1. The Effect of Functional Fiber on Microbiota Composition in Different Intestinal Segments of Obese Mice
- Author
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Jian Peng, Chenbin Cui, Jianhua Liu, Xiaoyu Wu, Hongkui Wei, Rong Zheng, Jianwei Gao, and Chuanhui Xu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbial metabolism ,Mice, Obese ,Feces ,Mice ,Anaerostipes ,microbiota composition ,Prevotella ,traceability analysis ,Food science ,Biology (General) ,Cecum ,Spectroscopy ,biology ,Hindgut ,General Medicine ,Biodiversity ,dietary fiber ,Computer Science Applications ,Chemistry ,Organ Specificity ,Disease Susceptibility ,obese mice ,food.ingredient ,QH301-705.5 ,Colon ,030106 microbiology ,digestive system ,Catalysis ,Article ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Animals ,Obesity ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,QD1-999 ,Ruminococcus ,Organic Chemistry ,Lachnospiraceae ,different segment ,Foregut ,biology.organism_classification ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Bacteroides - Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a heterogeneous ecosystem with distinct, stratified environments, which leads to different microbial composition in different intestinal segments. The regional heterogeneity of intestinal microbiota complicates the relationship between diet and microbiota. Few studies have focused on the effects of different diets on microbiota in different intestinal segments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional fiber on the microbial composition in multiple intestinal segments from a high-fat diet compared with a normal chow diet. We found that the response of microbiota from different intestinal segments to diet was related to the intestinal physiologic function and the physicochemical properties of dietary nutrients. A high-fat diet drove changes in the microbial composition in the hindgut, possibly by affecting the digestive environment of the foregut, and increased the regional heterogeneity of the whole intestinal microbiota. The supplementation of functional fiber promoted the microbial transfer and colonization from the anterior to the posterior intestinal segments, and increased the regional similarity of intestinal microbiota accordingly, particularly within the hindgut. The gut fermentation of the functional fiber, which mainly occurred in the hindgut, resulted in a significant change in the microbial composition and metabolism in the cecum and colon, with richer carbohydrate metabolism-related bacteria, including Mucispirillum, Prevotella, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus (Lachnospiraceae), and Allobaculum, and higher production of acetate and butyrate. We concluded that multiple regulatory mechanisms of diets which affect microbiota composition exist, including microbial metabolism, microbial migration, and the regulation of the intestinal environment.
- Published
- 2021