1. Nut Consumptions as a Marker of Higher Diet Quality in a Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk
- Author
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Julia Wärnberg, Maria del Mar Bibiloni, Juan Carlos Cenoz, M. Dolors Zomeño, Helmut Schröder, Emilio Ros, Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas, José Lapetra, Dolores Corella, M. Angeles Zulet, Montserrat Fitó, Domingo Orozco-Beltrán, F. Aros, Jose Lopez-Miranda, Xavier Pintó, Lidia Daimiel, Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez, Vicente Martín, Javier Díez-Espino, Josep Basora, Josep Vidal, Ramon Estruch, Estefanía Toledo, Dora Romaguera, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel Ángel Martínez-González, Alicia Julibert, Lluis Serra-Majem, Francisco J. Tinahones, Cristina Bouzas, Antonio Garcia-Rios, J. Alfredo Martínez, Mònica Bulló, Pilar Matía, Josep A. Tur, Clotilde Vázquez, Jesús Vioque, and Rebeca Fernández-Carrión
- Subjects
Male ,Mediterranean diet ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,nut consumption ,humanos ,Overweight ,Diet, Mediterranean ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Nuts ,Micronutrients ,mediana edad ,2. Zero hunger ,Metabolic Syndrome ,anciano ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,encuestas de nutrición ,dieta ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,food and beverages ,diet quality ,Middle Aged ,Micronutrient ,Nutrition Surveys ,3. Good health ,estado nutricional ,Cardiovascular diseases ,Dietary Reference Intake ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cuina (Nous) ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Cooking (Nuts) ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,nutrient adequacy ,Nut ,Population ,enfermedades cardiovasculares ,Mediterranean diet, cardiovascular risk disease, diet quality, nut consumption, nutrient adequacy ,Nutritional Status ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Article ,cardiovascular risk disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mediterranean cooking ,Ciencias de la Salud::Medicina preventiva [Materias Investigacion] ,Environmental health ,Cuina mediterrània ,ingesta energética ,medicine ,factores de riesgo ,Humans ,Obesity ,education ,obesidad ,Aged ,business.industry ,Malalties cardiovasculars ,micronutrientes ,mediterranean diet ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,nueces ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Energy Intake ,Food Science - Abstract
Background: Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Objective: to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. Design: baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6060, men and women, with ages 55&ndash, 75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Methods: nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as &lsquo, non-nut consumers&rsquo, &lsquo, Nut consumers&rsquo, were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid, Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI). Results: eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day, interquartile range: 6.0&ndash, 25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS). Conclusions: nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.
- Published
- 2019