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Harnessing commonsense knowledge poses a significant challenge for machine comprehension systems. This paper primarily focuses on incorporating a specific subset of commonsense knowledge, namely, script knowledge. Script knowledge is about sequences of actions that are typically performed by individuals in everyday life. Our experiments were centered around the MCScript dataset, which was the basis of the SemEval-2018 Task 11: Machine Comprehension using Commonsense Knowledge. As a baseline, we utilized our Three-Way Attentive Networks (TriANs) framework to model the interactions among passages, questions, and answers. Building upon the TriAN, we proposed to: (1) integrate a pre-trained language model to capture script knowledge; (2) introduce multi-layer attention to facilitate multi-hop reasoning; and (3) incorporate positional embeddings to enhance the model's capacity for event-ordering reasoning. In this paper, we present our proposed methods and prove their efficacy in improving script knowledge integration and reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost and high-performance electrocatalysts are crucial for water-splitting reactions. Some non-precious metal electrocatalysts are proved to be good replacements for noble metal due to the unique electronic structure features and excellent performance. In this work, binary Ni-Co-based layered double hydroxide nanoneedle arrays electrocatalysts are synthesized on Ni foam (NF) via a hydrothermal process. The microstructure and the catalytic performance of the catalyst changes significantly by regulating the molar ratio of Ni/Co. The theoretical analysis confirmed that the as-prepared NiCo-LDH nanoneedle arrays reveal a potential behavior in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at a lower overpotential of 305 mV at 10.0 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 110.38 mV dec−1. The double-layer capacitance (Cdl) is 776 mF cm−2, which indicates that there are many active sites that are exposed on the surface for the electrocatalytic reaction. The results provide an obvious reference value to other types of LDH catalysts for the development of water electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepoda is a large and diverse group of crustaceans, which is widely distributed worldwide. It encompasses roughly 9 orders, whose phylogeny remains unresolved. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Sinergasilus major (Markevich, 1940) and used it to explore the phylogeny and mitogenomic evolution of Copepoda. The mitogenome of S. major (14,588 bp) encodes the standard 37 genes as well as a putative control region, and molecular features are highly conserved compared to other Copepoda mitogenomes. Comparative analyses indicated that the nad2 gene has relatively high nucleotide diversity and evolutionary rate, as well as the largest amount of phylogenetic information. These results indicate that nad2 may be a better marker to investigate phylogenetic relationships among closely related species in Copepoda than the commonly used cox1 gene. The sister-group relationship of Siphonostomatoida and Cyclopoida was recovered with strong support in our study. The only topological ambiguity was found within Cyclopoida, which might be caused by the rapid evolution and sparse taxon sampling of this lineage. More taxa and genes should be used to reconstruct the Copepoda phylogeny in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As optoelectronic products continue to advance rapidly, the need for effective heat dissipation has become increasingly crucial due to the emphasis on miniaturization and high integration. The vapor chamber is widely used for cooling electronic systems as a passive liquid–gas two-phase high-efficiency heat exchange device. In this paper, we designed and manufactured a new kind of vapor chamber using cotton yarn as the wick material, combined with a fractal pattern layout of leaf veins. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to analyze the performance of the vapor chamber under natural convection circumstances. SEM showed that many tiny pores and capillaries were formed between the cotton yarn fibers, which are very suitable as the wick material of the vapor chamber. Additionally, experimental findings demonstrated the favorable flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cotton yarn wick within the vapor chamber, which makes the vapor chamber have significant heat dissipation capability, compared to the other two vapor chambers; this vapor chamber has a thermal resistance of only 0.43 °C/W at a thermal load of 8.7 W. In addition, the vapor chamber showed good antigravity capability, and its performance did not show significant changes between horizontal and vertical positions; the maximum difference in thermal resistance at four tilt angles is only 0.06 °C/W. This paper also studied the influence of vacuum degree and filling amount on the performance of the vapor chamber. These findings indicate that the proposed vapor chamber provides a promising thermal management solution for some mobile electronic devices and provides a new idea for selecting wick materials for vapor chambers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A capacitive voltage transformer (CVT) is one of the electrical quantities measurement devices, and the state of its internal insulation is the key factor for ensuring the accuracy of its measurement of electrical energy. In view of the fact that the traditional real-time evaluation method of a CVT internal insulation anomaly mainly relies on empirical rules and prior knowledge and lacks the ability to independently mine effective features, an online evaluation method of a CVT internal insulation anomaly based on self-supervised learning is proposed. Firstly, an autoencoder is constructed to extract the residual sequence of the CVT secondary voltage and eliminate the influence of primary voltage fluctuation and power system voltage regulation. Without any prior knowledge, the complex dependence of the residual sequences in time and feature dimensions is learned by using a parallel graph attention layer (GATv2). Finally, a joint optimization based on the prediction and reconstruction model is introduced to obtain the abnormal inference score at each timestamp and realize the evaluation of the CVT internal insulation status. Experimental analysis shows that this method can effectively eliminate the influence of primary voltage fluctuation and power system voltage regulation on the online evaluation of the CVT internal insulation status and independently excavate the abnormal characteristics of the CVT secondary voltage to realize real-time monitoring and early warning of the CVT internal insulation status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of miniaturized, highly integrated, and multifunctional electronic devices, the heat flow per unit area has increased dramatically, making heat dissipation a bottleneck in the development of the electronics industry. The purpose of this study is to develop a new inorganic thermal conductive adhesive to overcome the contradiction between the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of organic thermal conductive adhesives. In this study, an inorganic matrix material, sodium silicate, was used, and diamond powder was modified to become a thermal conductive filler. The influence of the content of diamond powder on the thermal conductive adhesive properties was studied through systematic characterization and testing. In the experiment, diamond powder modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent was selected as the thermal conductive filler and filled into a sodium silicate matrix with a mass fraction of 34% to prepare a series of inorganic thermal conductive adhesives. The thermal conductivity of the diamond powder and its content on the thermal conductivity of the adhesive were studied by testing the thermal conductivity and taking SEM photos. In addition, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and EDS testing were used to analyze the composition of the modified diamond powder surface. Through the study of diamond content, it was found that as the diamond content gradually increases, the adhesive performance of the thermal conductive adhesive first increases and then decreases. The best adhesive performance was achieved when the diamond mass fraction was 60%, with a tensile shear strength of 1.83 MPa. As the diamond content increased, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive adhesive first increased and then decreased. The best thermal conductivity was achieved when the diamond mass fraction was 50%, with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 10.32 W/(m·K). The best adhesive performance and thermal conductivity were achieved when the diamond mass fraction was between 50% and 60%. The inorganic thermal conductive adhesive system based on sodium silicate and diamond proposed in this study has outstanding comprehensive performance and is a promising new thermal conductive material that can replace organic thermal conductive adhesives. The results of this study provide new ideas and methods for the development of inorganic thermal conductive adhesives and are expected to promote the application and development of inorganic thermal conductive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Named Data Network (NDN) enables efficient content dissemination through interest-based retrieval, name-based routing, and content caching. In the industrial Internet architecture based on NDN, device identity distribution, identification, resolution, and routing rely on identification resolution technology. However, this approach presents challenges such as cache poisoning, interest packet flood attacks, and black hole attacks. Existing security schemes primarily focused on routing forwarding and verification fail to address critical concerns, including routing environment credibility and data leakage, while exhibiting poor time and space efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight behavior auditing scheme using blockchain technology. The scheme utilizes an improved Bloom filter to compress behavioral information like interest and data packets during the identification transmission process. The compressed data are subsequently uploaded to a blockchain for auditing, achieving efficient space and time utilization while maintaining feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of high-performance and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is crucial for environment friendly hydrogen production. Some transition metals have been proven to be good substitutes for noble metals due to their unique electronic structural characteristics and good electrocatalytic performances, with examples including nickel and cobalt, which are usually used to prepare OER electrocatalysts. In this work, we synthesized three-dimensional Ni-Co-Fe ternary layered double hydroxide nanosheet array electrocatalysts via hydrothermal process. Iron element was introduced into the Ni-Co based hydroxide. The ternary layered double hydroxide has a nanoarrays microstructure. Theoretical analysis confirms that by adjusting the ratio of Ni/Co/Fe, the microstructure of the catalyst changes significantly. Attributed to the special nanostructure, the catalysts show superior catalytic activities in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results show that a small overpotential of 222 mV at the current density of 20 mA·cm−2 for the OER in 1.0 M KOH is acquired. A small Tafel slope of 61.22 mVdec−1 and a maximum specific capacitance of 239 Fg−1 are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parthenium hysterophorus L., as an invasive plant, has negatively impacted the ecosystem functioning and stability of the terrestrial ecosystem in China. However, little information was available for its effects on microorganisms in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), the biggest newly-formed wetland in China. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain the bacterial community in soils and roots of different plant species, including P. hysterophorus and some native ones in the YRD. Our results showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Actinobacteriota were dominant in the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (84.2%) and Setaria viridis (86.47%), and the bulk soils (80.7%). The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were dominant within the root of P. hysterophorus. A total of 2468 bacterial OTUs were obtained from different groups among which 140 were observed in all the groups; 1019 OTUs were shared by P. hysterophorus non-rhizosphere soil bacteria (YNR) P. hysterophorus rhizosphere soil bacteria (YRR) groups. The indexes of the ACE (823.1), Chao1 (823.19), Simpson (0.9971), and Shannon (9.068) were the highest in the YRR groups, showing the greatest bacterial community diversity. Random forest analysis showed that the Methylomirabilota and Dadabacteria (at the phylum level) and the Sphingomonas, and Woeseia (at the genus level) were identified as the main predictors among different groups. The LEfSe results also showed the essential role of the Acidobacteriota in the YRR group. The SourceTracker analysis of the bacterial community of the YRR group was mainly from GBS groups (average 53.14%) and a small part was from YNR groups (average 6.56%), indicating that the P. hysterophorus invasion had a more significant effect on native plants' rhizosphere microorganisms than soil microorganisms. Our observations could provide valuable information for understanding the bacterial diversity and structure of the soil to the invasion of P. hysterophorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction is a key process in hydrogen production from water splitting. The development of non-noble metal electrode materials with high efficiency and low cost has become the key factor for large-scale hydrogen production. Binary NiCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been used as a non-noble metal electrocatalyst for OER, but its overpotential is still large. The microstructure of the catalyst is tuned by doping Mo ions into the NiCo-LDH/NF nanowires to form ternary NiCoMo-LDH/NF nanosheet catalysts for the purpose of enhancing the active sites and reducing the initial overpotential. Only 1.5 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), ≈270 mV overpotential) is required to achieve a catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 81.46 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH solution, which manifests the best performance of NiCo-based catalysts reported up to now. Electrochemical analysis and micro-morphology show that the high catalytic activity of NiCoMo-LDH/NF is attributable to the change of the microstructure. The interconnected nanosheet arrays have the obvious advantages of electrolyte diffusion and ion migration. Thus, the active sites of catalysts are significantly increased, which facilitates the adsorption and desorption of intermediates. We conclude that NiCoMo-LDH/NF is a promising electrode material for its low cost and excellent electrocatalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of wearable smart electronic products, high-performance wearable flexible strain sensors are urgently needed. In this paper, a flexible strain sensor device with Fe NWs/Graphene/PEDOT:PSS material added under a porous structure was designed and prepared. The effects of adding different sensing materials and a different number of dips with PEDOT:PSS on the device performance were investigated. The experiments show that the flexible strain sensor obtained by using Fe NWs, graphene, and PEDOT:PSS composite is dipped in polyurethane foam once and vacuum dried in turn with a local linearity of 98.8%, and the device was stable up to 3500 times at 80% strain. The high linearity and good stability are based on the three-dimensional network structure of polyurethane foam, combined with the excellent electrical conductivity of Fe NWs, the bridging and passivation effects of graphene, and the stabilization effect of PEDOT:PSS, which force the graphene-coated Fe NWs to adhere to the porous skeleton under the action of PEDOT:PSS to form a stable three-dimensional conductive network. Flexible strain sensor devices can be applied to smart robots and other fields and show broad application prospects in intelligent wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the post-epidemic era, O2O e-commerce on community breaks through the original business model and forms a new online-to-offline integrated business model. This study is based on the value co-creation perspective and the TAM-TPB theory systematically builds a theoretical model of consumers' continuous use intention of O2O e-commerce on the community. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to verify the research hypotheses. The research results were as follows: (1) the subjective norms and structural assurance in social factors have a positive impact on consumers' continuous use intention; (2) the degree of convenience and safety in platform factors not only positively affect customer satisfaction but also positively affect customers' continuous use intension, and customer satisfaction mediates between platform factors and customers' continuous use intension; (3) customer–enterprise co-creation has a positive impact on customer perceived value, and customer perceived value plays a mediating role between customer–enterprise co-creation behavior and consumers' willingness to continue using; (4) customer perceived value and customer satisfaction in the user factor have a significant impact on consumers' continuous use intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The black soldier fly (BSF) is a viable solution for food waste management and can provide a sustainable protein source to feed the growing global population. However, the growth performance of BSF larvae (BSFL) is greatly influenced by the rearing substrate. An imbalanced diet caused by the utilization of single substrate could be solved using a mix of different waste types and formulating a more balanced diet, which would provide a more reasonable nutritious and balanced energy feed for larval growth. This study focused on the effects of different proportions of mixtures of soybean curd residue (SCR) and kitchen waste (KW) on the performance of BSFL. The key findings of this study are: the highest larval biomass (30.32 g fresh and 11.38 g dry mass), bioconversion rate (18.54%) and larval crude lipid (45.91%), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (2.51) were obtained when BSFL were fed with 30% SCR and 70% KW. The production of insect biomass from organic waste is a major challenge in terms of reducing the environmental impacts of waste and maintaining feed and food security. The feasibility of the co-conversion of soybean curd residue (SCR) and kitchen waste (KW) to breed black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larvae was evaluated so as to enhance biomass conversion efficiency and supply animal feed and allow it to be used in biodiesel production. Co-digestion was found to significantly increase larval yield, bioconversion rate, and bioaccumulation of lipid. Partial least squares regression showed that the conversion of 30% SCR with 70% KW is an appropriate proportion. The appropriate performance parameters of BSF were: survival rate (98.75%), prepupal rate (88.61%), larval biomass (30.32 g fresh and 11.38 g dry mass), bioconversion rate (18.45%), efficiency conversion of ingested food (ECI) (28.30%), and FCR (2.51). Our results show that conversion of mixtures (e.g., SCR with KW) by BSF larvae (BSFL) could play an important role in various organic materials management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is renowned for its bioconversion of organic waste into a sustainable source of animal feed. Gut microbes play an essential role in aiding their host during the digestion of complex substrates by possessing metabolic properties that the insect lacks. Microbes that survive the gut passage are candidates for microbes that contribute more to larval development, besides just being a nutrient source. Insect larvae cohabit in some form of symbiosis with microbes. Here, a preliminary experiment was performed to explore the dynamics of the H. illucens gut microbiota and the changes in the composition of the bacterial community in organic waste with six different functional strains of the larval feed during rearing. The results showed that the increase in the abundance of Lysinibacillus in the experimental group that was exposed to Lysinibacillus sphaericus was significantly different to the other groups (p < 0.05). The results indicate that H. illucens larvae have a stable gut microbiome that does not change significantly during larval development, whereas bacterial communities in the feed residue with the addition of certain bacteria can be slightly affected by rearing. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) have emerged as an efficient system for the bioconversion of organic waste. Intestinal microorganisms are involved in several insect functions, including the development, nutrition, and physiology of the host. In order to transform the intestinal bacterial community of BSF directionally, six different potential functional strains (Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudocitrobacter faecalis, Pseudocitrobacter anthropi, and Enterococcus faecalis) were added to aseptic food waste, and aseptic food waste was used without inoculants as a blank control to evaluate the changes in the intestinal microbiota of BSF under artificial intervention conditions. These six strains (which were isolated from the larval intestinal tract in selective media and then identified and screened) may be considered responsible for the functional characteristics of larvae. The results imply that the increase in the abundance of Lysinibacillus in the experimental group that was exposed to Lysinibacillus sphaericus was significantly different to the other groups (p < 0.05). The results revealed that it is feasible to transform the intestinal microbiota of BSF directionally; there are differences in the proliferation of different strains in the intestine of BSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of bridge infrastructures are rising significantly due to economic expansion and growing numbers of railway and road infrastructures. Owing to the complexity of bridge design, traditional design methods always create tedious and time-consuming construction processes. In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been developed rapidly to provide a faster solution to generate and process the integration of information in a shared environment. This paper aims to highlight an innovative 6D BIM approach for the lifecycle asset management of a bridge infrastructure by using Donggou Bridge as a case study. This paper adopts 6D modelling, incorporating 3D model information with time schedule, cost estimation, and carbon footprint analysis across the lifecycle of the bridge project. The results of this paper reveal that raw materials contribute the most embodied carbon emissions, and as the 6D BIM model was developed in the early stage of the lifecycle, stakeholders can collaborate within the BIM environment to enhance a more sustainable and cost-effective outcome in advance. This study also demonstrates the possibility of BIM applications to bridge infrastructure projects throughout the whole lifecycle. The 6D BIM can save time by transforming 2D information to 3D information and reducing errors during the pre-construction and construction stages through better visualisation for staff training. Moreover, 6D BIM can promote efficient asset and project management since it can be applied for various purposes simultaneously, such as sustainability, lifecycle asset management and maintenance, condition monitoring and real-time structural simulations. In addition, BIM can promote cooperation among working parties and improve visualisation of the project for various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]