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Background: COVID-19 disease is highly contagious and transmission rates are very high. In any biological disaster like this, fear, uncertainty, and stigmatization are common. Even after discharge, they may suffer from varying degrees of long-term mental health problems mainly due to isolation. Physiotherapists play an important role in the rehabilitative phase of these. Therefore, the need of this study is to understand the psychological impact caused because of the COVID-19 disease and take this into consideration while treating the patients so that the rehabilitation protocol is effective maximally.Methods: Permission was taken from the ethical committee before beginning the research. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected as per voluntary enrolment. A validated self-made questionnaire was forwarded and response was obtained from 167 subjects. Descriptive data analysis was done.Results: After suffering from COVID-19 disease, out of the 167 participants that were a part of this study 35.3% had sleeping disturbances, 29.3% had a poor appetite, 34.7% feel gloomy and hopeless for no reason, 45.5% have trouble relaxing, 43.1% can’t stop worrying, 53.3% experience negative thoughts, 57.5% report decreased job efficiency, 37.1% feel afraid that something awful might happen, 32.9% feel anxious for no reason, and 26.9% complain of reduced concentration. The mean age of population of this study was 30 with a standard deviation of 12.27.Conclusions: The study suggested the presence of psychological distress among the COVID-19 survivors. Post-illness stress and depression are highly prevalent among COVID-19 survivors.

Labial fusion is defined as either partial or complete adherence of the labia minora. It is also known as vulvar fusion, labial adhesion, labial agglutination or synechia of the vulva. This condition is common in pre-pubertal girls when estrogen levels are low and commonly resolves spontaneously post-puberty. This condition is usually asymptomatic and can be treated with topical application of estrogen or betamethasone cream or by manual or surgical separation of adhesions. We present a case of labial fusion in post pubertal girl which was managed surgically.

Background: Atomoxetine has been widely used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents and adults. Several studies have confirmed its efficacy as assessed by parent and teacher ratings with respect to school performance and social and family functioning. Loss of appetite and weight has been its well documented side effect. In this study, we tried to assess the frequency and severity of the side effect of loss of appetite and weight loss in children diagnosed with ADHD and treated with atomoxetine. Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Children diagnosed as having ADHD were started on the minimum effective dose of Atomoxetine (0.5–1mg/kg body weight). The weight and calorie consumed by the patient per day were recorded before starting the medication. The doses were titrated over the next one month at the end of which parents were asked about any apparent change in appetite of patients. Weight and the caloric intake were noted and comparisons made with the previous record. Results: 49 patients completed the study. 21 (42.9%) patients had a decrease in weight. However, ‘clinically significant weight loss’ (>5% body weight) was seen in 3 (6.1%) patients only. 17 patients (34.7%) reported a decrease in their daily calorie intake. 15 (30.6%) parents reported appetite loss, out of which 9 (18.4%) parents reported a ‘major decrease’ in the appetite of their children, warranting a change of dose/dosing schedule. Conclusions: Though a significant number of patients and their parents reported loss of appetite and weight, more frequently in females, clinically significant weight loss was seen only in a minority (6.1%) of patients. Nevertheless, a regular weight monitoring is a must in daily clinical practice when maintaining a patient on atomoxetine.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a hidden and under-reported problem in psychiatry. CSA has been studied in various epidemiological data based studies and has been found to be a significant risk factor for the development of psychiatric illness in later life. Depression, suicide and suicidal attempts as well as self-injurious behaviour have all been reported to be significantly greater in patients than have been exposed to CSA versus those who have not been exposed to the same. There are studies that demonstrate higher rates of substance abuse, body image disturbances, eating disorders and cluster B personality traits in patients that have been exposed to CSA. The paper looks at the available data on lifetime occurrence of psychiatric disorders in patients that have been exposed to CSA. The various mechanisms by which CSA exposure can lead to psychiatric disorders in adulthood are discussed and the need for identification, assessment and clinically evaluating the presence of CSA in patients in routine clinical practice is highlighted.

Background: Physical activity has been determined as primary prevention strategy against 35 chronic conditions. Lack of physical activity, improper diet and increase in the use of computer has various health hazards. Considering that the bachelor of computer science students will mostly have sedentary work profile, once they enter the professional world, the objective of the present study was to assess their physical activity level using global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) version 2.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 355 participants, 244 males and 111 females, from an institution catering bachelors of computer science course using GPAQ questionnaire. The data was analyzed to see if they meet the criteria set by World Health organization (WHO) and were classified into categories on basis of MET minute/week. The average time spent in sitting position was also calculated.Results: At work, 19.15% study participants were moderately active; in travel domain 64.5% were active, in leisure domain 43.94% were vigorously while 41.4% were moderately active. 73.23% of study participants met the WHO set criteria. 26.76% participants were inactive, 62.53% low active, 10.14% moderate active while only 0.81% was highly active. Average time spent in sitting was around 9 hours.Conclusions: Even though 73.23% of study participants met the criteria, most of the participants had low level of physical activity, thus there is huge scope for improvement in it. They also need to be educated regarding the risks of sedentary behaviour which will further help to reduce the hazards related to physical inactivity.

Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder of sleep characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and has been reported following the removal of a craniopharyngioma due to a host of neurological and endocrinological causative factors. We present here a case of a child that developed secondary narcolepsy following resection of a craniopharyngioma.

Background: The objective of this study was to wether perineal tear predicted by scoring of severity of striae gravidarum. The objective of this study was to predict perineal tear by simple non-invasive method and help to prevent maternal morbidity.Methods: Three hundred ninety four patients delivered normally were included in this study. Striae gravidarum score was assessed using the Atwal numerical scoring system. The association was examined between striae and perineal tear as the outcome measure, defined by tears or laceration, and the total striae scores (TSS) was obtained.Results: In present study population mean age was 25.16 years ranging from 16-40 , mean gravidity was 2.16 ranging from 1 -8 ,average baby birth weight was 2.713 kg ranging from 1.62-4.58 The only predictors of perineal tears that were found to be statistically significant in our study were severity of striae gravidarum and episiotomy given or not. In patients with moderate to severe striae there was tear in 90 patients as compared to 29 patients with no or mild striae. 224 patients belonging to no or mild striae group delivered without any perineal tear whereas 51 patients in moderate to severe striae group delivered without tear. Out of these 51 patients 5 were given episiotomy. 2 patients who were given episiotomy had perineal tear as compared to 117 patients who were not given episiotomy. This shows that patients who had an episiotomy were less likely to have perineal tear in most cases.Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant relation between severity of striae gravidarum and perineal tear. The findings suggest that striae gravidarum assessment may be used in the clinical setting even by paramedical staff as a simple and noninvasive tool to better define women at risk for perineal tear.

Background: Magnesium may be physiologically important in blood pressure regulation whereas changes in magnesium levels could contribute to the patho-etiology of hypertension. The objective of the present study was to study the level and effect of magnesium in eclamptic pregnant women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 clinically diagnosed women with eclampsia in their third trimester of pregnancy. Inclusion criteria for the study was; females with singleton pregnancy, all in the third trimester which were diagnosed to have PIH based on the development of hypertension for the first time, proteinuria with or without edema, with no history of previous urinary tract troubles and no evidence of UTI. The concentration of total serum magnesium was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results: Mean age, mean gestational age, mean total hospital stays, mean BMI, mean systolic BP and diastolic BP was 24.3 years with 5.1 SD, 36.4 week with 3.3 SD, 7.8 days with 2.4 SD, 28.9 wt/ht2 with 4.8 SD, 146.5 mmHg with 14.7 SD and 95.9 mmHg with 11.2 SD respectively. Mean magnesium level was 1.9 mmol/L with 2.2 SD.Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia is present in eclamptic pregnant women. In developing countries like India, sufficient dietary supplementation should be given above the recommended dietary allowances in pregnancy at least in susceptible pregnant women.