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Lyme disease is a spirochetal infection endemic throughout New Jersey. Case reports from 1984 through 1986 suggest different high-risk groups and different disease severity than had been observed in earlier cases in the state. Both sexes now appear equally at risk, while younger age groups, particularly children less than ten years old, appear to be at increased risk. Mild disease is usual, although classic rheumatologic and neurologic complications can occur. Informal surveys suggest Lyme disease is under-reported by a factor of five- to tenfold in New Jersey. Early recognition by physician and patient is necessary for prompt treatment to reduce complications.

Between 1984 and 1987, the number of reported cases of congenital syphilis in New Jersey tripled. Findings indicate an increase in early syphilis among females of childbearing age living in areas of high syphilis morbidity, reflecting, possibly, lifestyle changes within populations already at risk for the disease. Future studies and interventions are needed.