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Farmland ecosystems represent a vital carbon source and sink within terrestrial ecosystems. The investigation into the characteristics of carbon emissions and their influencing factors within farmland ecosystems is crucial for the realization of carbon reduction and the promotion of low-carbon development. This study leveraged the analytical prowess of CiteSpace software (version 6.1.5) to examine a comprehensive body of 2805 scholarly works related to carbon emissions within agricultural ecosystems, as documented in the Web of Science Core Database from 1991 through to 2023. Through a visual dissection of data based on national, institutional, and thematic dimensions, the study elucidated emergent focal points and evolving trajectories within this scholarly domain. The findings revealed that current scholarly discussions on carbon emissions from agricultural lands have primarily focused on three key areas: the factors that influence these emissions, the possibilities for their reduction, and the subsequent environmental impacts. Focal points of research have predominantly centered on four key themes: "greenhouse gas emissions from farmland ecosystems", "carbon emission models for farmland ecosystems", "carbon sequestration in farmland ecosystems", and "sustainable development in agricultural ecosystems". The academic perspective has gradually shifted from a broad overview of carbon emissions towards a detailed examination of the determinants of emissions and the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization. Looking forward, it is crucial to explore the mechanisms behind high-carbon agricultural practices and to establish their optimal operational thresholds. The focus of research is shifting from macro carbon emissions to the analysis of emission factors and the efficiency of agricultural input use. Future efforts should emphasize exploring the mechanisms of the environmental impacts caused by high-carbon agricultural inputs and the optimal input levels, refining emission reduction methods in agricultural ecosystems, and promoting collaboration and exchange among researchers worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological restoration, as a vital means of effectively enhancing the carbon sink function of ecosystems, is currently the subject of active research by scientists. Researchers are actively exploring how to scientifically assess the response mechanisms of ecosystem carbon reservoirs during the process of ecological restoration. In this study, CiteSpace 6.1.(R3 and R6) literature visualization software was employed to conduct data mining on 1566 research articles published from 1996 to 2022, focusing on the impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem carbon reservoirs, as recorded in the Web of Science core database. The analysis involved visualizing various aspects, including the countries involved, research institutions, publication output, research hotspots, and cutting-edge research areas. The research indicates that China holds significant influence in the study of the impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem carbon reservoirs. The literature covers a wide range of research directions and encompasses rich content on the subject matter. The current research focuses on ecological restoration, and its impact on the carbon sink function of ecosystems mainly revolves around four key themes: "the carbon sequestration potential of ecological restoration", "technological approaches to enhancing the carbon sink function of ecological restoration", "the importance of assessing carbon sink in terrestrial ecosystems", and "characteristics of carbon sources/sinks in terrestrial ecosystems". Currently, the development of research findings on the impact of ecological restoration on the carbon reservoirs of ecosystems is progressing rapidly. Novel research theories, methodologies, and scientific techniques are emerging, necessitating the continuous monitoring and investigation of scholarship in this field. It is crucial to integrate ongoing global environmental-change factors, ensuring the continuity of research and observations and, thus, furnishing robust data support for the assessment and computation of ecosystem carbon sinks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: MPUV/chlorine increased the chlorine demand and DBPFP of benzoic acid and nitrobenzene. MPUV/chlorine showed no further activation on active DBP precursors. MPUV/chlorine at pH 6 showed greater impact on precursors' DBPFP than at pH 8. MPUV/chlorine increased the BSF of THMs in the presence of bromine. Linear correlation was observed between changes in precursors' chlorine demand and DBPFP. UV/chlorine advanced oxidation process (AOP), as a potential alternative to UV/H2O2 in water treatment, may pose a potential risk of increased disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and is of great concern. In this paper, seven benzene derivatives, containing two chlorine-inert and five chlorine-active compounds, were selected as typical model DBP precursors, and the effects of medium pressure UV/chlorine (MPUV/chlorine) on their chlorine demand and DBP formation potential (DBPFP) were evaluated. The results showed that MPUV/chlorine could significantly increase the chlorine demand and DBPFP of the two inert precursors. For the four slow but active DBP precursors, MPUV/chlorine may accelerate their short-term DBP formation, whereas it showed an insignificant effect or even reduced their chlorine demand and DBPFP. For the only fast and active DBP precursor, MPUV/chlorine showed an insignificant effect on its short-term DBP formation or DBPFP. The overall effect of MPUV/chlorine was more significant at pH 6 than at pH 8. In the presence of Br−, MPUV/chlorine significantly increased the bromine substitution factors of THMs. In addition, linear fitting results indicated that the UV/chlorine-induced change in overall chlorine demand may be considered as a potential indicator for the prediction of DBPFP alteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]