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1. Impact of Antenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potency

Author

Chia-Jung Chiang, Wei-Lun Hsu, Mei-Tsz Su, Wen-Chien Ko, Keng-Fu Hsu, and Pei-Yin Tsai

Subjects
vaccines, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant women, infants, immune response, Medicine
Abstract

A pregnancy booster dose significantly reduces the risk and severity of COVID-19, and it is widely recommended. A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies from vaccination or infection during three trimesters against both the vaccine-targeted Wuhan strain and the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2. Maternal–infant dyads from vaccinated mothers were collected between 6 June 2022 and 20 September 2022. We analyzed 38 maternal–infant dyads from mothers who had been infected with COVID-19 and 37 from mothers without any previous infection. Pregnant women who received their last COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third trimester exhibited the highest anti-spike protein antibody levels and neutralizing potency against both the Wuhan strain and Omicron BA.2 variant in their maternal and cord plasma. Both second- and third-trimester vaccination could lead to a higher level of neutralization against the Wuhan and Omicron strains. COVID-19 infection had a negative effect on the transplacental transfer ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A booster dose during the second or third trimester is encouraged for the maximum transplacental transfer of humoral protection against COVID-19 for infants.

Published
2024
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2. Rail Corrugation Index Development by Sound-Field Excitation on the Carriage Floor of In-Service Train

Author

Wei-Lun Hsu and Chia-Ming Chang

Subjects
rail corrugation, onboard sensing deployment, vibration measurement, short-time Fourier transform, time-frequency analysis, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The steel rail and wheel in the railway system offer a high precision and smooth-running surface. Nevertheless, the point of contact between the rail and wheel presents a critical area that can give rise to rail corrugation. This phenomenon can potentially elevate sound and vibration levels in the vicinity considerably, necessitating advanced monitoring and assessment measures. Recently, many efforts have been directed towards utilizing in-service trains for evaluating rail corrugation, and the evaluation has primarily relied on axle-box acceleration (ABA). However, the ABA measurements require a higher threshold for vibration detection. This study introduces a novel approach to rail corrugation detection by carriage floor acceleration (CFA), aimed at lowering the detection threshold. The method capitalizes on the acceleration data sensed on the carriage floor, which is induced by the sound pressure (e.g., sound-field excitation) generated at the wheel–rail contact point. An exploration of the correlation between these datasets is undertaken by simultaneously measuring both ABA and CFA. Moreover, a pivotal aspect of this research is the development of the eigenfrequency rail corrugation index (E-RCI), a mechanism that culminates energy around specific eigenfrequencies by CFA. Through this index, a focused analysis of rail corrugation patterns is facilitated. The study further delves into the stability, repeatability, and sensitivity of the E-RCI via varied measurement scenarios. Ultimately, the CFA-based rail corrugation identification is verified, establishing its practical applicability and offering a distinct approach to detecting and characterizing rail corrugation phenomena. This study has introduced an innovative methodology for rail corrugation detection using CFA, with the principal objective of lowering the detection threshold. This approach offers an efficient measurement technique for identifying rail corrugation areas, thereby potentially reducing maintenance costs and enhancing efficiency within the railway industry.

Published
2023
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3. Review of Metasurfaces and Metadevices: Advantages of Different Materials and Fabrications

Author

Wei-Lun Hsu, Yen-Chun Chen, Shang Ping Yeh, Qiu-Chun Zeng, Yao-Wei Huang, and Chih-Ming Wang

Subjects
metasurfaces, metalens, metadevices, aspect ratio, efficiency, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Flat optics, metasurfaces, metalenses, and related materials promise novel on-demand light modulation within ultrathin layers at wavelength scale, enabling a plethora of next-generation optical devices, also known as metadevices. Metadevices designed with different materials have been proposed and demonstrated for different applications, and the mass production of metadevices is necessary for metadevices to enter the consumer electronics market. However, metadevice manufacturing processes are mainly based on electron beam lithography, which exhibits low productivity and high costs for mass production. Therefore, processes compatible with standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor manufacturing techniques that feature high productivity, such as i-line stepper and nanoimprint lithography, have received considerable attention. This paper provides a review of current metasurfaces and metadevices with a focus on materials and manufacturing processes. We also provide an analysis of the relationship between the aspect ratio and efficiency of different materials.

Published
2022
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4. Joule Heating Effects on Transport-Induced-Charge Phenomena in an Ultrathin Nanopore

Author

Zhixuan Wang, Wei-Lun Hsu, Shuntaro Tsuchiya, Soumyadeep Paul, Amer Alizadeh, and Hirofumi Daiguji

Subjects
transport-induced-charge, nanofluidics, electrokinetics, Joule heating, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Transport-induced-charge (TIC) phenomena, in which the concentration imbalance between cations and anions occurs when more than two chemical potential gradients coexist within an ultrathin dimension, entail numerous nanofluidic systems. Evidence has indicated that the presence of TIC produces a nonlinear response of electroosmotic flow to the applied voltage, resulting in complex fluid behavior. In this study, we theoretically investigate thermal effects due to Joule heating on TIC phenomena in an ultrathin nanopore by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Our modeling results show that the rise of local temperature inside the nanopore significantly enhances TIC effects and thus has a significant influence on electroosmotic behavior. A local maximum of the solution conductivity occurs near the entrance of the nanopore at the high salt concentration end, resulting in a reversal of TIC across the nanopore. The Joule heating effects increase the reversal of TIC with the synergy of the negatively charged nanopore, and they also enhance the electroosmotic flow regardless of whether the nanopore is charged. These theoretical observations will improve our knowledge of nonclassical electrokinetic phenomena for flow control in nanopore systems.

Published
2020
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5. Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Fluids in 2018

Author

Yoshiyuki Tagawa, Ali Bakhshandeh Rostami, Radwin Askari, Sergio Chiva, Caleb Brooks, Moon Son, Brandon L. Helfield, Jorge Peixinho, Thomas Gomez, Jiming Bao, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Luca Biferale, Karen Mulleners, Charlie Lin, Vincent Faucher, Sandra Rafael, Małgorzata Król, Albert Oliver, Pierre Thibault, Zhaoming He, Dragan Marinkovic, Julio Marti, Abbas Firoozabadi, Melanie Jimenez, Mercedes Fernández, Samane Zeyghami, Roman Chertovskih, Petros J. Ioannou, Valentina Domenici, Ramon Pamies, Claude Inserra, Jamal Naser, Karl W. Bandilla, Mark A. Stremler, Wei Tao Wu, Sayantan Ganguly, Mehdi Habibi, Yannis Dimakopoulos, Yancheng Zhang, Laurent Cordier, Holger Foysi, Sina Rezaei-Gomari, Lance Traub, Tuyen Quang Le, Thomas Baboolal, Albino Martins, Takashi Watanabe, Tannin Schmidt, Giancarlo Sorrentino, Valerio Pini, Ali Tafarojnoruz, Chengyu Li, Ans Punt, Shyy Woei Chang, John Methven, Konstantinos Verdelis, Stephen Hoath, D. Felipe Gaitan, Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis, Mehrdad Massoudi, Arnold J. T. M. Mathijssen, Yasuyuki Maki, Hamid Arastoopour, Ali K. Oskouie, Peter D. Minev, Elna Heimdal Nilsson, Naum Gershenzon, Razvan Stefanescu, Patrick Richard, Vivek V. Ranade, John F. Mejia, Karsten Trulsen, Amin Doostmohammadi, Jung Il Choi, Mohammad Hashemi, Quoc Nguyen, Luis G. Baltazar, James S. Bus, Stefano Benni, David French, Ian Jacobi, Abraham N. Gissen, Chengcheng Tao, Ciro Apollonio, Marwan Fahs, Ismael Falcon Suarez, Traian Iliescu, Guillaume Roullet, Wei Lun Hsu, E. Eric Adams, Jose Alvarado, Ali Shafiei, Antonio Monzón, Alan J. Thorpe, Brian Helenbrook, Nicolas Espinoza, Takahiro Tsukahara, Dieter Braun, Tsevi Beatus, Jasmina Casals Terre, Tarak Nath Nandi, Marco Scapinello, Ahmad Malekpour, Georgios Martinopoulos, Mikhail A. Sheremet, David J. Collins, Pavel Kopel, William B. Zimmerman, Adnan Rajib, Ekaterina Ezhova, Alejandro D. Rey, Christian Nayeri, Cristian Marchioli, Antonio Perazzo, Alois Peter Schaffarczyk, Grazia Leonzio, Sunny Jung, Florent Malloggi, Franco Concli, David G. Dritschel, Fangxin Fang, Mostafa Safdari Shadloo, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Michael Hargather, Chris Walcek, Dimitri Gidaspow, Lars Göran Westerberg, Diego Romano Perinelli, Guilhem Poy, Xuping Xie, Ken Kamrin, Daniela Malcangio, Ioannis Papantoniou, Ilias G. Papakonstantis, Mario Oertel, Thanh Toan Tran, Ioan Pop, Laurent Duchemin, Kelly M. Schultz, Javier Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Pejman Tahmasebi, Gergely Kristóf, Ke Xu, Greg Burgreen, Scott Mccue, Reza Barati, Ali Cemal Benim, Xuan Mu, Hamid Emami-Meybodi, John Bartzis, Zelin Xu, Carlos Borrego, Chadi Maalouf, Ulrike Müller, Hari B. Vuthaluru, Emil-Alexandru Brujan, Qingan Li, Kakkattukuzhy Isaac, Mahnoush Babaei, Juan Garrido-Jurado, Gualtiero Badin, Khashayar Khoshmanesh, Elsen Tjhung, Rita Carvalho, Robert Ettema, Xavier Carton, Shigeo Yoshida, Antal Jakli, Aleksey S. Telyakovskiy, Shohel Mahmud, Daniele Chiappini, Vít Průša, Alistair Revell, Thomas Engles, Evangelos Keramaris, Francesca Lionetto, Robin Singh, Evgeny Ryzhov, Wouter Zijl, Citsabehsan Devendran, Omar Basha, Rene Woszidlo, Joseph Tribbia, Amelia Carolina Sparavigna, Manfred Wagner, Michele Palermo, Umberto Morbiducci, Francesca Oliviero, Dima Bolmatov, Georgios Dimitrakopoulos, Javier Atencia, Víctor Vilarrasa, Chirag Trivedi, Raffaele Marino, J. C. Vassilicos, Hai Yao Deng, Petra Amparo López-Jiménez, Jorge Morillo, John Wanjiku, Gerardo Severino, Konstantin V. Koshel, Sahil Sandesh Gandhi, Ijung Kim, Philippe Sucosky, Joshua Bostwick, Robert A. Van Gorder, Davide Gardini, Tore Flåtten, Monirosadat Sadati, Enrico Ferrero, John J. Socha, Dmitri Kondrashov, Jinchen Ji, Julio Garcia, John Crawshaw, Wen Dar Guo, Mauro Scungio, Roberto Mauri, Alexander A. Schekochihin, Yaocihuatl Medina, Benjamin M. Friedrich, Gilles Bouchet, Cosimo Bianchini, Marek Stastna, Pradeep Sharma, Ashkan Vatani, David M. Dudzinski, Manicham Sivakumar, Juho Lintuvuori, Icíar González, Michael Nones, Seyyed Muhammad Salili, Andrew R. Teixeira, Geng Liu, Fardin Khalili, Ram Balachandar, Giorgio Besagni, Nivesh K. Mittal, Raf Theunissen, Anastasios J. Karabelas, Ramis Örlü, Markus Scholle, Adam Jirásek, Jens Olaf Delfs, Ricardo Vinuesa, Georgi Sutyrin, Stephen Wilson, Sébastien Poncet, Ardalan Javadi, Jean Lou Dorne, Yoshiaki Uchida, Bo Kong, Lauren E. Beckingham, Rossella Arrigo, Oxana E. Kurkina, Soo Kim Jeong, Francesco Meneguzzo, Kazumichi Kobayashi, Alex Skvortsov, Michalis Xenos, Davide Ferraro, Vitaliy Krivets, Mudde Rob, Eugene Benilov, Han Hu, Chandrashekhar S. Jog, Laura Miller, Omer San, Nikolai Brilliantov, Annalisa Dalmoro, Gaojin Li, Arthur E.P. Veldman, Iman Borazjani, Kongchang Wei, Luigi De Luca, Vladislav Zheligovsky, Kumbakonam R. Rajagopal, Raul Sanchez, Masaki Kubo, Rajib L. Goswamee, Zeynep Aytac, Nils T. Basse, Yuliang Xie, Saurin Patel, Mauro Malvé, Majid Mohammadian, Patrice Estelle, Bernd R. Noack, Christian Breitsamter, Layachi Hadji, Kim Boon Lua, Yongxing Wang, Ellahi Rahmat, Marco Evangelos Biancolini, Alberto Alberello, Andreas Gross, Xiangdong Li, Giuseppe Oliveto, Thomas Blacker, Samim Ali, Azar Eslam-Panah, Bo Cheng, Neil M. Ribe, Kaspar Vereide, Ryohji Ohba, Josep Maria Soler, Min Chan Kim, Albert Kwan, Astolfi Davide, Corina Drapaca, Ruth Baltus, Liqiang Ren, Anabela Maia, Gilad Arwatz, Paul Manneville, Marco Pellegrini, Vlassios Hrissanthou, Mohsen Soleimani-Mohseni, T. Juan García, Adriano Tiribocchi, Daniel Bonn, Michael S. Triantafyllou, Yan Zhang, Ali M. Hamed, Peiman Valipour, Mohsen Besharat, Lev A. Ostrovsky, Mauro Giudici, M. N. Islam, Sergey Suslov, Eric Climent, Dahai Qi, Dimitris Ipsakis, Vilhjálmur Nielsen, Leon Glicksman, Julio Martinell, Keith W. Moored, Dejan Brkić, Roman Mukin, Atle Jensen, Dimitris Drikakis, Fabien Anselmet, Vahid Dokhani, Soledad Le Clainche, Jozsef Rohacs, Yehuda Zeiri, D. J.E.M. Roekaerts, Daniel R. Einstein, Aashwin Mishra, Navid Kashaninejad, Yaoyi Guan, Erich Carr Everbach, Aliyu M. Aliyu, Alexander M. Balk, Hamidreza Shabgard, Alexander Doinikov, Jerome Charmet, Elizabeth H. Keating, Erico Luiz Rempel, Rui Sun, Hassan Dashtian, Lampros Vasiliades, Dmitry Kolomenskiy, Leon Wang, Hyeun Joong Yoon, V. L. Zimont, Shigeru Ikeo, Fernando Nardi, Odin Gramstad, Andrew Hazel, Stefano Discetti, C.D. Dritselis, Ignacio Pagonabarraga, Manfred Heuberger, Viatcheslav Bykov, Miroslav Stayanov, Mohammed Azaroual, Amirhossein Arzani, Abubakar Abbas Jibrin, Junru Wu, Alberto Meiss, Robert Stahelin, Mohammad Robiul Hossan, Walter Grondzik, Susan Kurien, Kyung Hwan Kwak, Peter Sunderland, Philippe Marmottant, and Dana Grecov

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Medical education, n/a, Mechanical Engineering, lcsh:QC310.15-319, Acknowledgement, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, lcsh:Thermodynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Psychology, lcsh:QC120-168.85
Abstract

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]

Published
2019

6. Joule Heating Effects on Transport-Induced-Charge Phenomena in an Ultrathin Nanopore

Author

Hirofumi Daiguji, Soumyadeep Paul, Zhixuan Wang, Amer Alizadeh, Shuntaro Tsuchiya, and Wei-Lun Hsu

Subjects
Materials science, lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, Nanofluidics, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, nanofluidics, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, Electrokinetic phenomena, lcsh:TJ1-1570, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, transport-induced-charge, Complex fluid, electrokinetics, Mechanical Engineering, Joule heating, Electrostatic induction, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Flow control (fluid), Nanopore, Control and Systems Engineering, Chemical physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Transport-induced-charge (TIC) phenomena, in which the concentration imbalance between cations and anions occurs when more than two chemical potential gradients coexist within an ultrathin dimension, entail numerous nanofluidic systems. Evidence has indicated that the presence of TIC produces a nonlinear response of electroosmotic flow to the applied voltage, resulting in complex fluid behavior. In this study, we theoretically investigate thermal effects due to Joule heating on TIC phenomena in an ultrathin nanopore by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Our modeling results show that the rise of local temperature inside the nanopore significantly enhances TIC effects and thus has a significant influence on electroosmotic behavior. A local maximum of the solution conductivity occurs near the entrance of the nanopore at the high salt concentration end, resulting in a reversal of TIC across the nanopore. The Joule heating effects increase the reversal of TIC with the synergy of the negatively charged nanopore, and they also enhance the electroosmotic flow regardless of whether the nanopore is charged. These theoretical observations will improve our knowledge of nonclassical electrokinetic phenomena for flow control in nanopore systems.

Published
2020

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