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Developing low-cost, efficient alternatives to catalysts for bifunctional oxygen electrode catalysis in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for advancing the practical applications of alkaline fuel cells. In this study, Co particles and single atoms co-loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon (CoNC) were synthesized via pyrolysis of a C3N4 and cobalt nitrate mixture at varying temperatures (900, 950, and 1000 °C). The pyrolysis temperature and precursor ratios were found to significantly influence the ORR/OER performance of the resulting catalysts. The optimized CoNC-950 catalyst demonstrated exceptional ORR (E1/2 = 0.85 V) and OER (Ej10 = 320 mV) activities, surpassing commercial Pt/C + RuO2-based devices when used in a rechargeable zinc–air battery. This work presents an effective strategy for designing high-performance non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for alkaline environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism economy plays an essential role in supporting and driving tourism development. Therefore, studying its resilience is crucial for promoting sustainable and high-quality tourism development. The purpose of this study is to construct a tourism economic resilience evaluation index system and assess the tourism economic resilience of 10 counties and cities in the Ili River Valley from 2010 to 2019 using the entropy weight TOPSIS method. The results show that (1) the tourism economic resilience shows a "W"-shaped time-series dynamic development trend, especially a decline in 2012–2013 and 2015–2016; (2) the spatial pattern shows a non-equilibrium characteristic, with the northwestern part of the valley represented by Yining City showing a high level of resilience, and the central to southeastern counties and cities showing a lower level of resilience; (3) the spatio-temporal evolution steadily points to "northwest–southeast", and there are five toughness convergence clubs, with obvious stability and neighborhood effects; (4) and the analysis of the driving factors shows that the number of employees in the tertiary industry, especially the input of high-quality talents, is crucial to improving the quality of services, strengthening the ability to withstand risks and the potential for development, and its impact is significant. These results provide an important reference for the formulation of tourism development strategies and promote the sustainable development of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-light-level absorption coefficient of OH-contained and H2-impregnated synthetic fused silica material in 193 nm optical lithography application is determined via a laser calorimetry measurement. The fluence and repetition rate dependences of the absorptances of the deep ultraviolet (DUV)-fused silica samples with different thickness are measured. The measured dependences are fitted to a theoretical model, taking into consideration the generation and annealing of laser irradiation induced defects. The surface absorption, the low-light-level linear absorption coefficient, as well as the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the fused silica material are accurately determined via the fitting. The low-light-level linear absorption coefficients determined via the fluence dependence and the repetition rate dependence are in good agreement, demonstrating the reliability of the measured low-light-level absorption coefficient, which is the key parameter to the determination of the internal transmission of the DUV-fused silica material used in the 193 nm optical lithography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to clarify the relationship among the three systems of tourism industry, regional economy, and ecological environment in the Yili River Valley, which is essential for the sustainable development of the region. We explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the tourism–economy–ecosystem in the Yili River Valley using the center of gravity model, spatial mismatch index model, spatial variance model, and obstacle degree model, based on panel data from 2010 to 2019. The study shows that (1) the comprehensive development indices of the tourism industry, regional economy, and ecological environment in the Yili River Valley exhibit varying degrees of growth trends. Smaller increases are observed in ecological environment indices, while larger increases are found in regional economy and tourism industry indices. Both the regional economy and tourism industry indices share a strong correlation and similar development trends. (2) At the macro-regional scale, during the study period, the centers of gravity of the tourism industry, regional economy, and ecological environment in the Yili River Valley have consistently been separated from the spatial geometric center of the region. The degree of misalignment of the centers of gravity of the three systems as a whole has gradually reduced, indicating that the level of coordinated development of the region has continuously improved. (3) At the micro-regional scale, during the study period, most of the spatial misalignment indices of the Yili River Valley regions showed positive and negative fluctuations, and the types of misalignment varied to different degrees. However, the gap in spatial misalignment indices between different regions gradually narrowed, and the divergent characteristics of "east-west concentration, north-south dispersion" were gradually broken, with the overall indices showing a balanced development trend. (4) The spatial dislocation index of each region in the Yili River Valley is affected by multiple systems and factors, and the overall spatial dislocation factors are mainly the comprehensive utilization rate of general solid waste, exhaust gas emission, dust removal amount, etc., which mostly originate from the ecological environment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entity–relationship joint extraction model plays a significant role in entity relationship extraction. The existing entity–relationship joint extraction model cannot effectively identify entity–relationship triples in overlapping relationships. This paper proposes a new joint entity–relationship extraction model based on the span and a cascaded dual decoding. The model includes a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) encoding layer, a relational decoding layer, and an entity decoding layer. The model first converts the text input into the BERT pretrained language model into word vectors. Then, it divides the word vectors based on the span to form a span sequence and decodes the relationship between the span sequence to obtain the relationship type in the span sequence. Finally, the entity decoding layer fuses the span sequences and the relationship type obtained by relation decoding and uses a bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) neural network to obtain the head entity and tail entity in the span sequence. Using the combination of span division and cascaded double decoding, the overlapping relations existing in the text can be effectively identified. Experiments show that compared with other baseline models, the F1 value of the model is effectively improved on the NYT dataset and WebNLG dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Deafness is a common clinical disease and a major global public health problem worldwide. The hair cell regeneration is one of the most promising strategies to address hearing loss. Thus, it is urgent to explore the development and differentiation process of hair cells at the cellular and molecular level, which is the basis of "overall regeneration of functional auditory receptors". We observed the characteristics of Dmp1 involved in inner ear morphogenesis by using recombinant enzyme (Cre) transgenic mice to knockdown Dmp1 in early inner ear development. In our study, we found Dmp1 was already expressed early in inner ear development and Dmp1 mutant mice had abnormal hair cell morphology (disordered stereocilia and mislocalized kinococilia). It is reasonable to think that Dmp1 plays a role in the precise regulation of hair bundle morphogenesis. Dmp1 may be a suitable target molecule for the treatment of deafness, and our study provides strong support for gene therapy for sensorineural deafness. Dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1) is a highly phosphorylated, extracellular matrix protein that is extensively expressed in bone and teeth but also found in soft tissues, including brain and muscle. However, the functions of Dmp1 in the mice cochlea are unknown. Our study showed that Dmp1 was expressed in auditory hair cells (HCs), with the role of Dmp1 in those cells identified using Dmp1 cKD mice. Immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy of the cochlea at P1 revealed that Dmp1 deficiency in mice resulted in an abnormal stereociliary bundle morphology and the mispositioning of the kinocilium. The following experiments further demonstrated that the cell-intrinsic polarity of HCs was affected without apparent effect on the tissue planer polarity, based on the observation that the asymmetric distribution of Vangl2 was unchanged whereas the Gαi3 expression domain was enlarged and Par6b expression was slightly altered. Then, the possible molecular mechanisms of Dmp1 involvement in inner ear development were explored via RNA-seq analysis. The study suggested that the Fgf23–Klotho endocrine axis may play a novel role in the inner ear and Dmp1 may regulate the kinocilium–stereocilia interaction via Fgf23–Klotho signaling. Together, our results proved the critical role of Dmp1 in the precise regulation of hair bundle morphogenesis in the early development of HCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock-filled concrete (RFC) has good performance in terms of energy savings, cost reduction, and CO2 emissions as a novel massive concrete construction technology. There have been studies into replacing natural rocks in RFC with large blocks of solid waste, and this method has been used on several construction sites. However, the granular and powdery solid waste utilized in RFC is limited, as a consequence of the special requirement of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in RFC. The goal of this paper is to increase the amount of granular and powdery solid waste in RFC. Iron ore tailing (IOT) and phosphogypsum (PG) were used separately as granular and powdery solid waste. The modified PG, ground blast-furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag, and cement clinker are combined to form parathion gypsum slag cement in a specific proportion, with the ratio of PG, GBFS, steel slag, and cement being 47:47:2:2. To replace the natural rocks in RFC, artificial rockfills made of IOT and parathion gypsum slag cement are used to increase the dosage of solid waste. The artificial rockfills were formed using three methods: compressing, roller compacting, and normal vibrating. When the compressive strength and material costs of the three types of artificial rockfills are compared, the compressing method is the best for maximizing the IOT. In artificial rockfills, the mass fraction of granular solid waste is 83.3%, and the mass fraction of total solid waste is 99.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]