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The authors present the results of laser-based 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) application in diagnostics of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases (chronic gastritis, duodenitis, and peptic ulcer). 13C-UBT data distribution before and after eradication therapy, as well as age distribution, were obtained. Correlations between the nosological forms and the rate of contamination were established.

The author presents the results of an examination of 106 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) of various severity, who also had a peptic ulcer relapse. Patients with moderate and severe MI in the majority of cases had solitary duodenal ulcers whereas those with extremely severe MI often had multiple ulcers in the body and the cardial part of the stomach, which were bleeding in 43.5% of cases. The pathogenetic basis of the ulcerogenesis was focal microcirculation disorders in the mucosa of the gastroduodenal zone of thrombohemorragic or thromboischemic type. In patients with moderate or severe MI they appeared against the background of hemostatic disturbances typical of the first stage of thrombohemorragic syndrome (hypercoagulation). In extremely severe MI they corresponded to the second stage i.e. partial consumption coagulopathy. In patients with moderate coronary pathology these changes were promoted by the activation of acid-peptic factor, the depression of mucopolysaccharide production, hypo- and hyperkinetic dyskinesis, and in those with extremely severe coronary pathology --the depression of all gastric function except normal acid production. One of the trigger mechanisms of ulcerogenesis could be changes in the activity of sympathoadrenal and histaminereactive systems, which increased in cases of moderate and severe MI and decreases to a certain extent in cases of extremely severe MI.

4171 cases with exacerbation of peptic ulcer were identified at endoscopic examination of 23,779 patients. Changes in metabolic-trophic processes (MTP) in gastric mucosa (GM) were studied in 210 patients with duodenal ulcer. A complex chronobiological correlation exists between solar activity and progress of peptic ulcer. Cyclic alterations in MTP were detected in GM. Fluctuations were found at all the levels of body functioning--from systemic structures to molecular ones. The data obtained can be used for optimization of preventive measures in ulcer patients.

Examination of 54 patients with duodenal peptic ulcer revealed significant correlations between the psychological traits of the patients and their plasma antioxidative activity in the mild and moderate courses of the disease. There were no correlations in patients with severe duodenal peptic ulcer. A correlation analysis of the correlation between the personality traits and plasma antioxidative activity in patients with peptic ulcer may be used to for its prognosis.

Acid-base balance was studied in 60 ulcer patients in exacerbation and after treatment with losek and blockers of H2-histamine receptors. In exacerbation, all the patients had acidosis of metabolic or respiratory type. Losek changed blood pH insignificantly, and one acidosis type changed for the other. A single ranitidin dose shifted pH to alkalosis in healthy subjects while ulcer patients given famotidine restored acid-base balance. The latter is shown to correlate with gastric secretion of bicarbonates. Acidosis may contribute to exacerbation of ulcer.

Mucosal repair in the stomach and duodenum was assessed clinically and morphologically in various ulcer phases in 475 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer. It was found that poorly scarring ulcers are characterized by severe impairment of regeneration with epithelial proliferation prevailing over its differentiation. Participation of immune system, primarily T-cell component, in regeneration regulation is shown. Helicobacter pylori is not involved in repair. Superoxide dismutase activity in red cells and ulcer edges mucosa is prognostically significant indicating the disease phase, completeness of ulcer process.

Investigation of 67 patients with peptic ulcer revealed a reliable activation of lipid peroxidation processes both in the blood of the patients and in the mucous membrane in the area of the ulcer location immediately. The activation of lipid peroxidation resulted in a decrease in the contents of phospholipids in the biological membranes of the mucosa cells. The alterations revealed occurred in the presence of inhibition of the antioxidant system of the body. The authors proved the efficacy of the use of antioxidant formulations and ultraviolet irradiation of the blood in the treatment of patients which resulted in acceleration of the ulcer cicatrization and the reduction of the inpatient period as well as the improvement of surgical results.

Clinical and experimental studies demonstrated lowering of reduced glutathione, activation of glutathione reductase and peroxidase in peptic ulcer more pronounced in associated chronic hepatitis or non-ulcerative colitis. Clinical manifestations of the disease and biochemical shifts in glutathione system go in parallel. Disturbances of glutathione system seem to be involved in the origin and recurrences of gastroduodenal ulcer. New approaches are needed in therapeutic decisions and means in peptic ulcer especially in its combination with chronic hepatitis and non-ulcerative colitis.

The study of 468 ulcer patients treated by laser irradiation plus choline blocking agents with adjuvant alpha-tocopherol antioxidants (alpha-tocopherol acetate, wild rose and sea-buckthorn oils) provided evidence in favour of the antioxidants addition. Combination of hyperbaric oxygenation (5-6 sessions) or riboxin with choline blocking agents made antioxidants unnecessary. Biochemical findings (vitamin E and malonic dialdehyde concentrations), electron microscopic, ++histo-enzyme and amino acids studies supported the clinical evidence.

The level of cyclic nucleotides in biological material undergoes changes due to endoscopic treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers with the help of helium-neon laser radiation which, in addition to dynamics of the clinical picture and gastroduodenoscopic data, makes it possible to diagnose the disease remission and in certain cases to predict the course of peptic ulcer.