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This paper reports a fiber in-line Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) fabricated in a no-core fiber using the direct femtosecond laser writing technique for high-temperature sensing applications. Two in-line reflectors are directly inscribed in a no-core fiber to construct a low-finesse FPI. Fringe visibility greater than 10 dB is obtained from the reflection spectra of the fabricated no-core fiber FPIs. Temperature responses of a prototype no-core fiber FPI are characterized up to 1000 °C. The proposed configuration is compact and easy to fabricate, making it attractive for sensing applications in high-temperature harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to explore the effects of ultra-high pressure (UHP) on the cathepsin (B, D, H, and L) activities, protein oxidation, and degradation properties as well as quality characteristics of iced shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fresh shrimps were vacuum-packed, treated with UHP (100–500 MPa for 5 min), and stored at 0 °C for 15 days. The results showed that the L* (luminance), b* (yellowness), W (whiteness), ΔE (color difference), hardness, shear force, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of shrimp were significantly improved by UHP treatment. Moreover, the contents of surface hydrophobicity, myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble peptides, carbonyl, dityrosine, and free sulfhydryl of myofibrillar protein (MP) were significantly promoted by UHP treatment. In addition, UHP (above 300 MPa) treatment enhanced the mitochondrial membrane permeability but inhibited the lysosomal membrane stability, and the cathepsin (B, D, H, and L) activities. UHP treatment notably inhibited the activities of cathepsins, delayed protein oxidation and degradation, as well as texture softening of shrimp during storage. Generally, UHP treatment at 300 MPa for 5 min effectively delayed the protein and quality deterioration caused by endogenous enzymes and prolonged the shelf life of shrimp by 8 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

mtDNA sequences can be incorporated into the nuclear genome and produce nuclear mitochondrial fragments (NUMTs), which resemble mtDNA in their sequence but are transmitted biparentally, like the nuclear genome. NUMTs can be mistaken as real mtDNA and may lead to the erroneous impression that mtDNA is biparentally transmitted. Here, we report a case of mtDNA heteroplasmy in a Drosophila melanogaster DGRP line, in which the one haplotype was biparentally transmitted in an autosomal manner. Given the sequence identity of this haplotype with the mtDNA, the crossing experiments led to uncertainty about whether heteroplasmy was real or an artifact due to a NUMT. More specific experiments revealed that there is a large NUMT insertion in the X chromosome of a specific DGRP line, imitating biparental inheritance of mtDNA. Our result suggests that studies on mtDNA heteroplasmy and on mtDNA inheritance should first exclude the possibility of NUMT interference in their data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a new concept of microwave photonic (MWP) fiber ring resonator is introduced. In particular, the complex transmission spectra of the resonator in the microwave domain, including magnitude and phase spectra, are measured and characterized. Multiple resonance peaks are obtained in the magnitude spectrum; rapid variations in phase near resonance (i.e., enhanced group delay) are observed in the phase spectrum. We also experimentally demonstrate that the MWP fiber ring resonator can be potentially employed as a novel optical fiber sensor for macro-bending and fiber length change sensing (strain sensing). The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic enzymes play important roles in modern medicine due to their high affinity and specificity. However, it is very expensive to use them in clinical medicine because of their low stability and bioavailability. To improve the stability and effectiveness of therapeutic enzymes, immobilization techniques have been employed to enhance the applications of therapeutic enzymes in the past few years. Reported immobilization techniques include entrapment, adsorption, and covalent attachment. In addition, protein engineering is often used to improve enzyme properties; however, all methods present certain advantages and limitations. For carrier-bound immobilization, the delivery and release of the immobilized enzyme depend on the properties of the carrier and enzyme. In this review, we summarize the advantages and challenges of the current strategies developed to deliver therapeutic enzymes and provide a future perspective on the immobilization technologies used for therapeutic enzyme delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit fly larvae, which exist widely in nature, achieve peristaltic motion via the contraction and elongation of their bodies and the asymmetric friction generated by the front and rear parts of their bodies when they are in contact with the ground. Herein, we report the development of an untethered, magnetic, temperature-sensitive hydrogel-based soft robot that mimics the asymmetric micro-patterns of fruit-fly-larvae gastropods and utilizes cyclic deformation to achieve directional peristaltic locomotion. Due to Néel relaxation losses of nanomagnetic Fe3O4 particles, the hydrogel-based soft robot is capable of converting changes in external alternating magnetic stimuli into contracting and expanding deformation responses which can be remotely controlled via a high-frequency alternating magnetic field (AMF) to realize periodic actuation. Furthermore, the Fe3O4 particles included in the hydrogel-based soft robot cause it to follow a gradient magnetic field in confined liquid environments and can be coupled with AMFs for the targeted release of water-soluble drugs or targeted magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). We believe that such a controlled motion can enable highly targeted drug delivery, as well as vascular disease detection and thrombus removal tasks, without the use of invasive procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epidermis of swollen storage roots in purple cultivars of turnip "Tsuda" (Brassica rapa) accumulates anthocyanin in a light-dependent manner, especially in response to UV-A light, of which the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we mutagenized 15,000 seeds by 0.5% (v/v) ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and obtained 14 mutants with abnormal anthocyanin production in their epidermis of swollen storage roots. These mutants were classified into two groups: the red mutants with constitutive anthocyanin accumulation in their epidermis of storage roots even in underground parts in darkness and the white mutants without anthocyanin accumulation in the epidermis of storage roots in aboveground parts exposed to sunlight. Test cross analysis demonstrated that w9, w68, w204, r15, r21, r30 and r57 contained different mutations responsible for their phenotypic variations. Further genetic analysis of four target mutants (w9, w68, w204 and r15) indicated that each of them was controlled by a different recessive gene. Intriguingly, the expression profiles of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, including structural and regulatory genes, coincided with their anthocyanin levels in the epidermis of storage roots in the four target mutants. We proposed that potential genes responsible for the mutations should be upstream factors of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in turnips, which provided resources to further investigate the mechanisms of light-induced anthocyanin accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid phase extraction (SPE) is regarded as the most effective purification method for complex matrix samples owing to its simplicity of operator, time-saving, high accuracy, and environmental friendliness. SPE technology is still affected by the high cost of commercial SPE columns and poor adsorption selectivity. Hence, the development of low-cost and highly selective adsorbents is quite challenging and demanding in SPE. In this study, a novel 3DG functionalized magnetic solid phase extraction materials was prepared based on "thiol-ene" click chemistry. The structure, morphology, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of the magnetic composites were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Then the adsorption performance of composite was determined by static adsorption experiments, which showed fast binding kinetics (100 min) and good adsorption performance (Qe= 65.34 mg/g). Moreover, these magnetic nanoparticles were used as adsorbents for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) and coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for separation and detection of illegally added hexamethylenetetramine in vermicelli. As for practical application, the recoveries for the spiked samples in the concentration range of 8–40 μg/g were between 83.24–92.69%, and the RSD was between 0.20–2.07%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghost imaging is an indirect optical imaging technique, which retrieves object information by calculating the intensity correlation between reference and bucket signals. However, in existing correlation functions, a high number of measurements is required to acquire a satisfied performance, and the increase in measurement number only leads to limited improvement in image quality. Here, inspired by the gradient descent idea that is widely used in artificial intelligence, we propose a gradient-descent-like ghost imaging method to recursively move towards the optimal solution of the preset objective function, which can efficiently reconstruct high-quality images. The feasibility of this technique has been demonstrated in both numerical simulation and optical experiments, where the image quality is greatly improved within finite steps. Since the correlation function in the iterative formula is replaceable, this technique offers more possibilities for image reconstruction of ghost imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare Earth Elements (REE) phosphates (monazite, xenotime, and rhabdophane) are critical REE-bearing minerals typically formed in hydrothermal and magmatic ore deposits. The thermodynamic properties of those REE minerals are crucial to understanding the solubility, speciation, and transport of REE complexes. However, the standard-state Gibbs free energy of formation (∆G°f) values reported for these minerals in the literature vary by up to 25 kJ mol−1. Here, we present linear free energy relationships that allow the evaluation and estimation of the ∆G°f values at 25 °C and 1 bar for the three minerals from the ionic radius (rREE3+) and the non-solvation Gibbs free energy contribution to the REE3+ aqua ion (∆G°n, REE3+): ∆G°f,monazite − 399.71 rREE3+ = 1.0059 ∆G°n,REE3+ − 2522.51; ∆G°f,xenotime − 344.08 rREE3+ = 0.9909 ∆G°n,REE3+ − 2451.53; and ∆G°f,rhabdophane − 416.17 rREE3+ = 1.0067 ∆G°n, REE3+ − 2688.86. Moreover, based on the new dataset derived for REE end-members, we re-fitted the binary Margules parameter (W) from previous theoretical calculations into linear correlations: W + 0.00204 ∆G°'n,monazite = 39.3549 ∆V + 0.0641; W + 0.00255 ∆G°'n,xenotime = 25.4885 ∆V − 0.0062. The internally consistent thermodynamic properties of these REE phosphates are incorporated into the computer program Supcrtbl, which is available online at Zhu's research website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects over 100 million people worldwide. 5-HT1A receptor agonists have been implicated in the treatment of a variety of central nervous system diseases, especially depression. In this study, based on FW01, a selective potent 5-HT1AR agonist discovered via dynamic pharmacophore-based virtual screening, a series of indolealkylpiperazine derivatives with a benzamide moiety were designed and synthesized by the modification of the amide tail group as well as indole head group of FW01. Among all tested compounds, 13m displayed potent agonistic activity towards 5-HT1AR with an EC50 value of 1.01 nM. Molecular docking studies were performed to disclose the mechanism of its potent agonistic activity and high selectivity. Finally, the activation model of 5-HT1AR induced by 13m was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing demand from the extended reality and wearable electronics market has led to an increased focus on the development of flexible human-machine interfaces (HMI). These interfaces require efficient user input acquisition modules that can realize touch operation, handwriting input, and motion sensing functions. In this paper, we present a systematic review of triboelectric-based contact localization electronics (TCLE) which play a crucial role in enabling the lightweight and long-endurance designs of flexible HMI. We begin by summarizing the mainstream working principles utilized in the design of TCLE, highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, we discuss the implementation methods of TCLE in realizing advanced functions such as sliding motion detection, handwriting trajectory detection, and artificial intelligence-based user recognition. Furthermore, we review recent works on the applications of TCLE in HMI devices, which provide valuable insights for guiding the design of application scene-specified TCLE devices. Overall, this review aims to contribute to the advancement and understanding of TCLE, facilitating the development of next-generation HMI for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ω-hydroxyl-panaxytriol (1) and ω-hydroxyl-dihydropanaxytriol (2)—are rare examples of polyacetylene metabolism by microbial transformation, and these new metabolites (1, 2) from fermented red ginseng (FRG) by solid co-culture induction of two Chaetomium globosum should be the intermediates of biotransformation of panaxylactone (metabolite A). The metabolic pathway of panaxylactone was also exhibited. The ingredients of red ginseng (RG) also induced the production of rare 6/5/5 tricyclic ring spiro-γ-lactone skeleton (3). The ω-hydroxylation of new intermediates (1, 2) decreases cytotoxicity and antifungal activity against C. globosum compared with that of its bioprecursor panaxytriol. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 indicated obvious inhibition against nitric oxide (NO) production, with ratios of 44.80 ± 1.37 and 23.10 ± 1.00% at 50 μM. 1 has an equivalent inhibition of NO production compared with the positive drug. So, the microbial biotransformation that occurred in FRG fermented by gut C. globosum can change the original bioactivity of polyacetylene, which gave a basis about the metabolic modification of red ginseng by intestinal fungus fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) proteins play vital roles in both nitrate (NO3−) uptake and translocation as well as abiotic stress responses in plants. However, little is known about the NRT2 gene family in Brassica rapa. In this study, 14 NRT2s were identified in the B. rapa genome. The BrNRT2 family members contain the PLN00028 and MATE_like superfamily domains. Cis-element analysis indicated that regulatory elements related to stress responses are abundant in the promoter sequences of BrNRT2 genes. BrNRT2.3 expression was increased after drought stress, and BrNRT2.1 and BrNRT2.8 expression were significantly upregulated after salt stress. Furthermore, protein interaction predictions suggested that homologs of BrNRT2.3, BrNRT2.1, and BrNRT2.8 in Arabidopsis thaliana may interact with the known stress-regulating proteins AtNRT1.1, AtNRT1.5, and AtNRT1.8. In conclusion, we suggest that BrNRT2.1, BrNRT2.3, and BrNRT2.8 have the greatest potential for inducing abiotic stress tolerance. Our findings will aid future studies of the biological functions of BrNRT2 family genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small RNAs represent a class of small but powerful agents that regulate development and abiotic and biotic stress responses during plant adaptation to a constantly challenging environment. Previous findings have revealed the important roles of small RNAs in diverse cellular processes. The recent discovery of bidirectional trafficking of small RNAs between different kingdoms has raised many interesting questions. The subsequent demonstration of exosome-mediated small RNA export provided a possible tool for further investigating how plants use small RNAs as a weapon during the arms race between plant hosts and pathogens. This review will focus on discussing the roles of small RNAs in plant immunity in terms of three aspects: the biogenesis of extracellular small RNAs and the transportation and trafficking small RNA-mediated gene silencing in pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a hollow coaxial cable Fabry-Perot resonator for displacement and strain measurement up to 1000 °C. By employing a novel homemade hollow coaxial cable made of stainless steel as a sensing platform, the high-temperature tolerance of the sensor is dramatically improved. A Fabry-Perot resonator is implemented on this hollow coaxial cable by introducing two highly-reflective reflectors along the cable. Based on a nested structure design, the external displacement and strain can be directly correlated to the cavity length of the resonator. By tracking the shift of the amplitude reflection spectrum of the microwave resonator, the applied displacement and strain can be determined. The displacement measurement experiment showed that the sensor could function properly up to 1000 °C. The sensor was also employed to measure the thermal strain of a steel plate during the heating process. The stability of the novel sensor was also investigated. The developed sensing platform and sensing configurations are robust, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and can be flexibly designed for many other measurement applications in harsh high-temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attention on orthopedic biomaterials has shifted from their direct osteogenic properties to their osteoimmunomodulation, especially the modulation of macrophage polarization. Presently, advanced technologies endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with good osteoimmunomodulation by modifying PEEK surface characteristics or incorporating bioactive substances with regulating macrophage polarization. Recent studies have demonstrated that the fabrication of a hydrophilic surface and the incorporation of bioactive substances into PEEK (e.g., zinc, calcium, and phosphate) are good strategies to promote osteogenesis by enhancing the polarization of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the modification by other osteoimmunomodulatory composites (e.g., lncRNA-MM2P, IL-4, IL-10, and chitosan) and their controlled and desired release may make PEEK an optimal bio-activated implant for regulating and balancing the osteogenic system and immune system. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the potential of bio-activated PEEK in polarizing macrophages into M2 phenotype to improve osteogenesis. For this objective, we retrieved and discussed different kinds of bio-activated PEEK regarding improving osteogenesis through modulating macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, the relevant challenges and outlook were presented. We hope that this review can shed light on the development of bio-activated PEEK with more favorable osteoimmunomodulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multiphase motor has several major advantages, such as high reliability, fault tolerance, and high power density. It is a critical issue to develop a reliable and efficient multiphase motor drive system. In this paper, a transformerless voltage source converter-based drive system for a medium-voltage (MV) multiphase motor is proposed. This drive converter employs cascaded H-bridge rectifiers loaded by H-bridge inverters as the interface between the grid and multiphase motor. The cascaded H-bridge rectifier technique makes the drive system able to be directly connected to the MV grid without the phase-shifting transformer because it can offset the voltage level gap between the MV grid and the semiconductor devices, provide near-sinusoidal AC terminal voltages without filters, and draw sinusoidal line current from the grid. Based on a digital signal processor (DSP), a complete improved Phase Disposition Pulse Width Modulation (PD-PWM) method is developed to ensure the individual DC-link capacitor voltage balancing for enhancing the controllability and limiting the voltage and power stress on the H-bridge cells. A downscaled prototype is designed and developed based on a nine-phase motor. The experimental results verify the excellent performances of the proposed drive system and control strategy in steady-state and variant-frequency startup operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although photovoltaic (PV) systems play an essential role in distributed generation systems, they also suffer from serious safety concerns due to DC series arc faults. This paper proposes a lightweight convolutional neural network-based method for detecting DC series arc fault in PV systems to solve this issue. An experimental platform according to UL1699B is built, and current data ranging from 3 A to 25 A is collected. Moreover, test conditions, including PV inverter startup and irradiance mutation, are also considered to evaluate the robustness of the proposed method. Before fault detection, the current data is preprocessed with power spectrum estimation. The lightweight convolutional neural network has a lower computational burden for its fewer parameters, which can be ready for embedded microprocessor-based edge applications. Compared to similar lightweight convolutional network models such as Efficientnet-B0, B2, and B3, the Efficientnet-B1 model shows the highest accuracy of 96.16% for arc fault detection. Furthermore, an attention mechanism is combined with the Efficientnet-B1 to make the algorithm more focused on arc features, which can help the algorithm reduce unnecessary computation. The test results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method can be up to 98.81% under all test conditions, which is higher than that of general networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution simulations facilitated by parallel computation to assess the effect of hydrogeological heterogeneity in the Mt. Simon Sandstone on CO2 plume evolution and storage and geochemical reactions in a portion of the Illinois Basin, Indiana. Two scenarios were selected to investigate the effects of the hydrogeological heterogeneity in 3D reactive transport simulations: a heterogeneous case with variable porosity and permeability, and a homogenous case with constant porosity and permeability. The initial pressure, temperature, and mineralogical distributions are consistently applied in both the heterogeneous case and the homogeneous case. Results indicate that including hydrogeological heterogeneity in 3D reservoir simulations for geological CO2 storage significantly impacts modeling results for plume migration patterns, CO2-water-mineral interaction, reservoir quality, and CO2 plume containment. In particular, results indicate that (1) the CO2 plume reached the top of the Mt. Simon Sandstone in the homogeneous case, but was restrained to the lower third of the formation when hydrogeologic heterogeneity was considered; (2) the dominant trapping mechanism in the heterogeneous case was mineral trapping (43%), while it was solubility trapping (47%) in the homogeneous case (at 10,000 years); (3) incorporating reservoir heterogeneity in the model leads to a higher likelihood of long-term containment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have received extensive attention due to their high theoretical specific capacity and theoretical energy density. However, their commercialization is hindered by the shuttle effect caused by the dissolution of lithium polysulfide. To solve this problem, a method is proposed to improve the performance of Li-S batteries using Ti2N(Ti2NS2) with S-functional groups as the sulfur cathode host material. The calculation results show that due to the mutual attraction between Li and S atoms, Ti2NS2 has the moderate adsorption energies for Li2Sx species, which is more advantageous than Ti2NO2 and can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect. Therefore, Ti2NS2 is a potential cathode host material, which is helpful to improve the performance of Li-S batteries. This work provides a reference for the design of high-performance sulfur cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD38 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with ectoenzymatic activity involved in regulation of migration, signal transduction, and receptor-mediated adhesion. CD38 is highly expressed on various malignant cells, including multiple myeloma (MM), and at relatively low levels in other tissues, making it a suitable target for therapeutic antibodies. Several anti-CD38 therapies have been, or are being, developed for the treatment of MM, including daratumumab and isatuximab (SAR650984), respectively. Studies have shown that anti-CD38 therapies are effective in the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM and are well tolerated, with infusion reactions being the most common side effects. They can be used as monotherapy or in combination with immunomodulatory agents, such as pomalidomide, or proteasome inhibitors to potentiate their activity. Here we examine isatuximab and several anti-CD38 agents in development that were generated using new antibody engineering techniques and that may lead to more effective CD38 targeting. We also summarize trials assessing these antibodies in MM, other malignancies, and solid organ transplantation. Finally, we propose that further research on the mechanisms of resistance to anti-CD38 therapy and the development of biomarkers and new backbone regimens with CD38 antibodies will be important steps in building more personalized treatment for patients with MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies on complanatuside, a quality marker of a Chinese materia medicatonic, Semen Astragali Complanati, were carried out. The UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry) method was applied to identify the metabolites of complanatuside in rat plasma, bile, stool, and urine after oral administration at the dosage of 72 mg/kg. Up to 34 metabolites (parent, 2 metabolites of the parent drug, and 31 metabolites of the degradation products) were observed, including processes of demethylation, hydroxylation, glucuronidation, sulfonation, and dehydration. The results indicated glucuronidation and sulfonation as major metabolic pathways of complanatuside in vivo. Meanwhile, a HPLC-MS method to quantify complanatuside and its two major metabolites—rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-glc and rhamnocitrin—in rat plasma for the pharmacokinetic analysis was developed and validated. The Tmax (time to reach the maximum drug concentration) of the above three compounds were 1 h, 3 h, and 5.3 h, respectively, while the Cmax (maximum plasma concentrations)were 119.15 ng/mL, 111.64 ng/mL, and 1122.18 ng/mL, and AUC(0-t) (area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was 143.52 µg/L·h, 381.73 µg/L·h, and 6540.14 µg/L·h, accordingly. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of complanatuside and its two metabolites suggested that complanatuside rapidly metabolized in vivo, while its metabolites—rhamnocitrin—was the main existent form in rat plasma after oral administration. The results of intracorporal processes, existing forms, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of complanatuside in rats supported its low bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality control of Chinese herbal tea remains a challenge due to our poor knowledge of their complex chemical profile. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of one of the best-selling and famous brand of beverage in China, Wanglaoji Herbal Tea (WLJHT), via a full component quantitative analysis. In this paper, a total of thirty-four representative constituents were identified or tentatively characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Moreover, the quantitative analyses of fourteen constituents were performed by high performance liquid chromatography with a triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method and saccharide compositions of WLJHT were also quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) on a Hilic column, separately. Using multiple chromatographic techniques presented a good precision, sensitivity, repeatability and stability, and was successfully applied to analyze 16 batches of WLJHT samples. Therefore, it would be a reliable and useful approach for the quality control of WLJHT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]