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The performance of an electronic radiator filled with metal foam with a porosity of 96% was studied. The effect of the factors including the flow rates, the pores per linear inch (PPI) and the numbers of fins was analyzed. The results show that the electronic radiator with metal foam reflects a stronger ability of the heat transfer compared to the electronic radiator without metal foam. With the increase in the flow rate between 10 L/h and 60 L/h, the heat transfer coefficient of both of the two electronic radiators will be improved, but it is also dependent on the number of fins. In this study, we find that the heat transfer coefficient first increases and then decreases with the number of fins. The optimum number is three. As for the effect of the PPI, the higher the PPI, the larger the heat transfer coefficient, while the pressure drop always increases with the flow rates' increase, the pores per linear inch (PPI) and the numbers of fins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the air-cooler in refrigeration systems plays a key role in their energy efficiency. Here, the plenum-chamber coefficient was defined to investigate a possible way of enhancing the refrigeration coefficient that reflects the efficiency of the system. To investigate the influence of the plenum-chamber coefficient on the frosting and the cooling system of the air-cooler, three plenum-chamber coefficients (0.74, 0.97, 1.2) were studied under two different relative humidities. The temperature decreasing curve of the environmental chamber, the velocity distribution of the air-cooler, and the frost accumulation under and on the air-cooler were analyzed. We find that the homogeneity of the velocity distribution of the air-cooler and the frost accumulation increase with a growing plenum-chamber coefficient, while the frost accumulation on the fin will first increase and then decrease with the increase in the plenum-chamber coefficient. In general, frosting is more present when the plenum-chamber coefficient is 0.97. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Droplet nucleation and evaporation are ubiquitous in nature and many technological applications, such as phase-change cooling and boiling heat transfer. So far, the description of these phenomena at the molecular scale has posed challenges for modelling with most of the models being implemented on a lattice. Here, we propose an off-lattice Monte-Carlo approach combined with a grid that can be used for the investigation of droplet formation and evaporation. We provide the details of the model, its implementation as Python code, and results illustrating its dependence on various parameters. The method can be easily extended for any force-field (e.g., coarse-grained, all-atom models, and external fields, such as gravity and electric field). Thus, we anticipate that the proposed model will offer opportunities for a wide range of studies in various research areas involving droplet formation and evaporation and will also form the basis for further method developments for the molecular modelling of such phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]