Search

Today’s concept of time is based on Einstein’s theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue since it is not compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: SR and GR work well for each observer describing his unique reality, but “Einstein time” (Einstein’s concept of time) has an issue. It arranges all events in the universe in a 1D line on my watch, yet neither cosmology nor quantum mechanics care about my watch. Einstein time hides the big picture! In Euclidean relativity (ER), we replace egocentric Einstein time (proper time of one observer) with universal Euclidean time (proper time of all objects/observers). It originates from an absolute point O (Big Bang). In Euclidean spacetime (ES), all energy is moving radially away from O at the speed c. For each object, time flows in a unique 4D direction related to its position. Einstein time makes us believe that time would flow in one direction for all objects in the universe. Unlike other ER models, we claim that an observer’s reality is only created by projecting ES orthogonally to his proper 3D space and to his proper flow of time. ER gives us the same Lorentz factor as in SR and the same gravitational time dilation as in GR, but now we learn that they stem from a projection. ER outperforms SR in explaining time’s arrow and mc2. ER outperforms a GR-based cosmology in solving competing Hubble constants and declaring cosmic inflation, expansion of space, and dark energy redundant. Most important, ER is compatible with quantum mechanics: It solves the wave–particle duality and quantum entanglement while declaring non-locality redundant.

Today's concept of time traces back to Albert Einstein's theories of special (SR) and general relativity (GR). In SR, uniformly moving clocks are slow with respect to my clocks. In GR, clocks in a more curved spacetime are slow with respect to my clocks. Many physicists anticipate that GR has an issue as it is not compatible with quantum mechanics. Here we show: Einstein's concept of time has an issue because the proper time of some observer is taken as the fourth coordinate of all objects in the universe. We choose "Euclidean time" (proper time of an object), which is the absolute value of a 4D vector "flow of time" divided by the speed of light. This vector is pointing from the Big Bang in Euclidean spacetime (ES) to the object. In Euclidean relativity (ER), each clock has a unique flow of time related to its position in ES and is thus slow with respect to an observer's clock. It is not slow in its, but in his proper flow of time. Unlike other ER models, we claim that an observer's reality is formed by projecting ES to his proper 3D space and to his proper flow of time. GR misinterprets this projection as a curved spacetime. We derive the same Lorentz factor as in SR and the same gravitational time dilation as in GR. Predictions made by SR are correct because the Lorentz transformation is equivalent to one 4D rotation of an object's flow of time. A cosmology that is based on GR needs additional concepts, such as dark energy, to compensate for the ignored 4D vectors "flow of time". ER is superior to SR and GR as it solves 13 fundamental mysteries, such as time, time's arrow, mc2, two competing Hubble constants, the wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement.

Today’s concept of time traces back to Einstein’s theory of special relativity (SR). In SR, he shows how inertial systems relate to each other. In general relativity (GR), he considers gravitation a property of curved spacetime. Here we prove: Einstein makes two mistakes in his concept of time. (1) He claims that clocks in a system K’ could synchronize at any instant with clocks in K, where K’ moves relative to K. If they did, they would have no clockwork. (2) He assigns variables of time to K’ (or else K) instead of assigning them to the measuring observer. Mislead by SR, Einstein makes a third mistake: In GR, he selects again an indefinite metric. Our “Euclidean relativity” (ER) is based on a Euclidean metric. We postulate: (1) In Euclidean spacetime (ES), all energy is moving radially away from an origin at the speed of light. (2) The laws of physics have the same form in each reality (projection of ES to an observer’s 3D space). (3) All energy is “wavematter” (electromagnetic wave packet and matter in one). Previous ER models run into paradoxes as they conceive of ES as reality. We show: The Lorentz transformation in SR is recovered in ER; gravitation relates to a rotation; ER is compatible with quantum mechanics. Einstein’s mistakes in SR have no measurable consequence, but GR is only an approximation for individual observers. We solve 12 fundamental mysteries, like today’s Hubble constant, dark energy, wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement.

Today’s concepts of space and time trace back to Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity. In special relativity, he derives relations of how a “moving observer” experiences space and time with respect to an “observer at rest”. In general relativity, he derives relations of how mass and energy are affecting space and time. Both theories have been very successful, but fail to solve fundamental mysteries such as competing values of the Hubble constant, dark energy, the wave–particle duality, and quantum entanglement. Here we show that this failure is due to prioritizing a primary observer: Einstein’s relations are valid only for a “system at rest” or a momentarily comoving reference frame. There is no superordinate reference frame in which all observers (“at rest” and moving) are treated alike. In what we call “Euclidean relativity”, we replace Minkowski spacetime (MS) with Euclidean spacetime (ES). We claim that an observer’s reality is formed by projecting ES to 3D space. The major benefit is: ES is a superordinate frame which is not limited to individual observers. It even gives us a Theory of Everything. Matching the symmetry simplifies physics! Alternative models of Euclidean relativity run into paradoxes as they claim reality to be in ES. Our theory profits from two concepts: “distance” (space and time in one) and “wavematter” (electromagnetic wave packet and matter in one). Time is a subordinate quantity: covered distance divided by the speed of light. Wavematter is a generalized concept of energy: Waves and particles are the same thing (energy), but seen from two perspectives. Length contraction, time dilation, acceleration, and gravitation are geometric effects.