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A 65-year-old man developed capsular block syndrome in the early postoperative period, following phacoemulsification surgery. After neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser anterior capsulotomy, the intraocular pressure remained elevated for 4 days despite antiglaucomatous medication. On the postoperative fifth day, nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a case with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy associated with early postoperative capsular block syndrome after phacoemulsification surgery.

We are reporting an interesting case of ichthyosis follicularis with alopecia and photophobia syndrome in a daughter and father from the Indian subcontinent associated with Meibomian gland dysfunction. A three-year-old female child presented with pain, redness and severe photophobia in both eyes since one month. Cutaneous examination revealed ichthyosis, absence of hair all over the body including eyebrows, scalp and angular cheilosis. Ocular examination revealed bilateral severe meibomianitis, multiple superficial punctate keratitides in right eye and corneal epithelial defect in the left eye. Other systemic features were prominent high forehead and large ears. Her father had similar symptoms. Her symptoms improved after adequate treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. She is asymptomatic at present.

Orbital complications due to ethmoiditis are rare in neonates. A case of orbital abscess due to acute ethmoiditis in a 28-day-old girl is presented. A Successful outcome was achieved following antimicrobial therapy alone; spontaneous drainage of the abscess occurred from the lower lid without the need for surgery. From this case report, we intend to emphasize on eyelid retraction as a sign of neonatal orbital abscess, and to review all the available literature of similar cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of strabismus surgery for congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) in relation to correction of head tilt and hypertropia. The cohort of patients mainly involved very young children. This is the first study to use a standardized instrument to objectively measure torticollis before and after surgery. Materials and Methods: A non-comparative interventional case series of 13 cases of congenital superior oblique palsy with head tilt, who underwent simultaneous superior oblique tuck and inferior oblique recession between Jan 2000 and Dec 2008, were studied. Results: The mean duration of SOP until surgery was 36.8 months. Of the 12 unilateral cases, 8 were right-sided. Mean follow-up period was 17 months (range 7-36). The outcome was determined at the last follow-up. Mean pre-and post-operative hypertropia (p.d.) in forced primary position was 19 ± 7 and 2 ± 6, respectively ( P < 0.0001). The head tilt reduced from mean of 17 ± 9 to 2 ± 2 degrees ( P < 0.0001). Success, defined as hypertropia

Background: We evaluated the role of hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in Indian patients. Type of Study: Matched case control type of longitudinal study was conducted in 2006-2007. Materials and Methods: Two medical retina specialists examined the eyes having an event of RVO in the last 15 days. A similar number of eyes without RVO were also examined. The serum and urine homocysteine levels of these persons were tested. Matched pair analysis was carried out to determine the risk of RVO among those with hyperhomocysteinemia. Results: We included 20 cases of RVO and 20 age- and sex-matched persons without RVO. The risk of RVO was significantly higher in persons with hyperhomocysteinemia [difference of mean 31.62 μmol/L (95% Confidence Interval 16.60-47 . 86), P = 2.1 × 10−13 ]. The mean urine homocysteine level among cases and controls was not statistically significant. There were 12 persons with hypertension in both cases and control groups. Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for RVO. Any list of investigations for a case of RVO should include total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels.

Purpose: To determine the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation in preventing posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single-surgeon standardized-surgical-procedure fellow-eye comparison trial, 34 patients with high myopia had phacoemulsification surgery. Although one eye received an acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) and CTR, other eye received only an IOL as control. PCO, within the capsulorhexis overlap, was documented by standardized digital retroillumination images at least 2 years post-operatively, and the percentage area of PCO was scored (scale 0%-100%) using the POCOman software system. The PCO score and the incidence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) capsulotomy of groups, and correlations between PCO score and presence of CTR, age, phaco time, refraction, and axial length (AL) were determined. Results: The mean time interval from surgery to PCO measurement was 43.4 ± 11.2 months for the eyes with a CTR and 43.1 ± 11.6 months for the controls (P = 0.91). The PCO score of the eyes with a CTR was significantly lower than in the controls (5.9 ± 4.3 vs. 22.3 ± 12.2, respectively; P < 0.001). There were statistically insignificant correlations between PCO score and pre-operative refraction (r = 0.02; P = 0.90), AL (r = 0.03; P = 0.80), phaco time (r = 0.11; P = 0.53), and patient′s age (r = 0.23; P = 0.55). No patient with a CTR had a Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, but it was six in controls (P = 0.025). Conclusions: CTR implantation seems to be effective in reducing the PCO and Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy rates in high myopic eyes.

While invasive aspergillosis occurs typically in severely immunocompromised patients, cases of surgical site infections have been reported in immunocompetent individuals. The purpose is to report an eye with post-operative Aspergillus endophthalmitis, which achieved a good visual outcome following early and aggressive treatment. A young patient, known case of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis presented to us with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis. He was treated with pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal voriconazole and systemic itraconazole. The patient regained a vision of 20/30 with follow up of 2 years.