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Pork production is a niche economy in Egypt, and pigs are typically raised as backyard animals with no sanitary control, potentially exposing them to various pathogens. Commercially available ELISAs were used to detect specific antibodies to the food-borne zoonotic parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp., as well as to Neospora caninum, in serum samples of pigs slaughtered at Egypt’s only licensed pig abattoir, the El-Bassatin abattoir in Cairo. Among the tested sera (n = 332), seroreactivity for T. gondii was 45.8% (95% confidence interval: 40.4–51.3), N. caninum was 28.0% (95% CI: 23.3–33.2), and Trichinella spp. was 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–3.3). Mixed infection was only detected for T. gondii and N. caninum (18.7%; 95% CI: 14.7–23.4). The seroprevalence of T. gondii was significantly higher (p = 0.0003) in animals collected from southern Cairo (15 May city slum) than in eastern Cairo (Ezbet El Nakhl slum). Seroprevalence for N. caninum was higher in western (Manshiyat Naser slum; p = 0.0003) and southern Cairo (15 May city slum; p = 0.0003) than in that of eastern Cairo (Ezbet El Nakhl slum; p = 0.0003). Moreover, female pigs exhibited a higher rate of N. caninum antibodies than male ones (p < 0.0001). This study provides the first seroprevalence data for N. caninum in pigs in Egypt, and updates the prevalence of the zoonotic parasites Trichinella spp. and T. gondii.

In this article, a new modified asymmetric Topp–Leone distribution is created and developed from a theoretical and inferential point of view. It has the feature of extending the remarkable flexibility of a special one-shape-parameter lifetime distribution, known as the inverse Topp–Leone distribution, to the bounded interval [0, 1]. The probability density function of the proposed truncated distribution has the potential to be unimodal and right-skewed, with different levels of asymmetry. On the other hand, its hazard rate function can be increasingly shaped. Some important statistical properties are examined, including several different measures. In practice, the estimation of the model parameters under progressive type-II censoring is considered. To achieve this aim, the maximum likelihood, maximum product of spacings, and Bayesian approaches are used. The Markov chain Monte Carlo approach is employed to produce the Bayesian estimates under the squared error and linear exponential loss functions. Some simulation studies to evaluate these approaches are discussed. Two applications based on real-world datasets—one on the times of infection, and the second dataset is on trading economics credit rating—are considered. Thanks to its flexible asymmetric features, the new model is preferable to some known comparable models.

Proline is water soluble amino acid extensively used in drug delivery systems. Compounds of cobalt (Co) transition metal have potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, a drug delivery system combining proline cobalt is not reported yet. For the first time, new hybrid semi-organic single crystals of proline cobalt chloride (PCC) are prepared. The novelty of the article is also that single crystal proline cobalt chloride showed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Doping of PCC by Ag0NPs significantly increased these biological activities. The anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals can mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ag0NPs on normal cells. Silver nanoparticles (Ag0NPs) improved the crystal habits and physicochemical properties. Ag0NPs showed the best performance, paramagnetic materials n-type semiconductors due to delocalized excess electrons of Ag0NPs incorporated in the crystal lattice interstitially. Crystals have high absorptivity for UV-radiation electromagnetic radiation. Ag0NPs enhanced AC electrical conductivity up to 2.3 × 104 Ω cm−1 due to high electron density. Proline doped crystals are obtained in good purity as triclinic unit cell with having anisotropic magnetism. PCCAg0NPs crystal exhibited: high antimicrobial activities to various bacterial and fungal species, inhibition zone (mm): 21, 25, 24, 26, 30, 28, 12, and 46 for S. aureus, E. faecalis, S. typhi, E. coli, P. aerugino, K. pneumoniae, A. braselienses, and C. albicans, respectively, in comparison to ciprofloxacin antibiotic (23, 0, 26, 26, 25, 0, 0, 0) for the same tested species, respectively; higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC50 22.1 μM) than the reference drug cisplatin (IC50 11.7 μM); and lower cytotoxicity to normal healthy lung cells MRC-5, (IC50 145.5 μM) than cisplatin (IC50 30.2 μM). Hence, this crystal is a candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer.

The progressive-stress accelerated life test is discussed under the ordered ranked set sampling procedure. It is assumed that the lifetime of an item under use stress is exponentially distributed and the law of inverse power is considered as the relationship between the scale parameter and the applied stress. The involved parameters are estimated using the Bayesian technique, under symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, based on ordered ranked set samples and simple random samples subject to type-II censoring. Real and simulated data sets are used to illustrate the theoretical results presented in this paper. Finally, a simulation study followed by numerical calculations is performed to evaluate the Bayesian estimation performance based on the two sampling types.

Brucellosis, caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella, is one of the most neglected common zoonotic diseases globally with a public health significance and a high economic loss among the livestock industry worldwide. Since little is known about the distribution of B. abortus in Egypt, a total of 46 B. abortus isolates recovered between 2012–2020, plus one animal isolate from 2006, were analyzed by examining the whole core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) in comparison to the in silico multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Both cgSNP analysis and MLVA revealed three clusters and one isolate only was distantly related to the others. One cluster identified a rather widely distributed outbreak strain which is repeatedly occurring for at least 16 years with marginal deviations in cgSNP analysis. The other cluster of isolates represents a rather newly introduced outbreak strain. A separate cluster comprised RB51 vaccine related strains, isolated from aborted material. The comparison with MLVA data sets from public databases reveals one near relative from Argentina to the oldest outbreak strain and a related strain from Spain to a newly introduced outbreak strain in Egypt. The distantly related isolate matches with a strain from Portugal in the MLVA profile. Based on cgSNP analysis the oldest outbreak strain clusters with strains from the UK. Compared to the in silico analysis of MLVA, cgSNP analysis using WGS data provides a much higher resolution of genotypes and, when correlated to the associated epidemiological metadata, cgSNP analysis allows the differentiation of outbreaks by defining different outbreak strains. In this respect, MLVA data are error-prone and can lead to incorrect interpretations of outbreak events.

In this article, the tampered failure rate model is used in partially accelerated life testing. A non-decreasing time function, often called a ‘‘time transformation function", is proposed to tamper the failure rate under design conditions. Different types of the proposed function, which have sufficient conditions in order to be accelerating functions, are investigated. A baseline failure rate of the exponential distribution is considered. Some point estimation methods, as well as approximate confidence intervals, for the parameters involved are discussed based on generalized progressively hybrid censored data. The determination of the optimal stress change time is discussed under two different criteria of optimality. A real dataset is employed to explain the theoretical outcomes discussed in this article. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to examine the performance of the estimation methods and the optimality criteria.

Proline is water soluble amino acid extensively used in drug delivery systems. Compounds of cobalt (Co) transition metal have potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. However, a drug delivery system combining proline cobalt is not reported yet. For the first time, new hybrid semi-organic single crystals of proline cobalt chloride (PCC) are prepared. The novelty of the article is also that single crystal proline cobalt chloride showed potent antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Doping of PCC by Ag 0 NPs significantly increased these biological activities. The anisotropic magnetic properties of single crystals can mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ag 0 NPs on normal cells. Silver nanoparticles (Ag 0 NPs) improved the crystal habits and physicochemical properties. Ag 0 NPs showed the best performance, paramagnetic materials n-type semiconductors due to delocalized excess electrons of Ag 0 NPs incorporated in the crystal lattice interstitially. Crystals have high absorptivity for UV-radiation electromagnetic radiation. Ag 0 NPs enhanced AC electrical conductivity up to 2.3 × 10 4 Ω cm -1 due to high electron density. Proline doped crystals are obtained in good purity as triclinic unit cell with having anisotropic magnetism. PCCAg 0 NPs crystal exhibited: high antimicrobial activities to various bacterial and fungal species, inhibition zone (mm): 21, 25, 24, 26, 30, 28, 12, and 46 for S. aureus , E. faecalis , S. typhi , E. coli , P. aerugino , K. pneumoniae , A. braselienses , and C. albicans , respectively, in comparison to ciprofloxacin antibiotic (23, 0, 26, 26, 25, 0, 0, 0) for the same tested species, respectively; higher cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (IC 50 22.1 μM) than the reference drug cisplatin (IC 50 11.7 μM); and lower cytotoxicity to normal healthy lung cells MRC-5, (IC 50 145.5 μM) than cisplatin (IC 50 30.2 μM). Hence, this crystal is a candidate for chemotherapy of breast cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.