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Introduction: Mobile phone text message reminders (MPTMRs) have been implemented globally to promote vaccination uptake and recall rates. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of MPTMRs on vaccination recall rates. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials of caregivers of children, adolescents, or adults who received MPTMRs for improving vaccine uptake and recall visits. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, and Scopus to identify relevant studies published up to 24 January 2024. We used Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool to assess the included studies and reported the results as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals, using a random effects model. Results: We identified 25 studies for inclusion. All studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias. The evidence supports MPTMRs for improving vaccination uptake compared to usual care (RR = 1.09 [95%CI: 1.06, 1.13], I2 = 76%). Intervention characteristics, country setting, country economic status, and vaccination type had no bearing on the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions: MPTMRs have a positive effect, albeit relatively small, on vaccination uptake. These findings may assist public health practitioners, policymakers, and vaccine researchers in evidence-based decision making that focuses on MPTMRs and their impact on vaccination coverage.