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Simple Summary: Human–wildlife conflict refers to conflicts that arise from the occurrence or behavior of wildlife that poses a threat to humans directly or indirectly. The wild boar, as one of the most widely distributed ungulates in the world, is known to dominate the species in mountain ecosystems in China. Here, we integrated data collected from damage and camera trap surveys to understand the damage status, abundance and density and activity rhythms of wild boar in Zhejiang, Eastern China. The damage distribution, density and activity rhythms provide specific priority management regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management. Human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and when the species conduct their activity. Here, we integrated data collected from 90 districts/counties' damage surveys and 1271 camera traps to understand the damage status, abundance, density and activity rhythms of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Zhejiang, Eastern China, from January 2019 to August 2023. We found that (1) wild boar–human conflicts were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest mountainous regions of Zhejiang Province; (2) the total abundance of wild boar was 115,156 ± 24,072 individuals, indicating a growing trend over the past decade and a higher density in the western and southern regions; (3) wild boar exhibited different activity patterns across different damage regions, and the periods around 7:00, 11:00 and 16:00 represented activity peaks for wild boar in seriously damaged regions. The damage distribution, density, distribution and activity rhythms provide specific priority regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings based on the damage, distribution and activity could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management at the county level and enrich the framework of human–wildlife conflict mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In this study, we investigated how predators and conspecific density impact the growth of Chinhai spiny newt larvae. Using a two-factor experimental design, we manipulated both factors to explore their independent and interactive effects on larval development. Our findings demonstrate that both high and low conspecific densities constrain larval growth, while predators also limit growth. Interestingly, high conspecific density restricts predator-induced growth plasticity without interacting effects. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between environmental factors and larval development in endangered Chinhai spiny newts. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing conservation strategies aimed at protecting this vulnerable species. Predators significantly influence amphibian larval development. Predator-induced plasticity is often studied independently from conspecific density effects, but these environmental factors may interact. We conducted two-factor factorial experimental design to manipulate conspecific density and predator cues, aiming to investigate the independently or interactive impacts of these two factors on the development of Chinhai spiny newt larvae (Echinotriton chinhaiensis). Our findings reveal that both high and low conspecific densities constrain spiny newt larval growth and predators also limit growth. Interestingly, high conspecific density restricts predator-induced growth plasticity without interacting effects. Only lower density groups exhibit slower growth responses to predators. Our study investigates how density mediates predator-induced plasticity in the endangered Chinhai spiny newt larvae, providing insights into their intricate life history. These results contribute to the understanding of predator-induced plasticity in amphibians and provide insights into the adaptive strategies of endangered species like Chinhai spiny newt. Such knowledge informs the development of effective conservation strategies for their protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]