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Copyright of Obstetrică şi Ginecologie is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Human reproduction is a vast field, in continuous research. Reproductive immunology represents the medical area that deals with the interactions between the immune response and the reproductive system and the adaptation of the mother’s body to pregnancy and abortive disease regarding the response to embryonic “stimulus” may influence the new treatments and the understanding of pregnancy in the immune context. Among the problems that can cause infertility, there are the immune dysfunctions of the human reproductive system. Methodology. This presentation is a literature review with interest in information on reproductive immunology. Discussion. Human reproduction has many influencing factors, but adaptive immunological mechanisms are an area to consider given the pathology associated with reproduction. Conclusions. Normal reproductive function is given by the interaction, not the competition of the immune and reproductive systems from the formation of gametes to fertilization, implantation and the balance of the mother-fetus interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Literature analysis of the influence of HPV genital infection on the pregnancy outcome. Methodology. A series of studies and literature data were evaluated regarding the risk of human papillomavirus infection in pregnancy and the implication in premature birth. Results. Six studies were included in the paper. HPV alone or surgical interventions due to HPV infection were analyzed as a risk factor in the outcome of the pregnancy. The results of the studies varied. The three studies that analyzed HPV-related disease of the cervix concluded that HPV is incriminated in poor pregnancy outcome. Three studies of the PPROM and HPV had different results. One study showed that HPV is not involved in pregnancy outcome, while the other two studies offered data, concluding that HPV is involved in premature birth. Conclusions. Research on the HPV involvement in premature birth offer precious data that may lead to new research area in the near future, with valuable results and influence in the pregnancy outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideal screening test for cervical cancer is the one that has the ability to correctly and effectively identify all patients with premalignant changes, while at the same time exclude those without changes. Unfortunately, no test is perfect. Cervicovaginal cytology is the traditional screening method, independently described by Aurel Babeș and George Papanicolaou in 1927 and 1928, respectively. Data from the scientific literature report a relatively low sensitivity for conventional cytology, ranging from 20% to 50%, and a specificity in the identification of HSIL lesions that can reach up to 90%, based on the experience of the examiner. Given the mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis, the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is currently one of the main screening alternatives, especially in the context of the dramatic cost reductions which occurred in the recent years. HPV testing may have a sensitivity of up to 17% higher compared to classical cytology, but the latter is known for a slightly increased specificity compared to HPV testing. Although HPV testing is more effective in identifying high­grade lesions, it generates more indications for colposcopy. However, a negative HPV result is more encouraging than a negative cytological result, because the cytological examination is more likely to be false negative, which would lead to delays in the application of appropriate treatment. Regardless of age group stratification, cytological and HPV co­testing have a much higher sensitivity (>92%) in the identification of premalignant lesions compared to isolated testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]