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Simple Summary Considering the high mortality rate and the increasing spread of brain tumors both in adulthood and in childhood, we explore the role and involvement of fibroblast growth factors receptors (FGFRs) in two specific types of brain tumors: astrocytoma and glioblastoma. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) regulate pivotal cellular processes during embryonal development of the CNS, and as a survival mechanism for adult neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, interactions between the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and N-cadherin with FGFR are important for a number of developmental events and have also been implicated in tumor progression. Thus, this review provides an overview on the biological mechanisms of FGFRs related to oncogenesis and a new point of view for future preclinical and clinical studies to develop increasingly targeted therapies. Abstract Despite pharmacological treatments and surgical practice options, the mortality rate of astrocytomas and glioblastomas remains high, thus representing a medical emergency for which it is necessary to find new therapeutic strategies. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) act through their associated receptors (FGFRs), a family of tyrosine kinase receptors consisting of four members (FGFR1–4), regulators of tissue development and repair. In particular, FGFRs play an important role in cell proliferation, survival, and migration, as well as angiogenesis, thus their gene alteration is certainly related to the development of the most common diseases, including cancer. FGFRs are subjected to multiple somatic aberrations such as chromosomal amplification of FGFR1; mutations and multiple dysregulations of FGFR2; and mutations, translocations, and significant amplifications of FGFR3 and FGFR4 that correlate to oncogenesis process. Therefore, the in-depth study of these receptor systems could help to understand the etiology of both astrocytoma and glioblastoma so as to achieve notable advances in more effective target therapies. Furthermore, the discovery of FGFR inhibitors revealed how these biological compounds improve the neoplastic condition by demonstrating efficacy and safety. On this basis, this review focuses on the role and involvement of FGFRs in brain tumors such as astrocytoma and glioblastoma.