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To shed more light on the pathogenesis of sebaceous carcinoma, we analysed the expression of proteins related to angiogenesis in 18 ocular and 22 extraocular sebaceous carcinomas using a broad panel of immunohistochemical markers. To quantify the expression of D2-40, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and -3, we calculated a quantification score by considering the percentage of positive tumour cells (0=0%, 1=up to 1%, 2=2-10%, 3=11-50%, and 4=>50%) in relation to the staining intensity (0=negative, 1=low, 2=medium, and 3=strong). Additionally, lymphatic microvessel density in the D2-40 stained sections was counted. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (quantification score 9.42 ± 2.94) was significantly more strongly expressed than vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (quantification score 2.15 ± 2.42, p < 0.001). Furthermore, epidermal vascular endothelial growth factor expression was negatively correlated with the intratumoural lymphatic vessel density, and the ratio of small lymphatics to large lymphatics was much higher in intratumoural tissue than in paratumoural tissue and in intraindividual control tissue, suggesting a lymphangiogenetic potential of sebaceous carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporadic sebaceous gland hyperplasia (SGH) is a benign skin lesion, with a high prevalence in the general population. Although SGH has been attributed to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors, the underlying genetic changes have not yet been characterized. Recently, HRAS and KRAS mutations have been identified in sebaceous naevus, a hamartoma sharing histological characteristics with SGH. Therefore we screened 43 SGH for activating mutations in RAS genes and other oncogenes. We identified a wide spectrum of mutually exclusive activating HRAS (8/43), KRAS (11/43) and EGFR mutations (7/31) in altogether 60% of the lesions investigated. A RAS and EGFR wildtype status was found in 15 normal sebaceous glands in the head and neck area. Our findings indicate that activating HRAS, KRAS and EGFR mutations play a major role in the pathogenesis of sporadic SGH. These results support the concept that SGH is a true benign neoplasm rather than a reactive hyperplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at a study which determine the demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, treatment strategy and prognosis of sebaceous carcinoma (SC). Topics discussed include SC is a rare neoplasm represents eyelid tumours and malignant epithelial eyelid tumours, SC may occur sporadically or be part of Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), papule can mimic basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, pyogenic granuloma, metastatic tumour or benign adnexal tumour.

A letter to the editor is presented which is concerned with a 45 year old female patient who was diagnosed with Muir-Torre syndrome.

The article presents a case study of a 59-year-old man who was presented with a nodule on the tip of his nose. He was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of the nose with a regional metastasis. The man underwent a right neck dissection of levels I-V and revealed the presence of metastatic cells in lymph nodes. The patient was treated with chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin at a 1-month interval.

The article presents case studies showing the development of a periorbital sebaceous carcinoma (SC) in situ. It tackles the case of an 82-year-old woman with a four-year history of an asymptomatic papule on the left eyebrow and an 82-year-old woman who was suspected with clinical recurrence of a reported nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the right lower lid. The article discusses the clinical presentation and management of SC in situ which include surgical excision.

The article presents a case study of a 91-year-old Japanese man with painless slow-growing, small nodule on his right lower eyelid. Examinations show several findings including the connection of lesions with overlying epidermis, presence of tobular structures and cystic spaces and observation of sebaceous components within the tumor nests. Based on the findings, he was diagnosed with poroma with sebaceous differentiation. Poroma with sebaceous differentiation of the eyelid is also discussed.