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Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has a high local recurrence rate of approximately 20%. Systemic inflammatory markers, such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), hemoglobin (Hb), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), have been reported as prognostic markers in patients with malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between these markers and the local recurrence rate of GCTB. In total, 103 patients with GCTB who underwent surgery at the authors’ institutions between 1993 and 2021 were included. Thirty patients experienced local recurrence. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that tumor site, preoperative and postoperative denosumab treatment, and surgery were significantly associated with local recurrence-free survival. LDH was associated with local recurrence-free survival on univariate analysis only. NLR, mGPS, PNI, LMR, and PLR score did not correlate with the local recurrence rate. In conclusion, NLR, mGPS, PNI, LMR, PLR score, Hb, ALP, and LDH levels are not correlated with the local recurrence rate of GCTB. However, due to the small number of patients included in this study, this result should be re-evaluated in a multicenter study with a larger sample size.

The adverse effects of chemotherapy are more apparent in elderly patients and lead to worse prognosis and mortality. Identifying immunonutritional risk factors is of great importance in terms of treatment effectiveness, prognosis, and mortality in geriatric oncology. The modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) is an immunonutritional index based on serum CRP and albumin levels. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mGPS in predicting prognosis and survival in elderly patients with gastric cancer receiving perioperative FLOT treatment. We retrospectively enrolled 71 patients aged over 65 years and grouped them according to their pretreatment mGPS score. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis showed overall survival was significantly worse in the mGPS 1 and mGPS 2 groups than in the mGPS 0 group (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). Compared to the mGPS 0 group, the mGPS 1 group had a 6.25 times greater risk of death (95% CI: 1.61–24.28, p = 0.008), and the mGPS 2 group had a 6.59 times greater risk of death (95% CI: 2.08–20.85, p = 0.001). High BMI was identified as a significant risk factor for being in the mGPS 2 group (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.018–1.425, p = 0.030). In conclusion, elevated pretreatment mGPS was associated with poor overall survival in elderly patients with gastric cancer treated with perioperative FLOT therapy. As such, pretreatment mGPS can be a simple and useful tool to predict mortality in this specific patient group.

Background: A systemic inflammatory marker, the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), could predict outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NIMBC). We aimed to investigate the predictive power of mGPS in oncological outcomes in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients undergoing Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patient’s medical data from multicenter institutions. A total of 1382 patients with HG/G3 T1 NMIBC have been administered adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy, every week for 3 weeks given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. The analysis of mGPS for recurrence and progression was performed using multivariable and univariable Cox regression models. Results: During follow-up, 659 patients (47.68%) suffered recurrence, 441 (31.91%) suffered progression, 156 (11.28%) died of all causes, and 67 (4.84%) died of bladder cancer. At multivariable analysis, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [hazard ratio (HR): 7.471; p = 0.0001] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (HR: 0.706; p = 0.006 were significantly associated with recurrence. mGPS has no statistical significance for progression (p = 0.076). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in survival among patients from different mGPS subgroups. Five-year OS was 93% (CI 95% 92–94), in patients with mGPS 0, 82.2% (CI 95% 78.9–85.5) in patients with mGPS 1 and 78.1% (CI 95% 60.4–70) in mGPS 2 patients. Five-year CSS was 98% (CI 95% 97–99) in patients with mGPS 0, 90% (CI 95% 87–94) in patients with mGPS 1, and 100% in mGPS 2 patients. Limitations are applicable to a retrospective study. Conclusions: mGPS may have the potential to predict recurrence in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients, but more prospective, with large cohorts, studies are needed to study the influence of systemic inflammatory markers in prediction of outcomes in NMIBC for a definitive conclusion.

The prognostic impact of the combination of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of this combination as a predictor of survival in CRC patients. We retrospectively evaluated 769 CRC patients who had undergone surgery between January 2006 and March 2014. The CAR and mGPS within 1 month postoperation were examined. The integrated area under the curve (iAUC) was compared among mGPS, CAR, and the combined classification (CC). The optimal CAR cut-off for discriminating overall survival was 0.14. Based on this cut-off, the mGPS 0 group was divided into the mGPS 0 with low CAR and the mGPS 0 with high CAR groups, whereas all mGPS 1 and 2 patients were classified into the high CAR group. CC was an independent prognostic factor, and its iAUC value (0.587, 95% CI 0.553–0.624) was superior to those of the mGPS (0.544, 95% CI 0.516–0.576) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.015–0.072) and CAR (0.578, 95% CI 0.545–0.613) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.009; 95% CI = 0.002–0.017), respectively. In conclusion, the combination of mGPS and CAR has a synergistic effect and has a higher prognostic accuracy than mGPS or CAR alone in patients with CRC.

Background: Many studies explored the prognostic value of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in urothelial carcinoma (UC), but the results are controversial. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between pretreatment mGPS and survival in patients with UC. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies published before August 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between pretreatment mGPS and the prognosis of UC. Results: Thirteen eligible studies involving 12,524 patients were included. A high mGPS was significantly associated with poor overall survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.12−1.58, p = 0.001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.43−2.84, p < 0.0001), progression-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03−1.53, p = 0.021; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.12−2.77, p = 0.013), recurrence-free survival (mGPS 1/0: HR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.18−1.56, p < 0.0001; mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.44−2.000, p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (mGPS 2/0: HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.30−2.52, p < 0.0001). A subgroup analysis of OS also yielded similar results. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that high pretreatment mGPS in UC is closely related to poor survival. Pre-treatment mGPS is a powerful independent prognostic factor in patients with UC.

Background: A systemic inflammatory marker, the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), could predict outcomes in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NIMBC). We aimed to investigate the predictive power of mGPS in oncological outcomes in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients undergoing Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patient's medical data from multicenter institutions. A total of 1382 patients with HG/G3 T1 NMIBC have been administered adjuvant intravesical BCG therapy, every week for 3 weeks given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months. The analysis of mGPS for recurrence and progression was performed using multivariable and univariable Cox regression models., Results: During follow-up, 659 patients (47.68%) suffered recurrence, 441 (31.91%) suffered progression, 156 (11.28%) died of all causes, and 67 (4.84%) died of bladder cancer. At multivariable analysis, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio [hazard ratio (HR): 7.471; p = 0.0001] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (HR: 0.706; p = 0.006 were significantly associated with recurrence. mGPS has no statistical significance for progression ( p = 0.076). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference in survival among patients from different mGPS subgroups. Five-year OS was 93% (CI 95% 92-94), in patients with mGPS 0, 82.2% (CI 95% 78.9-85.5) in patients with mGPS 1 and 78.1% (CI 95% 60.4-70) in mGPS 2 patients. Five-year CSS was 98% (CI 95% 97-99) in patients with mGPS 0, 90% (CI 95% 87-94) in patients with mGPS 1, and 100% in mGPS 2 patients. Limitations are applicable to a retrospective study., Conclusions: mGPS may have the potential to predict recurrence in HG/G3 T1 NMIBC patients, but more prospective, with large cohorts, studies are needed to study the influence of systemic inflammatory markers in prediction of outcomes in NMIBC for a definitive conclusion.

In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients undergoing curative surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A retrospective analysis was conducted for 914 patients undergoing curative surgical resection for PDAC between January 2011 and April 2016. Inflammation-based scores of modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were assessed. mGPS was classified as high (1 or 2) or low (0). Median age was 63 (range, 33-88) years; 538 patients (58.9%) were male. A high mGPS was independently associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (median OS: 25.4 months vs. 20.4 months, p = 0.001; median DFS: 11.6 months vs. 9.3 months, p = 0.002), poor OS in patients with TNM stage I PDAC (44 months vs. 24.8 months, p = 0.001), and poor OS and DFS in patients with tumors located at the pancreatic head or uncinate process (OS: 25.4 months vs. 20.4 months; p = 0.007, DFS: 11.4 months vs. 8.87 months; p = 0.005). Preoperative mGPS was a significant prognostic factor for PDAC after curative resection; thus, mGPS can be a useful prognostic predictive factor in patients with TNM stage I PDAC, especially for tumors located at the head and uncinate.

There is growing evidence to indicate that inflammatory reactions are involved in cancer progression. The aim of this study is to assess the significance of systemic inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the ratio of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGps) in the diagnosis and prognosis of malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. Data were obtained from a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent pancreatic resection for IPMNs from January 2005 to December 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, considering preoperative inflammatory biomarkers, clinicopathological variables, and imaging features. Eighty-three patients with histologically proven IPMNs of the pancreas were included in the study, 37 cases of low-grade or intermediate dysplasia and 46 cases of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or invasive carcinoma. Univariate analysis showed that obstructive jaundice ( p = 0.02) and a CAR of >0.083 ( p = 0.001) were predictors of malignancy. On multivariate analysis, only the CAR was a statistically significant independent predictor of HGD or invasive carcinoma in pancreatic IPMNs, identifying a subgroup of patients with a poor prognosis. Combining the CAR with patients' imaging findings, clinical features and tumor markers can be useful in the clinical management of IPMNs. Their value should be tested in prospective studies.

The prognostic impact of the combination of the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS) and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of this combination as a predictor of survival in CRC patients. We retrospectively evaluated 769 CRC patients who had undergone surgery between January 2006 and March 2014. The CAR and mGPS within 1 month postoperation were examined. The integrated area under the curve (iAUC) was compared among mGPS, CAR, and the combined classification (CC). The optimal CAR cut-off for discriminating overall survival was 0.14. Based on this cut-off, the mGPS 0 group was divided into the mGPS 0 with low CAR and the mGPS 0 with high CAR groups, whereas all mGPS 1 and 2 patients were classified into the high CAR group. CC was an independent prognostic factor, and its iAUC value (0.587, 95% CI 0.553-0.624) was superior to those of the mGPS (0.544, 95% CI 0.516-0.576) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.043; 95% CI = 0.015-0.072) and CAR (0.578, 95% CI 0.545-0.613) (bootstrap iAUC mean difference = 0.009; 95% CI = 0.002-0.017), respectively. In conclusion, the combination of mGPS and CAR has a synergistic effect and has a higher prognostic accuracy than mGPS or CAR alone in patients with CRC.