 10 days. The reproductive tract of 100% of A. grandis females fed banana endocarp, orange endocarp, and cotton squares for 30 and 60 days and then cotton squares were morphologically adequate for reproduction, and after 90 days, only 50% of those fed cotton squares were in this condition. The length of the ovarioles and the width of the mature oocyte were greater for A. grandis fed on cotton squares and smaller in those with banana and orange endocarps. Histological sections reveal that male testes even with strong degenerative signals are already producing spermatozoa. On the other hand, females displayed ovaries with nurse cells in the tropharium and some maturing oocytes in the vitellarium. The body length was longer and the testis area and diameter smaller in males fed on cotton squares than in those with banana and orange endocarp. Anthonomus grandis females fed for ≥90 days with alternative food sources do not recover the functionality of their reproductive tract, even after consuming, for 10 days, a diet that favors reproduction. On the other hand, the males remain with their reproductive organs functional with this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Diversity of Anal HPV and Non-HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections and Concordance with Genital Infections in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in the Tapajós Region, Amazon, Brazil.
- Author
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Rodrigues, Luana Lorena Silva, Pilotto, José Henrique, Martinelli, Katrini Guidolini, Nicol, Alcina F., De Paula, Vanessa Salete, Gheit, Tarik, Oliveira, Nathália Silva Carlos, Silva-de-Jesus, Carlos, Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V., Da Silva, Diane M., Kast, W. Martin, Hardick, Justin, Gaydos, Charlotte A., and Morgado, Mariza Gonçalves
- Subjects
SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,PAPILLOMAVIRUSES ,HUMAN papillomavirus ,TRICHOMONAS vaginalis ,CHLAMYDIA trachomatis ,HIV-positive persons - Abstract
The aim of this study was to classify the diversity of anal HPV and non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and compare the concordance between anal and genital infections in HIV-infected and uninfected women living in the Tapajós region, Amazon, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed with 112 HIV-uninfected and 41 HIV-infected nonindigenous women. Anal and cervical scrapings were collected and analyzed for HPV, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrheae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HSV-2). The Kappa test evaluated the concordance between anal and genital infections. The overall prevalence of anal HPV infection was 31.3% in HIV-uninfected and 97.6% in HIV-infected women. The most frequent anal high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types were HPV18 and HPV16 in HIV-uninfected women and HPV51, HPV59, HPV31, and HPV58 in HIV-infected women. Anal HPV75 Betapapillomavirus was also identified. Anal non-HPV STIs were identified in 13.0% of all participants. The concordance analysis was fair for CT, MG, and HSV-2, almost perfect agreement for NG, moderate for HPV, and variable for the most frequent anal hrHPV types. Thus, a high prevalence of anal HPV infection with moderate and fair concordance between anal and genital HPV and non-HPV STIs was observed in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Characterization of the Fracture Forming Limits by Radial Extrusion †.
- Author
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Sampaio, Rui F. V., Pragana, João P. M., Bragança, Ivo M. F., Silva, Carlos M. A., Nielsen, Chris V., and Martins, Paulo A. F.
- Subjects
DIGITAL image correlation ,TRANSITION flow ,DUCTILE fractures ,METALWORK ,FINITE element method ,SHEET metal ,METAL-insulator transitions - Abstract
This paper introduces a new formability test based on double-action radial extrusion to characterize material formability in the three-dimensional to plane-stress material flow transitions that are found in bulk metal-formed parts. The presentation draws from a multidirectional tool, which was designed to convert the vertical press stroke into horizontal movement of the compression punches towards each other, aspects of experimental strain determination, fractography, and finite element analysis. Results show that three-dimensional to plane-stress material flow transitions at the radially extruded flanges lead to different modes of fracture (by tension and by shear) that may or may not be preceded by necking, such as in sheet metal forming. The new formability test also reveals adequate characteristics to characterize the failure limits of very ductile wrought and additively manufactured metallic materials, which cannot be easily determined by conventional upset compression tests, and to facilitate the identification of the instant of cracking and of the corresponding fracture strains by combination of the force vs. time evolutions with the in-plane strains obtained from digital image correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. MiRNAs as Potential Regulators of Enthesis Healing: Findings in a Rodent Injury Model.
- Author
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Peniche Silva, Carlos Julio, De La Vega, Rodolfo E., Panos, Joseph, Joris, Virginie, Evans, Christopher H., Balmayor, Elizabeth R., and van Griensven, Martijn
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *MICRORNA , *NON-coding RNA , *HEALING , *RODENTS - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA sequences with the ability to inhibit the expression of a target mRNA at the post-transcriptional level, acting as modulators of both the degenerative and regenerative processes. Therefore, these molecules constitute a potential source of novel therapeutic tools. In this study, we investigated the miRNA expression profile that presented in enthesis tissue upon injury. For this, a rodent enthesis injury model was developed by creating a defect at a rat's patellar enthesis. Following injury, explants were collected on days 1 (n = 10) and 10 (n = 10). Contra lateral samples (n = 10) were harvested to be used for normalization. The expression of miRNAs was investigated using a "Fibrosis" pathway-focused miScript qPCR array. Later, target prediction for the aberrantly expressed miRNAs was performed by means of the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, and the expression of mRNA targets relevant for enthesis healing was confirmed using qPCRs. Additionally, the protein expression levels of collagens I, II, III, and X were investigated using Western blotting. The mRNA expression pattern of EGR1, COL2A1, RUNX2, SMAD1, and SMAD3 in the injured samples indicated their possible regulation by their respective targeting miRNA, which included miR-16, -17, -100, -124, -133a, -155 and -182. Furthermore, the protein levels of collagens I and II were reduced directly after the injury (i.e., day 1) and increased 10 days post-injury, while collagens III and X showed the opposite pattern of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Revisiting Isothermal Effectiveness Factor Equations for Reversible Reactions.
- Author
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Rios, William Q., Antunes, Bruno, Rodrigues, Alírio E., Portugal, Inês, and Silva, Carlos M.
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ACETALDEHYDE ,BATCH reactors ,THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium ,ETHYL acetate ,NUMERICAL calculations ,RATE coefficients (Chemistry) ,EQUATIONS ,ION exchange resins - Abstract
Ion exchange resins have many industrial applications, namely as sorbents and catalysts. In solid-catalyzed reactions, intraparticle reaction-diffusion competition is generally described by effectiveness factors calculated numerically or analytically in the case of isothermal particles and simple rate laws. Although robust, numerical calculations can be time-consuming, and convergence is not always guaranteed and lacks the flexibility of user-friendly equations. In this work, analytical equations for effectiveness factors of reversible reactions derived from the general scheme A + B ⇌ C + D are developed and numerically validated. These effectiveness factors are analytically expressed in terms of an irreversible n t h order Thiele modulus (specifically written for the n t h order forward reaction), the thermodynamic equilibrium constant, the ratios of effective diffusivities, and the ratios of surface concentrations. The application of such analytical equations is illustrated for two liquid phase reactions catalyzed by Amberlyst-15, specifically the synthesis of ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. For both reactions, the prediction of the concentration profiles in isothermal batch reactors achieved errors between 1.13% and 3.38% for six distinct experimental conditions. Finally, the impact of non-ideal behavior upon the multicomponent effective diffusivities, subsequently conveyed to the effectiveness factors, is enlightened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Initial Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Middle Adolescents in Portugal.
- Author
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Brites, Rute, Paulino, Mauro, Brissos, Sofia, Gabriel, Sofia, Alho, Laura, Simões, Mário R., and Silva, Carlos F.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. From Gene to Transcript and Peptide: A Deep Overview on Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs).
- Author
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Santos-Silva, Carlos André dos, Ferreira-Neto, José Ribamar Costa, Amador, Vinícius Costa, Bezerra-Neto, João Pacífico, Vilela, Lívia Maria Batista, Binneck, Eliseu, Rêgo, Mireli de Santana, da Silva, Manassés Daniel, Mangueira de Melo, Ana Luiza Trajano, da Silva, Rahisa Helena, and Benko-Iseppon, Ana Maria
- Subjects
LIPID transfer protein ,PEPTIDES ,ANTIMICROBIAL peptides ,PLANT genomes ,PROTEOMICS ,PEPTIDE antibiotics - Abstract
Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) stand out among plant-specific peptide superfamilies due to their multifaceted roles in plant molecular physiology and development, including their protective functions against pathogens. These antimicrobial agents have demonstrated remarkable efficacy against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The discovery of plant-originated, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides such as nsLTPs has paved the way for exploring the mentioned organisms as potential biofactories for synthesizing antimicrobial compounds. Recently, nsLTPs have been the focus of a plethora of research and reviews, providing a functional overview of their potential activity. The present work compiles relevant information on nsLTP omics and evolution, and it adds meta-analysis of nsLTPs, including: (1) genome-wide mining in 12 plant genomes not studied before; (2) latest common ancestor analysis (LCA) and expansion mechanisms; (3) structural proteomics, scrutinizing nsLTPs' three-dimensional structure/physicochemical characteristics in the context of nsLTP classification; and (4) broad nsLTP spatiotemporal transcriptional analysis using soybean as a study case. Combining a critical review with original results, we aim to integrate high-quality information in a single source to clarify unexplored aspects of this important gene/peptide family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Importance of Protected Areas by Brazilian States to Reduce Deforestation in the Amazon.
- Author
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Sousa, Marcos V. L., Melo, Silas N., Souza, Juciana C. B., Silva, Carlos F. A., Feitosa, Yuri, and Matias, Lindon F.
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PROTECTED areas ,DEFORESTATION ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,FOREST reserves ,LAND use - Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) help in strategies for maintaining biodiversity and inhibiting deforestation of the Amazon rainforest. However, there are few studies that evaluate the effectiveness of lands protected by states (or federation units). Our goal was to compare land use change over 35 years in state-level PAs with another area of protection, both in the Amazon of the Maranhão state, Brazil. We employed remote sensing techniques, the geographic information system (GIS), and statistical analysis with the use of analyses of covariance (ANCOVAS) to analyze the presence of the classes of land use and change in the PA. The results indicate that the state PAs were effective in preserving forest cover and decelerating grazing. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of supporting public policies at the state level for the protection of the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Compensation Model for Packet Loss Using Kalman Filter in Wireless Network Control Systems.
- Author
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Silva, Carlos Alexandre Gouvea da and Santos, Edson Leonardo dos
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- *
KALMAN filtering , *DATA transmission systems , *NETWORK performance , *DYNAMICAL systems , *JOB performance , *WIRELESS channels - Abstract
In Wireless Network Control System (WNCS), a study approach is relevant for the development and analysis of control strategies that provide the operation of dynamic systems. Among the real characteristics of the communication channels, a packet loss is one of the main deficiencies present in the transmission of data in a wireless network. For a dynamic system in the presence of losses, a filtering technique makes it possible to estimate system states using process output measurements and to mitigate a performance drop. It is important to study packet losses in Wireless Network Control Systems because packet loss can severely degrade the network performance. Wireless networks are particularly vulnerable to packet loss due to factors such as interference, fading and signal attenuation. The present work analyzed the behavior of a real WNCS plant at different levels of packet loss using the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Also, we propose a compensation model for packet loss using the Kalman filter. The packet loss process is based on a Gilbert-Elliot model and is compared with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The results show that by applying Kalman filters it is possible to improve the operation of the process in case of losses during data transmission. It was observed through the simulation that it is possible to reduce the error of the system output in relation to the reference in the presence of packet loss. For a loss ratio of 30%, the observed improvement in the system behavior with the use of the Kalman filter was 26.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Influence of Ethanol Parametrization on Diffusion Coefficients Using OPLS-AA Force Field.
- Author
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Zêzere, Bruno, Fonseca, Tiago V. B., Portugal, Inês, Simões, Mário M. Q., Silva, Carlos M., and Gomes, José R. B.
- Subjects
ETHANOL ,DIFFUSION coefficients ,HEATS of vaporization ,MOLECULAR dynamics ,GALLIC acid - Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations employing the all-atom optimized potential for liquid simulations (OPLS-AA) force field were performed for determining self-diffusion coefficients ( D 11 ) of ethanol and tracer diffusion coefficients ( D 12 ) of solutes in ethanol at several temperature and pressure conditions. For simulations employing the original OPLS-AA diameter of ethanol's oxygen atom ( σ OH ), calculated and experimental diffusivities of protic solutes differed by more than 25%. To correct this behavior, the σ OH was reoptimized using the experimental D 12 of quercetin and of gallic acid in liquid ethanol as benchmarks. A substantial improvement of the calculated diffusivities was found by changing σ OH from its original value (0.312 nm) to 0.306 nm, with average absolute relative deviations (AARD) of 3.71% and 4.59% for quercetin and gallic acid, respectively. The new σ OH value was further tested by computing D 12 of ibuprofen and butan-1-ol in liquid ethanol with AARDs of 1.55% and 4.81%, respectively. A significant improvement was also obtained for the D 11 of ethanol with AARD = 3.51%. It was also demonstrated that in the case of diffusion coefficients of non-polar solutes in ethanol, the original σ OH = 0.312 nm should be used for better agreement with experiment. If equilibrium properties such as enthalpy of vaporization and density are estimated, the original diameter should be once again adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Comparison of Control Techniques for Harmonic Isolation in Series VSC-Based Power Flow Controller in Distribution Grids.
- Author
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Pinheiro, Guilherme Gonçalves, Gonzatti, Robson Bauwelz, da Silva, Carlos Henrique, Pereira, Rondineli Rodrigues, Guimarães, Bruno P. Braga, Foster, João Gabriel Luppi, Lambert-Torres, Germano, da Silva, Kleverson Sinezio, and Santana-Filho, Joselino
- Subjects
ELECTRICAL load ,POWER series ,ELECTRIC power filters ,REACTIVE power ,POLITICAL succession ,POWER electronics ,INDUCTION generators - Abstract
The application of power electronics equipment in medium voltage (MV) distribution grids can provide new management solutions for power flow control, load balancing and voltage problems. A series MV VSC-based power flow controller has recently been presented to interconnect two radial distribution feeders performing active and reactive power transfers to improve the flexibility and utilization of these circuits in a controlled and secure way. Although not previously explored, this power flow controller can integrate the functionality of a series power filter, accomplishing independent control of the fundamental power flow while isolating the harmonic content between the two interconnected feeders. This prevents harmonic pollution from one feeder from propagating to the other, improving the voltage quality. To implement the harmonic isolation, several control strategies can be used. Therefore, this paper provides a comparative analysis between two of the main harmonic control techniques found in the literature: the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) controller and the Proportional Resonant (PR) controller. Assessments are conducted both through simulations and experimental results in a meshed network at 13.8 kV with different types of non-linear loads. In the simulation cases, both algorithms showed similar results; however, in the experimental cases, the PR-based solution exhibited better performance in isolating the harmonics from one feeder to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Microbiota of Urine, Glans and Prostate Biopsies in Patients with Prostate Cancer Reveals a Dysbiosis in the Genitourinary System.
- Author
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Gonçalves, Micael F. M., Pina-Vaz, Teresa, Fernandes, Ângela Rita, Miranda, Isabel M., Silva, Carlos Martins, Rodrigues, Acácio Gonçalves, and Lisboa, Carmen
- Subjects
RNA analysis ,URINE microbiology ,PENIS ,BIOPSY ,PATHOGENESIS ,SEQUENCE analysis ,GENITOURINARY organs ,INFLAMMATION ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,PROSTATE ,DISCRIMINANT analysis ,CANCER patients ,HUMAN microbiota ,RESEARCH funding ,PROSTATE tumors ,BACTERIA ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Simple Summary: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer diagnosed among men aged 50 years and older. There is gaining interest in the genitourinary microbiome in developing ways to control this disease. In this work, an analysis of the bacterial microbiota was performed from urine samples, glans secretions, and prostate biopsies from patients with PCa, and the results were investigated and compared with non-PCa patients. Our results showed a distinct clustering of genera associated with urine samples and prostate biopsies of PCa and non-PCa patients. Observed microbial dysbiosis may increase chronic inflammation and ultimately prostate carcinogenesis. Future research on the biological functions of the uropathogens found is needed to understand their impact on the pathogenesis of PCa. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant neoplasm with the highest worldwide incidence in men aged 50 years and older. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbial dysbiosis may promote chronic inflammation linked to the development of PCa. Therefore, this study aims to compare the microbiota composition and diversity in urine, glans swabs, and prostate biopsies between men with PCa and non-PCa men. Microbial communities profiling was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that α-diversity (number and abundance of genera) was lower in prostate and glans, and higher in urine from patients with PCa, compared to non-PCa patients. The different genera of the bacterial community found in urine was significantly different in PCa patients compared to non-PCa patients, but they did not differ in glans and prostate. Moreover, comparing the bacterial communities present in the three different samples, urine and glans show a similar genus composition. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed significantly higher levels of the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Peptoniphilus, Negativicoccus, Actinomyces, Propionimicrobium, and Facklamia in urine of PCa patients, whereas Methylobacterium/Methylorubrum, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia were more abundant in the non-PCa patients. In glans, the genus Stenotrophomonas was enriched in PCa subjects, while Peptococcus was more abundant in non-PCa subjects. In prostate, Alishewanella, Paracoccus, Klebsiella, and Rothia were the overrepresented genera in the PCa group, while Actinomyces, Parabacteroides, Muribaculaceae sp., and Prevotella were overrepresented in the non-PCa group. These findings provide a strong background for the development of potential biomarkers with clinical interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Energetic Valorization of Bio-Waste from Municipal Solid Waste in Porto Santo Island.
- Author
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Pereira, Fabíola and Silva, Carlos
- Subjects
SOLID waste ,POWER resources ,CLEAN energy ,CHEMICAL energy ,WASTE recycling ,COGENERATION of electric power & heat ,FOOD industrial waste - Abstract
The valorization of bio-waste as a resource for green energy production will be beneficial at a social, economic, and environmental level in different regions. The scope of this research is to develop the energetic valorization of the bio-waste fraction from municipal solid waste, to produce biogas from the anaerobic digestion process and electricity in a biogas CHP process, to increase the penetration of renewables in the electricity production system, with an application of these technologies on islands instead of these waste fractions being transported to other regions. The methodologies developed included: 1. Identification and mapping of resources; 2. State-of-the-art of bio-waste parameters and process solutions; 3. Pilot initiative for separation, collection, and analysis of food waste fractions; 4. Development of process solutions according to resources and needs; 5. Determination of investment, production costs, and revenues of the solution created. The case study selected was Porto Santo Island, with the potential to reduce maritime transportation costs of these undifferentiated waste fractions to Madeira Island and contribute to developing an innovative solution for the energetic valorization of bio-waste, including the participation of the local community. The results demonstrated a production of 272,221 m
3 of biogas for use as fuel in a cogeneration unit to transform chemical energy into electrical and thermal energies. Furthermore, the self-consumption of the cogeneration unit is 25% of the total electricity produced and 29% of the total thermal energy produced. In conclusion, this research and solution is in compliance with PNEC, the EU Green Deal, and the European Directive 2018/851, which will make mandatory from 2024: the selective collection of bio-waste, 60% by weight of urban waste to be recycled by 2030, and only 10% of waste to be landfilled by 2035. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Crown-Level Structure and Fuel Load Characterization from Airborne and Terrestrial Laser Scanning in a Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Forest Ecosystem.
- Author
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Rocha, Kleydson Diego, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Cosenza, Diogo N., Mohan, Midhun, Klauberg, Carine, Schlickmann, Monique Bohora, Xia, Jinyi, Leite, Rodrigo V., de Almeida, Danilo Roberti Alves, Atkins, Jeff W., Cardil, Adrian, Rowell, Eric, Parsons, Russ, Sánchez-López, Nuria, Prichard, Susan J., and Hudak, Andrew T.
- Subjects
- *
LONGLEAF pine , *AIRBORNE lasers , *OPTICAL scanners , *ALLOMETRIC equations , *FUELWOOD - Abstract
Airborne Laser Scanners (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS) are two lidar systems frequently used for remote sensing forested ecosystems. The aim of this study was to compare crown metrics derived from TLS, ALS, and a combination of both for describing the crown structure and fuel attributes of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) dominated forest located at Eglin Air Force Base (AFB), Florida, USA. The study landscape was characterized by an ALS and TLS data collection along with field measurements within three large (1963 m2 each) plots in total, each one representing a distinct stand condition at Eglin AFB. Tree-level measurements included bole diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (HT), crown base height (CBH), and crown width (CW). In addition, the crown structure and fuel metrics foliage biomass (FB), stem branches biomass (SB), crown biomass (CB), and crown bulk density (CBD) were calculated using allometric equations. Canopy Height Models (CHM) were created from ALS and TLS point clouds separately and by combining them (ALS + TLS). Individual trees were extracted, and crown-level metrics were computed from the three lidar-derived datasets and used to train random forest (RF) models. The results of the individual tree detection showed successful estimation of tree count from all lidar-derived datasets, with marginal errors ranging from −4 to 3%. For all three lidar-derived datasets, the RF models accurately predicted all tree-level attributes. Overall, we found strong positive correlations between model predictions and observed values (R2 between 0.80 and 0.98), low to moderate errors (RMSE% between 4.56 and 50.99%), and low biases (between 0.03% and −2.86%). The highest R2 using ALS data was achieved predicting CBH (R2 = 0.98), while for TLS and ALS + TLS, the highest R2 was observed predicting HT, CW, and CBD (R2 = 0.94) and HT (R2 = 0.98), respectively. Relative RMSE was lowest for HT using three lidar datasets (ALS = 4.83%, TLS = 7.22%, and ALS + TLS = 4.56%). All models and datasets had similar accuracies in terms of bias (<2.0%), except for CB in ALS (−2.53%) and ALS + TLS (−2.86%), and SB in ALS + TLS data (−2.22%). These results demonstrate the usefulness of all three lidar-related methodologies and lidar modeling overall, along with lidar applicability in the estimation of crown structure and fuel attributes of longleaf pine forest ecosystems. Given that TLS measurements are less practical and more expensive, our comparison suggests that ALS measurements are still reasonable for many applications, and its usefulness is justified. This novel tree-level analysis and its respective results contribute to lidar-based planning of forest structure and fuel management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria.
- Author
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Faria, Neice Muller Xavier, Meucci, Rodrigo Dalke, Fiori, Nadia Spada, Carret, Maria Laura Vidal, Mello-da-Silva, Carlos Augusto, and Fassa, Anaclaudia Gastal
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Numerical Design of a Thread-Optimized Gripping System for Lap Joint Testing in a Split Hopkinson Apparatus.
- Author
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Moreira, Bernardo S., Nunes, Paulo D. P., da Silva, Carlos M., Tenreiro, António Francisco G., Lopes, António M., Carbas, Ricardo J. C., Marques, Eduardo A. S., Parente, Marco P. L., and da Silva, Lucas F. M.
- Subjects
LAP joints ,STRAIN rate ,TESTING equipment - Abstract
Currently, few experimental methods exist that enable the mechanical characterization of adhesives under high strain rates. One such method is the Split Hopkinson Bar (SHB) test. The mechanical characterization of adhesives is performed using different specimen configurations, such as Single Lap Joint (SLJ) specimens. A gripping system, attached to the bars through threading, was conceived to enable the testing of SLJs. An optimization study for selecting the best thread was performed, analyzing the thread type, the nominal diameter, and the thread pitch. Afterwards, the gripping system geometry was numerically evaluated. The optimal threaded connection for the specimen consists of a trapezoidal thread with a 14 mm diameter and a 2 mm thread pitch. To validate the gripping system, the load–displacement ( P − δ ) curve of an SLJ, which was simulated as if it were tested on the SHB apparatus, was compared with an analogous curve from a validated drop-weight test numerical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Post-Hurricane Damage Severity Classification at the Individual Tree Level Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Deep Learning.
- Author
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Klauberg, Carine, Vogel, Jason, Dalagnol, Ricardo, Ferreira, Matheus Pinheiro, Hamamura, Caio, Broadbent, Eben, and Silva, Carlos Alberto
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,TREES ,LASERS ,PINACEAE - Abstract
Natural disturbances like hurricanes can cause extensive disorder in forest structure, composition, and succession. Consequently, ecological, social, and economic alterations may occur. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and deep learning have been used for estimating forest attributes with high accuracy, but to date, no study has combined both TLS and deep learning for assessing the impact of hurricane disturbance at the individual tree level. Here, we aim to assess the capability of TLS and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) combined for classifying post-Hurricane Michael damage severity at the individual tree level in a pine-dominated forest ecosystem in the Florida Panhandle, Southern U.S. We assessed the combined impact of using either binary-color or multicolored-by-height TLS-derived 2D images along with six CNN architectures (Densenet201, EfficientNet_b7, Inception_v3, Res-net152v2, VGG16, and a simple CNN). The confusion matrices used for assessing the overall accuracy were symmetric in all six CNNs and 2D image variants tested with overall accuracy ranging from 73% to 92%. We found higher F-1 scores when classifying trees with damage severity varying from extremely leaning, trunk snapped, stem breakage, and uprooted compared to trees that were undamaged or slightly leaning (<45°). Moreover, we found higher accuracies when using VGG16 combined with multicolored-by-height TLS-derived 2D images compared with other methods. Our findings demonstrate the high capability of combining TLS with CNNs for classifying post-hurricane damage severity at the individual tree level in pine forest ecosystems. As part of this work, we developed a new open-source R package (rTLsDeep) and implemented all methods tested herein. We hope that the promising results and the rTLsDeep R package developed in this study for classifying post-hurricane damage severity at the individual tree level will stimulate further research and applications not just in pine forests but in other forest types in hurricane-prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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