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Digestive endoscopy has met an enormous progress over the last decade, both in terms of diagnosis and treatment of gastro-intestinal diseases. This review article presents the role of confocal endomicroscopy in the management of pancreatic cysts. Moreover, it resumes the most important novel therapeutic endoscopic techniques, some already available in expert centers such as G-POEM or biliary drainage by Axios stent system and spiral enteroscopy, as well as techniques undergoing validation such as the radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic tumors and the bariatric and metabolic endoscopy techniques., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

In 2019, gastric cancer still has high mortality. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IGM) is an intermediate step in the process of carcinogenesis of intestinal adenocarcinoma. Gastroscopy with biopsies can detect the presence of MIG. Characterization in terms of intensity and distribution allows to stratify the risks and to target the population in which surveillance endoscopies are indicated for the purpose of detecting endoscopic resectable neoplasia in endoscopy., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Colorectal polyps are frequent in the general population. The diagnostic is made by endoscopy. Polyp's characteristics determine the technic to be used to remove them. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery offers an alternative to radical surgery for large rectal polyps or rectal tumors with low risk of node invasion. One peace resection is necessary to evaluate the resection margins. Lymphatic invasion, ≥ 1 mm submucosae invasion, tumor budding and poorly differentiated tumor are the four main risk factors for node invasion. In case of high risk of lymph node invasion a radical surgery is recommended. Surveillance must be adapted to the polyp type, their number, size, presence of a carcinomatous component as well as age and clinical status of the patient.

In Europe, oesophageal cancers are diagnosed at an early stage in less than 10% of the cases. They are superficial tumours whose invasion is limited to the mucosae and the submucosa. Synchronous node invasion is the most important prognosis factor. Oesophagectomy is the benchmark treatment. Nowadays, endoscopic resection is a validated curative therapeutic alternative. Accurate endoscopic evaluation using chemical or virtual colouring as well as an echoendoscopy, followed by an expert pathological review, must be conducted beforehand. It can be realised for good prognosis tumours after evaluation of the synchronous node invasion or its risk. After completion, regular endoscopic follow-ups are compulsory to detect local relapse.