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Patient safety in psychiatric inpatient facilities remains under-researched despite its crucial importance. This study aims to address this gap by using expert opinion to estimate the frequency of diverse patient safety incidents (PSIs) in psychiatric settings and to compare it with the existing literature. Utilizing a seven-step approach, a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety was developed and deployed. A total of 33 expert opinions were collected. Results showed a higher estimated incidence of PSIs in psychiatric settings compared to general healthcare, highlighting categories such as patient behavior, medication, and infrastructure as significant contributors. Experts emphasized the prevalence of incidents related to behavioral issues and inadequate infrastructure, areas often overlooked in the existing literature. Unlike general settings, psychiatric facilities appear more vulnerable to specific PSIs, such as those related to medication and building safety, underscoring the need for targeted safety measures. Our study suggests the existence of significant discrepancies between expert opinion and available research, with several underexplored domains in psychiatric patient safety.

The second victim phenomenon (SVP) refers to workers negatively impacted by involvement in unanticipated adverse events or errors. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied in healthcare since its acknowledgment over 20 years ago, its presence and management in other high-risk industries have remained unclear. We conducted a scoping review aiming to map the SVP in non-healthcare industries, as well as to explore the available interventions or support programs addressed to help second victims (SVs). A total of 5818 unique records were identified and, after the screening process, 18 studies from eight sectors were included. All industries acknowledged the existence of the SVP, though many did not use a specific term for defining the SV. Similarities in psychological and emotional consequences were found across sectors. Support strategies varied, with the aviation sector implementing the most comprehensive programs. Self-care and peer support were the most reported interventions, while structured clinical support was not mentioned in any industry. Our review highlighted a lack of standardized terminology and industry-specific, evidence-based support interventions for the SVP outside of healthcare. Healthcare appears to be at the forefront of formally recognizing and addressing the SVP, despite traditionally learning from other high-reliability industries in safety practices. This presents opportunities for reciprocal learning and knowledge transfer between healthcare and other high-risk sectors.