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An improved star-shaped honeycomb (ISSH) is a kind of honeycomb structure with excellent performance. The main objective of this study was to provide some ideas for the optimization of the ISSH structure in ships. As a result, 2D-ISSH specimens were fabricated using 3D printing technology, and a quasistatic compression test was carried out to investigate the deformation mode and mechanical properties. The experimental results showed that the 2D-ISSH structure exhibited "V"-shaped and "-"-shaped deformation patterns with a double-platform stress stage. To further utilize the excellent performance of the structure and obtain a better negative Poisson's ratio effect and broader application, based on the properties of the 2D-ISSH specimen, a 3D-ISSH structure was proposed and a finite element simulation was carried out. The simulation results of the 3D-ISSH structure showed different deformation patterns, including "X"- shaped and "-"-shaped patterns. According to the deformation mechanism of typical cells, the stress formula for the 3D-ISSH double platform was derived, and the theoretical results agreed well with the numerical results. The effects of the structural design, materials, and dimensions on the mechanical properties, such as the energy absorption and negative Poisson's ratio, of the ISSH and similar structures were explored. The combined performance of various honeycombs was evaluated from multiple perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MADS domain transcription factors play roles throughout the whole lifecycle of plants from seeding to flowering and fruit-bearing. However, systematic research into MADS-box genes of the economically important vegetable crop pepper (Capsicum spp.) is still lacking. We identified 174, 207, and 72 MADS-box genes from the genomes of C. annuum, C. baccatum, and C. chinense, respectively. These 453 MADS-box genes were divided into type I (Mα, Mβ, Mγ) and type II (MIKC* and MIKCC) based on their phylogenetic relationships. Collinearity analysis identified 144 paralogous genes and 195 orthologous genes in the three Capsicum species, and 70, 114, and 10 MADS-box genes specific to C. annuum, C. baccatum, and C. chinense, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis highlighted functional differentiation among homologous MADS-box genes during pepper evolution. Tissue expression analysis revealed three main expression patterns: highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers (CaMADS93/CbMADS35/CcMADS58); only expressed in roots; and specifically expressed in flowers (CaMADS26/CbMADS31/CcMADS11). Protein interaction network analysis showed that type II CaMADS mainly interacted with proteins related to flowering pathway and flower organ development. This study provides the basis for an in-depth study of the evolutionary features and biological functions of pepper MADS-box genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional geographic information systems (3D GIS) attempt to understand and express the real world from the perspective of 3D space. Currently, 3D GIS perspective carriers are mainly 2D and not 3D, which influences how 3D information is expressed and further affects the user cognition and understanding of 3D information. Using mixed reality as a carrier of 3D GIS is promising and may overcome problems when using 2D perspective carriers in 3D GIS. The objective of this paper is to propose an architecture and method to leverage the Microsoft HoloLens in 3D geographic information (Holo3DGIS). The architecture is designed according to three processes for developing holographic 3D GIS; the three processes are the creation of a 3D asset, the development of a Holo3DGIS application, and the compiler deployment of the Holo3DGIS application. Basic geographic data of Philadelphia were used to test the proposed methods and Holo3DGIS. The experimental results showed that the Holo3DGIS can leverage 3D geographic information with the Microsoft HoloLens. By changing the traditional 3D geographic information carrier from a 2D computer screen perspective to mixed reality glasses using the HoloLens 3D holographic perspective, it changed the traditional vision, body sense, and interaction modes, which enables GIS users to experience real 3D GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonly, a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) is based on a two-dimensional (2D) visualization platform, hindering the understanding and expression of the real world in 3D space that further limits user cognition and understanding of 3D geographic information. Mixed reality (MR) adopts 3D display technology, which enables users to recognize and understand a computer-generated world from the perspective of 3D glasses and solves the problem that users are restricted to the perspective of a 2D screen, with a broad application foreground. However, there is a gap, especially dynamically, in modelling and visualizing a holographic 3D geographical Scene with GIS data/information under the development mechanism of a mixed reality system (e.g., the Microsoft HoloLens). This paper attempts to propose a design architecture (HoloDym3DGeoSce) to model and visualize holographic 3D geographical scenes with timely data based on mixed reality technology and the Microsoft HoloLens. The HoloDym3DGeoSce includes two modules, 3D geographic scene modelling with timely data and HoloDym3DGeoSce interactive design. 3D geographic scene modelling with timely data dynamically creates 3D geographic scenes based on Web services, providing materials and content for the HoloDym3DGeoSce system. The HoloDym3DGeoSce interaction module includes two methods: Human–computer physical interaction and human–computer virtual–real interaction. The human–computer physical interaction method provides an interface for users to interact with virtual geographic scenes. The human–computer virtual–real interaction method maps virtual geographic scenes to physical space to achieve virtual and real fusion. According to the proposed architecture design scheme, OpenStreetMap data and the BingMap Server are used as experimental data to realize the application of mixed reality technology to the modelling, rendering, and interacting of 3D geographic scenes, providing users with a stronger and more realistic 3D geographic information experience, and more natural human–computer GIS interactions. The experimental results show that the feasibility and practicability of the scheme have good prospects for further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]