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Background: Angiogenesis, which is the development of new capillaries from existing blood vessels, occurs in both the developing embryo and postnatal life. The growth of solid tumours requires the development of micro vessels; therefore, tumour expansion correlates with the extent of angiogenesis.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on bone marrow trephine biopsies of 40 new cases of acute leukaemia diagnosed on complete blood count, bone marrow aspiration examination, and flow cytometry, including 20 control cases. Micro sections were stained with immuno-histochemical stains using monoclonal antibodies to CD31, CD34 and vWF. Micro vessel density was analysed at a 400× using automated image analyser by two investigators independently. Data were calculated, tabulated and statistically analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistical program version 18.Results: A total of 1522 micro vessels were analysed using CD31 including 802 in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 512 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 208 in the control group. The bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) in acute myeloid leukaemia using CD31, CD34 and Von Willebrand factor (VWF) was 70.83±20.76, 66.48±18.99 and 60.32±18.75 respectively while MVD in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was 62.74±21.09, 70.58±22.46 and 51.22±21.13 respectively. The study revealed significant difference between AML, ALL and normal bone marrow cases by using CD31, CD34 and vWF antibody. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration in AML, ALL and control group was 163.74±119.03, 168.23±154.22 and 43.45±9.14 respectively.Conclusions: Higher micro vessel density was observed in acute leukaemia. Present findings suggested the potential significance of characteristics of micro vessel density as potential prognostic marker as well as its application in improved selection of patients for anti-angiogenic and other treatments.

Spontaneous haemorrhage and thrombosis should always raise the suspicion of CML as one of the differential as it is associated with qualitative platelet dysfunction. We here report a rare case of CML with spontaneous hematoma at an unusual site. A 26 years male presented with complaints of sudden onset non traumatic spontaneous swelling over the left scapular region and progressively extending up-to the left anterior chest wall which was associated with dull aching moderate intensity pain. Swelling was warm, soft in consistency and tender. He also had hepato-splenomegaly. General blood picture showed marked leucocytosis with myeloid hyperplasia. CT scan thorax reported a large hypodense lesion in the scapular and anterior chest wall region which on diagnostic aspiration revealed blood thereby confirming the diagnosis of spontaneous hematoma with CML. Imatinib therapy was started and hematoma was managed conservatively with antibiotics. The swelling resolved spontaneously without any surgical intervention.

Background: Microbiology, culture and sensitivity and antibiotic policy are ever changing in otolaryngology. So, it requires continuous research and modification.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at our tertiary care center where microbiology and culture and sensitivity data of patients of chronic otitis media and neck abscess were assessed to form antibiotic policy for the concerned patients. The study comprised of 580 patients of chronic otitis media and 139 patients of neck abscess admitted from October 2018 to December 2019.Results: Pseudomonas and E. Coli were the most common microbes isolated with most of cases sensitive to Meropenem and Amikacin respectively.Conclusions: There is a change in microbiological picture and sensitivity to a more resistant type than the previous studies and hence the requirement of modification of antibiotic policy to a more robust one.

Acquired diaphragmatic hernias (ADH) are uncommon following penetrating thoraco-abdominal injuries. This is a case report of ADH with bowel obstruction following an old penetrating abdominal trauma without any signs and symptoms of respiratory distress.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections are public health problems, which significantly increase the risk of HIV transmission. A proper understanding of pattern of STIs in different socio demographical areas is important for proper planning of STI control. Reproductive tract infection is caused by sexually transmitted disease and other routes and they are being recognized as a serious public health problem. RTIs cause suffering to both men and women, but their consequences are far more devastating and widespread among women. To describe socio demographic factors related to reproductive tract infections in females of reproductive age group attending STI clinic at obstetrics and gynecology department, GSVM medical college Kanpur. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at STI clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from 1 January 15-31 December 2016. Data on variables like age, socioeconomic status, habitat, marital status was collected and all symptomatic and asymptomatic women were counselled for examination and investigations and were given syndromic treatment. Results: Out of the 4963 women surveyed, 69% were married, 76% belong to 25-35 age group. Laboratory diagnosed RTI were HIV 1.52%, candidiasis 14.65%, chlamydial infections 27.32%, PID 31.50%, syphilis 0.02%. After syndromic management, prevalence of RTI has significantly reduced Conclusions: Syndromic treatment and health education can definitely reduce STIs and RTIs.

Background: India is one of the countries with highest number of diabetes patients. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus are usually dyslipidemic. The objective of the research was to study the pattern of dyslipidemia and to study the correlation of glycemic control with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was performed on patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus over 6 months period. The study included 200 patients and the variables recorded were demographic profile, FBS, PPBS, HbA1C and lipid profile parameters. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to HbA1C level i.e. Group I (Good glycemic control HbA1C 6-7 gm%), group II (Fair glycemic control HbA1C 7.1-8.2 gm%) and group III (poor glycemic control, HbA1C >8.2 gm%).Results: The data showed that TG level was maximum in group III and was minimum in group I. Comparison between the group shows a significant difference between all the groups (P

Background: Awareness towards Pharmacovigilance among health professionals in any hospital is an important part of health care system. So, the present study was conducted to know the extent of awareness of Pharmacovigilance among health care professionals.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire based study about knowledge, attitude and practices towards adverse drugs reaction (ADRs) and Pharmacovigilance was carried out at Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institue of Medical Sciences, Bareilly (U.P). 153 questionnaires were distributed among the Post graduate students, faculties, interns, nurses and pharmacists. 2-3 days time was given to fill the questionnaire.Results: Out of 153 questionnaires distributed, 99 filled forms were turned up for evaluation. Hence, response rate was 64.70%. 73.33% PGs, 100% faculty members, 53.33% interns, 36% nurses and 18.75% pharmacists were aware of adverse drugs reactions (ADRs) and Pharmacovigilance. Regarding reporting of ADRs, 86.66% PGs, 91.66% faculties, 73.33% interns, 88% nurses and 81.25% pharmacists were agreed to report ADR as it is mandatory and related to increased patients’ safety. Regarding discouraging factors for practice of reporting ADRs, 20% PGs, 16.66% faculties, 80% interns, 40% nurses and 68.75% pharmacists found ADR forms difficult to be filled. According to 66% faculties, 80% PGs, 66.66% interns managing patients are more important than reporting ADRs while 93.75% nurses and 76% pharmacists did not know how to report and where to report.Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that the acceptable number of health-care professionals had a good knowledge and attitude towards pharmacovigilance. There was a huge gap between the ADR experienced, and ADR reported by the health-care professionals. So, there is need of conductance of CMEs, workshops and seminars related to pharmacovigilance for all heaith care professionals especially nurses and pharmacists so, that whole community can be benefitted.