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Background/Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with limited effective treatments, prompting the need for investigation of novel therapeutic approaches. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory properties, but their combined effects on UC have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the combined administration of EPA and GLA on clinical and histopathologic features of experimental UC models. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized in three groups (DSS group, Ensure Plus group, and Oxepa group), with twelve rats in each group. Experimental colitis was induced by administrating dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 8%. The DSS group received tap water, the Ensure Plus group was given a high caloric diet, and the Oxepa group received a special diet containing high levels of EPA and GLA. Disease activity index (DAI) and microscopic activity index (MAI) were measured. Inflammatory markers were calculated both in blood and large intestine, liver, spleen, and lung tissue samples. Neutrophil and macrophage populations were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Results: No significant differences in the DAI index were found between the groups, but the MAI revealed statistically significant differences ( p < 0.001). While no significant differences were observed in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, interleukin-17 (IL-17) levels in the large intestine showed statistically significant differences ( p = 0.05), with the Ensure Plus and Oxepa groups displaying lower levels compared to the DSS group ( p = 0.021 and p = 0.043, respectively). Significant differences in neutrophil infiltration were found in both the large intestine ( p < 0.001) and lungs ( p = 0.002), with the Oxepa group showing fewer cells. Similarly, significant differences in macrophage infiltration were observed in the large intestine ( p = 0.038) and spleen ( p < 0.001), with the Oxepa group having lower macrophage counts. Conclusions: In conclusion, the combination of EPA and GLA demonstrates local anti-inflammatory effects and improves the histopathological outcomes in UC.

Background: Rectal prolapse (RP) predominantly affects women over the age of 50 and presents as mucosal, internal, or full thickness prolapse. Strangulated rectal prolapse requires immediate medical intervention, and surgical treatment options include both abdominal and perineal approaches. We aim to present a case series of perineal rectosigmoidectomy performed urgently due to strangulation and argue that Altemeier's procedure is the preferred method for treating strangulated rectal prolapse., Methods: Perineal rectosigmoidectomy, particularly Altemeier's procedure, is effective for incarcerated cases. Altemeier's procedure with diverting ileostomy was used in all three patients., Results: All patients were successfully treated, with no recurrence of prolapse and stool incontinence., Conclusions: Altemeier's procedure is ideal for the treatment of strangulated rectal prolapse.