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Objective: We aimed to determine the demographic data, mortality, and morbidity of early- and late-neonatal sepsis cases, the etiologic agents in these cases, and the antibiotic susceptibility of these agents., Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of newborns diagnosed with culture-proven sepsis within 24 months were evaluated., Results: Two hundred and eleven culture data points belonging to 197 infants were evaluated. Forty percent of the infants had a history of premature birth. The most common clinical findings were respiratory distress and feeding intolerance. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were detected most frequently as early- and late-sepsis agents. The most common Gram-negative bacteria detected as late-sepsis agents were Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). The overall mortality rate was 10%., Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis continues to have high mortality rates in tertiary NICUs. CoNS was the most common agent, highlighting the importance of developing and maintaining personnel training and handwashing practices. It will be important to consider the resistance rates of Klebsiella spp., the most common Gram-negative agent in late-onset sepsis (LOS) cases, to commonly used antibiotics in empirical treatments.

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of the soluble form of triggering receptor-1 expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) in neonatal meningitis. Methods: Serum sTREM-1 levels were measured in all neonatal sepsis patients at the start of antibiotic therapy and the 48th hour of treatment. At the beginning of antibiotic therapy, CSF samples were collected for sTREM-1 measurements. Control CSF samples were also collected from the patients with meningitis at the 48th hour of treatment. Results: A total of 77 preterm (50) and term (27) patients with neonatal sepsis were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the CSF sTREM-1 levels of patients with and without meningitis. The CSF sTREM-1 levels of preterm infants with meningitis decreased significantly after treatment ( p = 0.038). Although the CSF/serum sTREM-1 ratios tended to increase in babies with meningitis, no significant difference was found between the groups. CSF/serum sTREM-1 ratios (mean ± SD) were 1.42 ± 0.91 and 1.14 ± 0.85 in preterm babies with and without meningitis and 1.15 ± 0.97 and 0.97 ± 0.55 in term babies with and without meningitis, respectively. Conclusions: Serum and CSF sTREM-1 levels increase in patients with neonatal sepsis. CSF s-TREM-1 levels decrease after treatment in preterm infants with meningitis.

(1) Background: This study aimed to determine whether standard-dose vitamin D supplementation could provide adequate levels in exclusively breastfed infants born with different cord 25(OH)D levels and to evaluate related neonatal morbidities. (2) Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was designed in term infants. Three groups were formed based on cord 25(OH)D levels; Group1 Deficiency:25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL, Group2 Insufficiency:25(OH)D = 12-19 ng/mL, and Group3 Optimum:25(OH)D = 20-100 ng/mL. Cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels, after receiving standard-dose vitamin D prophylaxis, neonatal outcomes and anthropometric measurements were compared. (3) Results: The study involved 86 infants. Group1 Deficiency had also significantly lower 25(OH)D levels at 1st month compared to the others ( p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between cord and 1st month 25(OH)D levels (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). Despite the fact that the mother's age and clothing style were similar, Group1 Deficiency mothers had higher parity numbers and used less vitamin D during pregnancy ( p = 0.03, p = 0.04). Neonatal outcomes analysis revealed that newborns in Group1 Deficiency experienced more respiratory distress, transient tachypnea, and early-onset sepsis, as well as more and longer hospital stays in the first-month of life ( p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Infants with low cord 25(OH)D levels had also lower 25(OH)D values in the 1st month of life and experienced higher rates of neonatal morbidities. Given its numerous biological activities and impact on neonatal morbidities, determining an individualized dose of vitamin D supplementation may be more accurate than using the standard approach.