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1. Ecology of Elodea canadensis Michx. and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John—Insights from National Water Monitoring in Croatia

Author

Marija Bučar, Anja Rimac, Vedran Šegota, Nina Vuković, and Antun Alegro

Subjects
macrophytes, Southeastern Europe, freshwater habitat, invasive plants, water monitoring, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Elodea canadensis Michx. (common waterweed) and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John (Nuttall’s waterweed), two invasive aquatic plants from North America, have coexisted in European water bodies since the early 20th century. New localities for both species in Croatia continued to be discovered during a study that ran from 2016 to 2023 as a part of the annual implementation of Water Framework Directive monitoring that covered the entire territory of Croatia (786 sampling points in total). Based on these data, the distribution and ecology of both species were analysed. Elodea canadensis was found at 30 sampling points, mostly in rivers, and E. nuttallii at 15 sampling points, mostly in artificial canals. Nearly three-quarters (72.5%) of all elodea sampling points were in the Pannonian Ecoregion. Elodea canadensis was discovered for the first time in the Continental—Dinaric and Mediterranean—Dinaric Subecoregions. To study the ecology of the species, for each sampling point, vegetation relevés were performed and monthly measurements of physico-chemical parameters were collected. The most common accompanying species for both elodeas are presented, and the difference in species assemblages between the sites with E. canadensis and E. nuttallii was confirmed with the ANOSIM test. Furthermore, Indicator Species Analysis revealed eight species characteristic of E. canadensis sites and eleven species characteristic of E. nuttallii sites. Fitting multivariate models (CCA and NPMR) to species abundance revealed the ecological reaction of E. canadensis and E. nuttallii to environmental descriptors. The most strongly contributing environmental descriptors that influence the distribution of both Elodea species are biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and total phosphorus. In Croatia, the replacement of E. canadensis with E. nuttallii was observed in several water bodies with high nutrient loads.

Published
2024
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2. Diversity, Ecology and Phytogeography of Bryophytes across Temperate Forest Communities—Insight from Mt. Papuk (Croatia, SE Europe)

Author

Antun Alegro, Vedran Šegota, Anja Rimac, and Beáta Papp

Subjects
biodiversity, biogeography, Ellenberg’s indicator values, habitats, liverworts, mosses, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

It has been widely documented that the complex structure of forest ecosystems supports considerable bryophyte species and functional diversity. In this study, we assessed the diversity, distribution and ecological and phytogeographical features of bryophytes across a gradient of temperate forest types on Mt. Papuk. This is the largest and highest mountain in the lowland, Pannonian part of Croatia, with high geological diversity and various temperate forests covering 95% of the mountain. According to the predominant tree species (oak vs. beech), geological bedrock (calcareous vs. siliceous) and soil reaction (alkaline vs. acidic), 21 study plots were classified into four distinct forest types. In all, 184 bryophyte species (35 liverworts and 149 mosses) were recorded. Although the forest types investigated did not differ significantly with respect to species richness, each was characterized by a considerable number of diagnostic bryophyte species. According to our results, one of the main ecological factors determining the variability of the forest bryophyte composition was geological bedrock and the associated soil reaction. Basiphilous forests developed on carbonate bedrock harbored more thermophilous and nitrophilous bryophytes and were characterized by southern-temperate and Mediterranean–Atlantic biogeographic elements. In contrast, acidophilous forests growing on silicate bedrock were characterized by wide-boreal and boreo-arctic–montane elements, i.e., bryophytes indicating cooler habitats and nitrogen-deficient soils. Based on the results, we hypothesized that the main latitudinal biogeographic distinction between southern and northern biogeographic elements is driven more by geological substrate than by the main tree species in forest communities. The present study confirmed previous findings that bryophytes are good and specific habitat indicators and show associations with different forest types, which can help to understand the complexity, ecological microconditions and biogeographic characteristics of forest communities.

Published
2023
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3. Ecological Preferences and Indication Potential of Freshwater Bryophytes–Insights from Croatian Watercourses

Author

Anja Rimac, Antun Alegro, Vedran Šegota, Nina Vuković, and Nikola Koletić

Subjects
aquatic bryophytes, autecology, ecological responses, water quality, land use, bioindicators, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

A comprehensive survey of Croatian watercourses covering the whole of the national territory and investigating inherent watercourse heterogeneity was conducted to explore the ecological responses of the most frequent freshwater bryophytes with respect to water chemistry variables and land use within the catchment area. Direct multivariate ordination (CCA) of vegetation data paired with 18 environmental variables revealed that freshwater bryophytes and their assemblages were segregated along the gradients of water chemistry and the proportion of natural and urban area within the catchment. Generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to explore the ecological responses of individual species. The results showed that most of the investigated species preferred natural, clean, well-oxygenated watercourses, with low nutrient and organic matter content, as well as with low electrical conductivity. Species such as Palustriella falcata, Eucladium vertcillatum, Dichodontium flavescens and Jungermannia atrovirens had narrow ecological niches and were restricted to pristine watercourses, while the most frequent and widely distributed species, such as Fontinalis antipyretica, Rhynchostegium riparioides, Cratoneuron filicinum, Fissidens crassipes, Cinclidotus fontinaloides and C. riparius, had a wide ecological tolerance. Riccia fluitans and Leptodyctium riparium had wide ecological ranges, but with optima in hypereutrophic waters with high nutrient and organic content, as well as high electrical conductivity. Furthermore, these two species were frequently associated with a high share of intensive agriculture and a low share of natural land within the catchment.

Published
2022
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4. Ecology and Biology of the Rare Endemic Land Leech Xerobdella anulata (Xerobdellidae)

Author

Andreja Brigić, Kristian Medak, Fran Rebrina, Mišel Jelić, Antun Alegro, and Mladen Kerovec

Subjects
Xerobdellidae, pitfall traps, distribution, habitat preferences, seasonal dynamics, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The genus Xerobdella contains three species of land leeches confined to the Palearctic region, one of which is X. anulata (Autrum, 1958), an exceptionally rare endemic of the Dinaric Alps. In the current study, we provide new data and a literature overview on this rarely encountered species, presenting its currently known distribution, providing additional data on its morphology and, for the first time, presenting comprehensive data on its habitat preferences and seasonal dynamics. Additionally, we provide novel DNA barcodes for the Dinaric land leech and compare the obtained sequences with the related X. lecomtei. Altogether, 22 specimens of X. anulata were collected using pitfall traps in three habitat types: managed forests with adjacent meadows and a primeval forest in the Dinaric Alps of Croatia. We report the first finding of X. anulata in open habitats, which harbored most of the specimens. Our findings show that X. anulata exhibits surface activity, highlighting the effectiveness of pitfall traps in sampling such elusive taxa, with perspectives for future morphological, phenological and even molecular research.

Published
2022
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5. Environmental Gradients Shaping the Freshwater Bryophyte Communities of Croatia (Western Balkans)

Author

Anja Rimac, Antun Alegro, Vedran Šegota, Nina Vuković, and Nikola Koletić

Subjects
bryophytes, macrophytes, rheophytes, Mediterranean, karstic rivers, water chemistry, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

A comprehensive field survey of 527 sites on 293 watercourses across Croatia revealed 76 sites (14.42%) in which bryophytes were the dominant part of the macrophyte vegetation. Using classification and ordination analyses, we obtained five community types segregated across the gradients of several climatic, physiographic and water chemistry parameters. The Didymodon tophaceus–Apopellia endiviifolia and the Berula erecta-Cratoneuron filicinum communities were mostly confined to the clean and basic karstic rivers of the Dinaric Ecoregion under the influence of the Mediterranean climate, with the Didymodon tophaceus–Apopellia endiviifolia community being a tufa-forming community associated with the seasonally dry watercourses of small catchment areas and cascades along the larger karstic rivers, while the Berula erecta–Cratoneuton filicinum community was mostly associated with rivers with larger catchment areas and permanent flow. On the other hand, the Oxyrrhynchium hians–Chiloscyphus pallescens community and the Fissidens pusillus–Veronica beccabunga community were associated with eutrophic water restricted to small rivers of the Pannonian Ecoregion under the influence of the temperate climate and flowing over silicate bedrock. The most represented and widespread in Croatia was the Cinclidotus community, displaying the widest ecological range in the study. It was mostly associated with the relatively clean karstic rivers of large catchment areas belonging to the Dinaric Ecoregion, with the majority of the sites under the influence of a temperate climate with higher precipitation during the warm period of the year. The geographical patterns of the freshwater bryophyte communities showed that the relatively clean, fast and cold karstic rivers belonging to the Dinaric Ecoregion provide habitats that harbour a greater diversity of bryophyte communities than the watercourses of the Pannonian Ecoregion, where bryophyte-dominated communities are restricted to a small number of small lowland and semi-montane rivers and predominantly occupy periodically flooded microhabitats such as river margins.

Published
2022
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6. Antioxidant Activities and Polyphenolic Contents of Three Selected Micromeria Species from Croatia

Author

Maja Bival Štefan, Sanda Vladimir-Knežević, Tamás Kőszegi, József Petrik, Antun Alegro, and Biljana Blažeković

Subjects
Micromeria croatica, Micromeria juliana, Micromeria thymifolia, antioxidant activity, polyphenols, rosmarinic acid, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Antioxidant activities of three selected Micromeria species growing in Croatia (M. croatica, M. juliana and M. thymifolia) were evaluated using five different antioxidant assays, in comparison with plant polyphenolic constituents and reference antioxidants. All studied ethanolic extracts exhibited considerable activity to scavenge DPPH and hydroxyl free radicals, reducing power, iron chelating ability and total antioxidant capacity in the order: M. croatica > M. juliana > M. thymifolia. Total polyphenol (9.69–13.66%), phenolic acid (5.26–6.84%), flavonoid (0.01–0.09%) and tannin (3.07–6.48%) contents in dried plant samples were determined spectrophotometrically. A strong positive correlation between antioxidant activities and contents of phenolic acids and tannins was found, indicating their responsibility for effectiveness of tested plants. Our findings established Micromeria species as a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols, especially the endemic M. croatica.

Published
2011
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12. A Novel Approach to Serving Plant-Based Confectionery—The Employment of Spray Drying in the Production of Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Delivery Systems Enriched with Teucrium montanum L. Extract

Author

Mandura Jarić, Ana, primary, Haramustek, Laura, additional, Nižić Nodilo, Laura, additional, Vrsaljko, Domagoj, additional, Petrović, Predrag, additional, Kuzmić, Sunčica, additional, Jozinović, Antun, additional, Aladić, Krunoslav, additional, Jokić, Stela, additional, Šeremet, Danijela, additional, Vojvodić Cebin, Aleksandra, additional, and Komes, Draženka, additional

Published
2024
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16. From Selye’s and Szabo’s Cysteamine-Duodenal Ulcer in Rats to Dopamine in the Stomach: Therapy Significance and Possibilities

Author

Sikiric, Predrag, primary, Boban Blagaic, Alenka, additional, Krezic, Ivan, additional, Zizek, Helena, additional, Kalogjera, Luka, additional, Smoday, Ivan Maria, additional, Vukovic, Vlasta, additional, Oroz, Katarina, additional, Chiddenton, Helen Marie, additional, Buric, Sara, additional, Antunovic, Marko, additional, Gojkovic, Slaven, additional, Strbe, Sanja, additional, Skocic, Milena, additional, Sikiric, Suncana, additional, Milavic, Marija, additional, Beketic Oreskovic, Lidija, additional, Kokot, Antonio, additional, Koprivanac, Antun, additional, Dobric, Ivan, additional, Sever, Marko, additional, Staresinic, Mario, additional, Batelja Vuletic, Lovorka, additional, Skrtic, Anita, additional, and Seiwerth, Sven, additional

Published
2023
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20. Identification of Marine Biotechnology Value Chains with High Potential in the Northern Mediterranean Region

Author

Rotter, Ana, primary, Giannakourou, Antonia, additional, Argente García, Jesús E., additional, Quero, Grazia Marina, additional, Auregan, Charlène, additional, Triantaphyllidis, George, additional, Venetsanopoulou, Amalia, additional, De Carolis, Roberta, additional, Efstratiou, Chrysa, additional, Aboal, Marina, additional, Abad, María Ángeles Esteban, additional, Grigalionyte-Bembič, Ernesta, additional, Kotzamanis, Yannis, additional, Kovač, Mate, additional, Ljubić Čmelar, Maja, additional, Luna, Gian Marco, additional, Aguilera, Cristóbal, additional, Acién Fernández, Francisco Gabriel, additional, Gómez Pinchetti, Juan Luis, additional, Manzo, Sonia, additional, Milašinčić, Iva, additional, Nadarmija, Antun, additional, Parrella, Luisa, additional, Pinat, Massimiliano, additional, Roussos, Efstratios, additional, Ruel, Colin, additional, Salvatori, Elisabetta, additional, Sánchez Vázquez, Francisco Javier, additional, Semitiel García, María, additional, Skarmeta Gómez, Antonio F., additional, Ulčar, Jan, additional, and Chiavetta, Cristian, additional

Published
2023
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32. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, and Thrombosis Presentation

Author

Sikiric, Predrag, primary, Udovicic, Mario, additional, Barisic, Ivan, additional, Balenovic, Diana, additional, Zivanovic Posilovic, Gordana, additional, Strinic, Dean, additional, Uzun, Sandra, additional, Sikiric, Suncana, additional, Krezic, Ivan, additional, Zizek, Helena, additional, Yago, Haidi, additional, Gojkovic, Slaven, additional, Smoday, Ivan Maria, additional, Kalogjera, Luka, additional, Vranes, Hrvoje, additional, Sola, Marija, additional, Strbe, Sanja, additional, Koprivanac, Antun, additional, Premuzic Mestrovic, Ivica, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Pavic, Predrag, additional, Skrtic, Anita, additional, Blagaic, Alenka Boban, additional, Lovric Bencic, Martina, additional, and Seiwerth, Sven, additional

Published
2022
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40. Modelling of the Face-Milling Process by Toroidal Cutter

Author

Marcin Płodzień, Łukasz Żyłka, and Antun Stoić

Subjects
toroidal cutter, cutting force, surface roughness, roughness model, force model, General Materials Science
Abstract

When face milling using a toroidal cutter, with a change in the depth of the cut, the entering angle varies as well. An experimental test of the influence of cutting parameters, such as the depth of the cut and the feed per tooth on the cutting force components and surface roughness parameters, was conducted. The experimental test was carried out using a DMU 100 monoBLOCK CNC machine with registration of cutting force components and surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz, and RSm. FEM analysis of the face-milling process was also carried out and compared with the experimental results. The average deviation of the FEM values for cutting force components does not exceed 12%. Experimental models were established for each force component. It was shown that the depth of the cut has the strongest influence on each force component. The feed per tooth has a little impact on the cutting force. The obtained model of the feed force component is the most complex, and the model of the Fa component is only linear. The influence of the ap parameter on the surface roughness parameters is nonlinear and nonmonotonic. In the range of approx. ap = 2 mm, there is a maximum surface roughness.

Published
2023

45. Effective Detection of the Machinability of Stainless Steel from the Aspect of the Roughness of the Machined Surface

Author

Miroslav Duspara, Borislav Savković, Branislav Dudic, and Antun Stoić

Subjects
surface roughness, Materials Chemistry, optical measurement, Surfaces and Interfaces, stainless steel, computer vision, reflection, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Abstract

Reliable measurement of surface roughness (Ra) is extremely important for quality control of production processes. The cost of the equipment and the duration of the measurement process are very high. The aim of this work is to develop a device for non-destructive measurement of specific roughness levels on stainless steel using computer vision. The device should be structurally simple, affordable, accurate, and safe for practical use. The purpose of the device is to effectively detect the level of roughness of the treated surface obtained by the water jet cutting process. On the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to adjust the parameters during the cutting process. The principle of operation of the device is based on measuring the intensity of the visible spectrum of the light reflected from the surface of the sample to be measured and correlating these values with the values of the measured roughness. After testing several variants of the device, the so-called vertical measurement variant was developed using the following equipment: violet light LED, optical filter and light splitter, USB 2.0 web camera, Arduino microcontroller, personal computer, and LabView programming interface.

Published
2023

46. The Event of Croatia’s EU Accession and Membership from the Croatian High School Students’ Perspective

Author

Anamarija Pisarović, Sanja Tišma, Krševan Antun Dujmović, and Mira Mileusnić Škrtić

Subjects
knowledge, Croatia, Population, high school students, lcsh:Risk in industry. Risk management, Sample (statistics), Social issues, Accession, European Union, EU accession, opinion polls, Political science, lcsh:Finance, lcsh:HG1-9999, ddc:330, 050602 political science & public administration, Opinion poll, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, education, media_common, Croatian, education.field_of_study, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Public relations, language.human_language, 0506 political science, lcsh:HD61, language, business, 0503 education, Meaning (linguistics)
Abstract

The knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the high school students on Croatia&rsquo, s European Union (EU) accession event were omitted in numerous public opinion polls conducted since the 2013 accession. Therefore, the paper shows key benefits of Croatia&rsquo, s EU accession and the recent attitudes of high school students about the meaning of this event for their future lives. Research methods include desktop analysis regarding previous researches of the population attitudes and a quantitative survey conducted in January 2017 on a sample of a total of 1944 school graduates who were interviewed on issues of knowledge, perception and attitude to the event of Croatia&rsquo, s entrance and membership in the EU. The results point out that although Croatia acquires significant benefits from the EU accession, the very event is not recognized as being the key one by high school students. Considering that in many cases the youth opinion is the best indicator of overall social problems and considering the future programs and obligations as well as the role expected from the youth in implementation of these programs, the research findings on the perception of the event of Croatia&rsquo, s accession to the EU are a field within which future policy activities are envisaged.

Published
2021

48. Potato Starch Extrusion and Roasting with Apple Distillery Wastewater as a New Method for Resistant Starch Production

Author

Tomasz Zięba, Dominika Solińska, Artur Gryszkin, Małgorzata Kapelko-Żeberska, Bartosz Raszewski, Đurđica Ačkar, Jurislav Babić, Borislav Miličević, and Antun Jozinović

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, potato starch, resistant starch, Technology, QH301-705.5, Process Chemistry and Technology, Physics, QC1-999, fungi, General Engineering, food and beverages, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, extrusion, starch esters, apple distillery wastewater, General Materials Science, roasting, TA1-2040, Biology (General), Instrumentation, QD1-999
Abstract

Potato starch was extruded and roasted with apple distillery wastewater to produce starch esters substituted with malic acid residues. The starch esterification degree was higher at the higher roasting temperatures. Starch modification contributed to its darker color, its increased resistance to the action of amylolytic enzymes, and its decreased solubility and heat of phase transition. The changes in the other starch properties examined depended on the extrusion and roasting temperatures. The process, which was conducted without a chemical agent—in this case, the process of starch extrusion and roasting with apple distillery wastewater—should be deemed a novel method for resistant starch production.

Published
2021

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