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Layered composite roofs are characterized by developed bedding fissures, resulting in severe deformation and damage of rock bolts at the top of the roadway, as well as a poor roadway support effect. Increasing pretension force is an effective way to enhance the stiffness of the rock bolt support system. To clarify the influence and mechanism of the pretension force on the support effect of rock bolts in the layered roof, a roadway model of the layered roof was established using the interface unit of FLAC3D, and the simulation rock bolts were constructed using the pile unit, which can simulate the mechanical behaviors of rock bolts, such as tension, shear, bending, fracture, and anchor failure, and the pretension force was applied. On this basis, the deformation and failure characteristics and influencing factors of rock bolts in the layered roadway roof under different surrounding rock conditions were simulated and analyzed. The research shows the following: ① Field measurements showed minor shear deformation in the rock bolts at the center of the roadway roof, with lateral displacements of 5.7 cm and 5.3 cm. Significant shear deformation occurred in the rock bolts at the roof corners, with lateral displacements of 18.2 cm and 17.6 cm. ② Simulations of rock bolt deformation characteristics matched the field measurements closely, confirming the reliability of the simulation method, parameter selection, and calculation sequence. ③ The primary factors affecting rock bolt deformation are the structural plane strength and surrounding rock strength. Rock bolts are most susceptible to lateral displacement when the structural plane strength is low, the strength difference between rock layers is large, and the weaker layer is below the structural plane. The presented research can provide a reference for the instability mechanism and support treatment of the layered composite roof roadway.

The longitudinal dynamic response of a large-diameter-bored pile is investigated considering the bottom sediment and the radial unloading of the surrounding soil. First, the sediment between the pile tip and the bedrock is treated as a fictitious soil pile with a cross-sectional area similarto that of the pile tip. The large-diameter-bored pile (including the fictitious soil pile) is considered as a Rayleigh–Love rod and is divided into finite segments. Under theseconditions, the three-dimensional (3D) effect of the wave propagation along the pile is indirectly simulated by considering the transverse inertia of the pile to avoid complicated calculations. Meanwhile, the surrounding soil is divided into finite annular zones in the radial direction, with the soil properties varying radially as well to simulate the radial unloading of the surrounding soil during construction. The governing equation for each soil zone is built and solved, from zone to zone, to obtain the shear stress acting on the pile. Then, the governing equation for the fictitious soil pile (i.e., the sediment) is solved to derive the dynamic action at the pile tip. In a similar manner to that ofthe fictitious soil pile and together with the recursion method, the governing equation for the pile is solved to obtain the pile’s complex impedance and velocity response. The proposed solution is verified and then introduced to portray the coupling effect of the sediment, pile parameters and radial unloading of the surrounding soil on the longitudinal dynamic response of the large-diameter-bored pile.

Pyrite is widely distributed in the Earth’s crust and oceanic systems, and it generally occurs as pentagonal dodecahedra, cubic, octahedral, idiomorphic crystals, or dense, massive, granular, and nodular aggregates. In this study, representative pyrite samples from Hunan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Anhui in China and from Peru were collected. By utilizing a range of analytical techniques, including petrography, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum, Raman spectrum, major and trace element analysis, as well as sulfur stable isotope analysis, we comprehensively depict the mineralogical and spectroscopic characteristics of pyrite, and the evolution processes of the physical and chemical conditions of mineralization can be qualitatively constrained. The spectroscopic results indicate all samples show a relatively narrow absorption band with weak to moderate intensity in the vicinity of 343 cm−1, which represents the bending vibration of the Fe-[S2]2− molecular bond. The Co content of pyrite exhibits the characteristics of a positive correlation with temperature and a negative correlation with oxygen fugacity, respectively. The δ34S isotopic compositions of colloidal pyrite are in the range of 0.03 to 0.67, which are close to meteoric sulfur and mantle sulfur compositions, while the δ34S values of nodular pyrite fall within the range of granite, indicating the characteristics of mixtures of sulfur sources are mainly related to magmatic activity. Our results provide insight into the formation mechanisms of pyrite in different environments, its mineralization, and the ore genesis of deposits. Moreover, the integrated analytical methods for pyrite are provided, which can define theoretical guidance for the exploration and development of mineral resources.

Graphite usually occurs in mineral/rock associations in the form of solid inclusions and plays an important role in tracing regional metamorphic degree, ore-forming temperature, fluid evolution, as well as the deep carbon cycle of the Earth. In this study, we investigate the placer black nephrite jade where the co-occurrence of abundant graphite inclusions and jade remains extraordinary. By employing petrographic, mineral-chemical, and Raman spectroscopic methods, we characterize the textures and crystallinity of graphite inclusions that exist in nephrite jade. EPMA and petrological data indicate that the main constituents of black jade are tremolite and graphite, with minor phases of diopside, calcite, dolomite, epidote, and apatite. Micro-Raman spectroscopic thermometry of carbonaceous material shows that most of the formation temperatures of graphite inclusions are between 378 and 556 °C, and only a few temperatures may be above 650 °C, indicating that graphite inclusions were formed at medium- to high-temperature metamorphic facies. The petrologic and spectral investigations of graphite inclusions in these nephrite jade samples show major metamorphic signatures with mixed features associated with fluid precipitation. Our results allow us to propose that primary nephrite jade was formed under multi-stage tectonic evolution conditions, and regional temperatures were predominately driven by the late continent–continent collision, while the ore-controlling temperatures of nephrite jade formation were found in a medium- to high-temperature environment.

The jadeite jade in Guatemala exerts remarkable commercial quality, which has attracted wide attention. Guatemalan jadeite jade displays a rich variety of colors; however, the color formation of this jadeite jade has not been systematically investigated to date. In this paper, we study different colors of jade samples to trace the compositions and color-causing mechanisms through petrography, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), as well as electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The results show that jadeite and omphacite are the main mineral compositions of Guatemalan jadeite jade, together with minor albite and other impurities. The color of Guatemala jadeite jade is mainly related to Cr3+, Fe2+, and Fe3+, of which a small amount of Cr3+ causes the jadeite jade to be emerald green. Moreover, 1~2% FeO contents can lead to the blue or gray color of the samples, while the Fe3+ makes the sample dark green. The green color of some Cr3+-free jadeite is caused by the electron transition between bands of Fe3+, and the green color is related to the iron content. Moreover, the chemical composition analysis shows that some metallic elements existed in Guatemalan jadeite jade, such as Ca, Ti, Al, Si, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr, Na, Mg, and Sr, and some trace elements were lost or unevenly distributed, which may lead to the heterogeneity of the color of the samples. Our present investigation provides insights into color discrimination, quality evaluation, and identification of Guatemala jadeite jade.

Ground fissures are generated during the coal mining process due to overlying strata migration, which provides gas and water seepage channels and usually contributes to coal mining accidents in shallow buried coal seams with larger mining height working faces. Thus, the evolution features of ground fissures in large mining height working faces and shallow buried coal seams were explored by considering field observation data, similar simulation, and numerical simulations. The results show that the weathered rock layer above the thin bedrock inhibits fracture growth caused by coal mining. Overlying strata fracture expansion can be quantitatively divided into three stages based on fractal dimension: the overburden fracture formation stage, the overburden deformation fracture expansion stage, and the overburden fracture stable development stage. The movement deformation region of the ground fissure can be described by three characteristic zones: the boundary tension zone, the central compression zone, and the central dynamic tension and compression zone. Central dynamic fissures usually have 3–5 fissure counts with 2–5 m intervals between each group of fissures; central fissures develop twice from open to closed widths; the time period for two central fissures to reach their with maximum widths is 11–20 days; and border fissures expand rapidly with maximum values in a time period of 5–6 days.

The Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a pathogenic flavivirus, has been causing significant economic losses in the Chinese poultry industry since 2010. This virus can severely decrease egg production and inhibit the growth of laying ducks and ducklings. While many vaccines have been developed to prevent DTMUV infection, fresh outbreaks continue to occur, as few effective vaccines are available. The E glycoprotein of DTMUV is the primary target for inducing protective immunity in the natural host. Therefore, we conducted an investigation and successfully developed a recombinant baculovirus containing the DTMUV E gene. Ducklings were then vaccinated with the purified protein derived from this virus as a potential vaccine candidate. Our findings demonstrated that the E glycoprotein of DTMUV was highly expressed in Sf9 cells. The vaccination of ducklings with the recombinant baculovirus Bac-E resulted in the induction of strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Most significantly, we observed that the vaccine provided 100% protective immunity against lethal challenges with the DTMUV YY5 strain.

This study was based on similar physicochemical characteristics of pseudorabies virus (PRV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV). A cellular model for evaluation of disinfectants was established with PRV as an alternative marker strain. In the present study, we evaluated the disinfection performance of commonly used commercialized disinfectants on PRV to provide a reference for the selection of good ASFV disinfectants. In addition, the disinfection (anti-virus) performances for four disinfectants were investigated based on the minimum effective concentration, onset time, action time, and operating temperature. Our results demonstrated that glutaraldehyde decamethylammonium bromide solution, peracetic acid solution, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, and povidone-iodine solution effectively inactivated PRV at concentrations 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, and 2.5 g/L on different time points 30, 5, 10, and 10 min, respectively. Specifically, peracetic acid exhibits optimized overall performance. Glutaraldehyde decamethylammonium bromide is cost effective but requires a long action time and the disinfectant activity is severely affected by low temperatures. Furthermore, povidone-iodine rapidly inactivates the virus and is not affected by environmental temperature, but its application is limited by a poor dilution ratio such as for local disinfection of the skin. This study provides a reference for the selection of disinfectants for ASFV.

Goose astrovirus (GAstV) is an important pathogen causing visceral gout and high mortality in goslings, which has broken out and spread across China. In 2021, a disease characterized by urate deposition on the visceral surface and 30% mortality occurred in commercial adult Landaise geese in Zhejiang Province, China. A systematic study identified an infecting astrovirus, designated ZJCX, that was efficiently isolated from a diseased goose with a chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH). In contrast to other GAstVs originating from goslings, ZJCX caused cytopathogenic effects in LMH cells, and the crystalline arrangement of viral particles was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Indeed, phylogenetic analysis and nucleotide homology comparison revealed that ZJCX isolate belongs to the genotype II cluster of GAstVs and displays 97.8–98.4% identity with other GAstV II strains. However, several specific mutations occurred in the polyprotein and capsid protein regions. Moreover, a pathogenicity assessment of ZJCX with a gosling model was conducted, and typical visceral gout was reproduced and led to 18% mortality. The viral loads of ZJCX in the blood, kidney, and liver were detected with specific primers after inoculation, which demonstrated that the kidney and liver presented viral loads peaking at seven days post-inoculation (dpi). Biochemical parameter examination showed that AST, ALT, γ-GT, UA, and BUN levels were significantly increased by GAstV, whereas body weight was reduced. Overall, this study indicated that the GAstV isolate could infect adult geese, and the results regarding the viral loads and biochemical parameters induced by ZJCX provide insight into GAstV pathogenicity.

Novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is a newly identified reovirus that brings about more severe damage on multiple organs and mortality in various species of waterfowl. We previously characterized the transcriptomic profiles responding to NDRV in the bursa of Fabricius of Muscovy ducklings, which is a major immunological organ against virus infection. However, the molecular mechanisms of variant cell responses in the bursa of Fabricius to NDRV with different virulence is unclear. Here, we conducted a whole transcriptomic analysis to study the effects of two strains, HN10 (virulent NDRV) and JDm10 (artificially attenuated NDRV), on the bursa of Fabricius of Muscovy ducklings. We harvested a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the bursa of Fabricius specially induced by HN10 and JDm10, and we found that HN10 induced DEGs enriched in differentiation and development in multiple organs beyond JDm10. Moreover, the ceRNA regulatory network also indicated the different connections among mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA. Interestingly, we further noticed that a population of differential expressed miRNA could particularly target to transcripts of HN10 and JDm10. We took miR-24 as an example and observed that miR-24 could reduce the transcription of GLI family zinc finger 3 (Gli3) and membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1 (Magi1) via recognition 3′ UTR of these two genes by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay in vitro. However, this effect could be compromised by HN10 infection or the ectopic over-expression of the putative miR-24 targeting regions in L1 and L3 fragments of HN10. Taken together, we examined and proposed a novel regulatory competitive mechanism between transcripts of NDRV and Muscovy ducklings for miRNA. These findings may advance the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NDRV in Muscovy ducklings, and help provide the potential targets for vaccine and drug development against NDRV.

Thyroid cancer remains the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide, and its incidence has steadily increased over the past four years. Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common differentiated thyroid cancer, accounting for 80–85% of all thyroid cancers. Mitochondrial proteins (MRPs) are an important part of the structural and functional integrity of the mitochondrial ribosomal complex. It has been reported that MRPL9 is highly expressed in liver cancer and promotes cell proliferation and migration, but it has not been reported in PTC. In the present study we found that MRPL9 was highly expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, and lentivirus-mediated overexpression of MRPL9 promoted the proliferation and migration ability of PTC cells, whereas knockdown of MRPL9 had the opposite effect. The interaction between MRPL9 and GGCT (γ-glutamylcyclotransferase) was found by immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation experiments (Co-IP). In addition, GGCT is highly expressed in PTC tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of GGCT/MRPL9 in vivo inhibited the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice and inhibited the formation of lung metastases. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of GGCT/MRPL9 inhibited the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study found that the interaction of GGCT and MRPL9 modulates the MAPK/ERK pathway, affecting the proliferation and migration of PTC cells. Therefore, GGCT/MRPL9 may serve as a potential biomarker for PTC monitoring and PTC treatment.

Whether the tree growth–climate relationship is consistent in subtropical China has not yet been reported. To fill this gap, we chose Pinus taiwanensis which grow on Lushan Mountain in a subtropical region of China as the target tree species, established a standard tree-ring width chronology, and conducted a moving correlation analysis with climatic factors. The results showed that the relationship between radial growth of P. taiwanensis and climate changed significantly during 1980–1990. From 1955 to 1985, tree rings were negatively affected mainly by precipitation in September of the current growing season. From 1990 to 2014, however, a significant negative correlation appeared between tree rings and sunshine duration from March to April in the growing season. Our results suggest the need to pay attention to this growth–climate inconsistency when conducting dendroclimatology studies in subtropical China. However, the causes of the inconsistency still require further confirmation.

The bursa of Fabricius is an immunologically organ against the invasion of duck reovirus (DRV), which is a fatal bird virus belonging to the Reoviridae family. However, responses of the bursa of Fabricius of Cairna moschata to novel DRV (NDRV) infection are largely unknown. Transcriptomes and proteomes of the samples from control and two NDRV strain (HN10 and JDm10) with different virulence were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes and differential accumulated proteins were enriched in the serine protease system and innate immune response clusters. Most of the immune-related genes were up-regulated under both JDm10/HN10 infections. However, the immune-related proteins were only accumulated under HN10 infection. For the serine protease system, coagulation factor IX, three chains of fibrinogen, and complements C8, C5, and C2s were significantly up-regulated by the HN10 infection, suggesting that the serine protease-mediated immune system might be involved in the resistance to NDRV infection. For the innate and adaptive immune system, RIG-I, MDA5, MAPK20, and IRF3 were significantly up-regulated, indicating their important roles against invaded virus. TLR-3 and IKBKB were only up-regulated in the liver cells, MAPK20 was only up-regulated in the bursa of Fabricius cells, and IRAK2 was only up-regulated in the spleen samples. Coagulation factor IX was increased in the bursa of Fabricius, not in the liver and spleen samples. The data provides a detailed resource for studying the proteins participating in the resistances of the bursa of Fabricius of duck to NDRV infections.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third deadliest cancer in the world, and the occurrence and development of GC are influenced by epigenetics. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a prominent RNA n6-adenosine methyltransferase (m6A) that plays an important role in tumor growth by controlling the work of RNA. This study aimed to reveal the biological function and molecular mechanism of METTL3 in GC. The expression level of METTL3 in GC tissues and cells was detected by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and the expression level and prognosis of METTL3 were predicted in public databases. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays were used to study the effect of METTL3 on GC cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the enrichment effect of METTL3 on DEK mRNA was detected by the RIP experiment, the m6A modification effect of METTL3 on DEK was verified by the MeRIP experiment and the mRNA half-life of DEK when METTL3 was overexpressed was detected. The dot blot assay detects m6A modification at the mRNA level. The effect of METTL3 on cell migration ability in vivo was examined by tail vein injection of luciferase-labeled cells. The experimental results showed that METTL3 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cells, and the high expression of METTL3 was associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, the m6A modification level of mRNA was higher in GC tissues and GC cell lines. Overexpression of METTL3 in MGC80-3 cells and AGS promoted cell proliferation and migration, while the knockdown of METTL3 inhibited cell proliferation and migration. The results of in vitro rescue experiments showed that the knockdown of DEK reversed the promoting effects of METTL3 on cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments showed that the knockdown of DEK reversed the increase in lung metastases caused by the overexpression of METTL3 in mice. Mechanistically, the results of the RIP experiment showed that METTL3 could enrich DEK mRNA, and the results of the MePIP and RNA half-life experiments indicated that METTL3 binds to the 3’UTR of DEK, participates in the m6A modification of DEK and promotes the stability of DEK mRNA. Ultimately, we concluded that METTL3 promotes GC cell proliferation and migration by stabilizing DEK mRNA expression. Therefore, METTL3 is a potential biomarker for GC prognosis and a therapeutic target.

The intrinsic chemical components and sensory characteristics of Gardeniae fructus Praeparatus (GFP) directly reflect its quality and subsequently, affect its clinical curative effect. However, there is little research on the correlation between the appearance traits and chemical compositions of GFP during heat processing. In this study, the major components of five typical processed decoction pieces of GFP were determined. With the deepening of processing, the contents of geniposidic acid and 5-HMF gradually increased, while the contents of deacetyl-asperulosidic acid methyl ester, gardenoside, and two pigments declined. Moreover, the electronic eye, electronic tongue, and electronic nose were applied to quantify GFP’s sensory properties. It was found that the chroma values showed a downward trend during the processing of GFP. The results of odor showed that ammonia, alkenes, hydrogen, and aromatic compounds were the material base for aroma characteristics. Complex bitterness in GF was more obvious than that in other GFP processed products. Furthermore, one mathematical model was established to evaluate the correlation between the sensory characteristics and chemical composition of GFP during five different stages. A cluster analysis and neural network analysis contributed to recognizing the processing stage of GFP. This study provided an alternative method for the exterior and interior correlation-based quality evaluation of herbs.

This paper employs an X-ray powder crystal diffractometer (XRD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrometer (UV-Vis-NIR), a Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and a laser Raman spectrometer to systematically investigate the gemological characteristics of blue sapphires from Baw-mar mine, Mogok, Myanmar. The results show that the FTIR spectra and UV-Vis-NIR spectra of the sapphire from this mine are significantly different from those of sapphires from other origins, which can be used to identify sapphires from this mine. The main crystal structure of the mineral sapphire from Baw-mar mine is corundum. The predominant chemical elements are Al and O, and the color-causing elements are Fe, Ti, V, and Ni. The characteristic ultraviolet absorption peak appears at 418 nm, which is mainly caused by the d-d transition of V3+ ions. The intensity change of the 946 nm ultraviolet absorption peak indicates that the presence of Ni2+ ions may aggravate the gray tone of sapphire and reduces its transparency. Compared with sapphires from other origins, sapphires from this mine have three characteristic infrared peaks of kaolinite at 930, 1025, and 1110 cm−1, of which the single peak at 930 cm−1 is attributed to -OH translation, and the double peaks at 1025 and 1110 cm−1 are attributed to the Si-O stretching vibration. The peaks at 369, 410, 437, 565, 633, and 739 cm−1 in the Raman spectra are attributed to [AlO6] octahedron vibration. Our work provides insight into detailed spectroscopy data of blue sapphires from this mine and the identification of sapphires from different origins through spectroscopic characteristics.

Information on the ground fissures induced by coal mining is important to the safety of coal mine production and the management of environment in the mining area. In order to identify these fissures timely and accurately, a new method was proposed in the present paper, which is based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a visible light camera and an infrared camera. According to such equipment, edge detection technology was used to detect mining-induced ground fissures. Field experiments show high efficiency of the UAV in monitoring the mining-induced ground fissures. Furthermore, a reasonable time period between 3:00 am and 5:00 am under the studied conditions helps UAV infrared remote sensing identify fissures preferably. The Roberts operator, Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, Canny operator and Laplacian operator were tested to detect the fissures in the visible image, infrared image and fused image. An improved edge detection method was proposed which based on the Laplacian of Gaussian, Canny and mathematical morphology operators. The peak signal-to-noise rate, effective edge rate, Pratt’s figure of merit and F-measure indicated that the proposed method was superior to the other methods. In addition, the fissures in infrared images at different times can be accurately detected by the proposed method except at 7:00 am, 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm.

Gemstones are minerals of gem qualities used for adornment and decoration with the attributes of beauty, durability and rarity. Traditionally, although China has been regarded as the most important source for nephrite, over the past decades, a large variety of gemstone resources have been newly discovered in China owing to continuous exploration works. The vast land with various geological and geochemical backgrounds is rich in gemstone resources with potential for new deposits discoveries. In pegmatites, gemstones are related to granitic magma events and mainly occur in pegmatitic cavities, such as tourmaline, aquamarine, spodumene, spessartine, moonstone, quartz, apatite, and topaz. The eruption of Tertiary basaltic magma provides gem-quality sapphire, spinel, olivine, garnet, and zircon. The supergene oxidation zones of some copper and iron deposits in Hubei and Anhui province host gem-quality turquoise and malachite. Moreover, the formation of the nephrite deposit in China is mostly related to the carbonatite and serpentinite rocks involved in the metamorphic-metasomatic processes. This paper comprehensively introduces the distribution of gemstones deposits, as well as the gemological and mineralogical characteristics of gemstones in China. Our present investigation provides insights into the gemstone potential of China for further exploitation.

Four new cytochalasans, phychaetoglobins A–D (1–4), together with twelve known cytochalasans (5–16), were isolated from a mangrove-associated fungus Chaetomium globosum kz-19. The new structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR, HR ESIMS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The absolute configuration of 2 was established by application of Mosher’s method. Compounds 4–8 exhibited moderate cytotoxicities against A549 and HeLa cell lines with the IC50 values less than 20 μM.

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which has been detected in over 70% of breast cancer cases, is a driving factor for breast cancer growth. For investigating the underlying genes and networks regulated by ERα in breast cancer, RNA-seq was performed between ERα transgenic MDA-MB-231 cells and wild type MDA-MB-231 cells. A total of 267 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Then bioinformatics analyses were performed to illustrate the mechanism of ERα. Besides, by comparison of RNA-seq data obtained from MDA-MB-231 cells and microarray dataset obtained from estrogen (E2) stimulated MCF-7 cells, an overlap of 126 DEGs was screened. The expression level of ERα was negatively associated with metastasis and EMT in breast cancer. We further verified that ERα might inhibit metastasis by regulating of VCL and TNFRSF12A, and suppress EMT by the regulating of JUNB and ID3. And the relationship between ERα and these genes were validated by RT-PCR and correlation analysis based on TCGA database. By PPI network analysis, we identified TOP5 hub genes, FOS, SP1, CDKN1A, CALCR and JUNB, which were involved in cell proliferation and invasion. Taken together, the whole-genome insights carried in this work can help fully understanding biological roles of ERα in breast cancer.

A thin coal seam mined as a protective coal seam above a gas outburst coal seam plays a central role in decreasing the degree of stress placed on a protected seam, thus increasing gas permeability levels and desorption capacities to dramatically eliminate gas outburst risk for the protected seam. However, when multiple layers of coal seams are present, stress-relieved gas from adjacent coal seams can cause a gas explosion. Thus, the post-drainage of gas from fractured and de-stressed strata should be applied. Comprehensive studies of gas permeability evolution mechanisms and gas seepage rules of protected seams close to protective seams that occur during protective seam mining must be carried out. Based on the case of the LongWall (LW) 23209 working face in the Hancheng coal mine, Shaanxi Province, this paper presents a seepage model developed through the FLAC3D software program (version 5.0, Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., Minneapolis, MI, USA) from which gas flow characteristics can be reflected by changes in rock mass permeability. A method involving theoretical analysis and numerical simulation was used to analyze stress relief and gas permeability evolution mechanisms present during broken rock mass compaction in a goaf. This process occurs over a reasonable amount of extraction time and in appropriate locations for comprehensive gas extraction technologies. In using this comprehensive gas drainage technological tool, the safe and efficient co-extraction of thin coal seams and gas resources can be realized, thus creating a favorable environment for the safe mining of coal and gas outburst seams.