Search

Introduction In the study; interrelation in between the distal part of deep layer of temporal fascia, temporalis muscle and the muscle fibers of deep layer of masseter were examined in order to detect the possible different relationships in between them. Methods Interrelation in between the distal part of temporal fascia, temporalis muscle and the muscle fibers of deep layer of masseter were examined in six fresh frozen and four embalmed head-neck specimens bilaterally. Three of the specimens were female and seven of them were male. Their ages varied between 76 to 83 years. In all of the 20 dissections; the zygomatic arch was removed and the interrelation in between these anatomical structures were demonstrated. Results In the gross anatomic examination, three different types of interrelation was found. In the first type, there was no continuity or connection in between the temporalis muscle and the muscle fibers of deep layer of masseter. In all of them; masseter formed the superficial relation of temporalis muscle. In the second type; the deep layer of masseter was connected to the temporalis muscle’s distal fibers and all these fibers coursed as a single muscle. Both muscles’ fibres were inserted into the coronoid process. This type was present both unilaterally and bilaterally. In the third type, the temporal fascia was inserted to the coronoid process, together with the temporalis muscle. Discussion Awareness of the surgeons about the high ratio of these types of interrelations will affect the success of the surgery.

Introduction Anatomical terminology forms the basis of communication in all health sciences. The terminology has been changing continuously since the 19th century, in accordance with the scientific innovations and clinical requirements. Methods In this study, the changes in anatomical terminology observed over the past 25 years were examined. The changes in anatomical terminology in Nomina Anatomica (1989), the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology list (1996) and Terminologia Anatomica (1998) were assessed. Results Comparisons revealed that 129 terms were removed from the terminology and 1359 terms were added from Nomina Anatomica to Terminologia Anatomica. Furthermore, 196 of these terms were added from the FCAT list. In addition, grammatical changes were made in 563 terms over the past 25 years. Discussion Many terms were added or replaced in accordance with scientific innovations and clinical needs. As a result of these innovations, we can conclude that the anatomical terminology is growing larger day by day; these recently added terms are bringing a new scientific approach to anatomy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the electron microscopic findings of the lens epithelial cells (LECs) in patients with Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) who suffered from cataracts and to compare those with age-matched controls. Methods: This study was a prospective, comparative case series. The anterior lens capsules (ALC: basement membrane and associated LECs) were taken from 12 eyes of 12 cases of FUS and ten eyes of ten control patients. The ALCs were obtained from cataract surgery and prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results: There were no statistically significant differences regarding the age or gender between the FUS group and the control group (P > 0.05). In the TEM examinations of the ALCs, all of the FUS cases revealed similar significant ultrastructural changes when compared to the control patients. In the FUS group, the LECs showed homogeneous thickening and irregularity which included some small vacuoles in different areas of the epithelial tissue. Moreover, in some areas of the LECs, widespread, oval-shaped, pigment clusters were detected. Conversely, in the control group, the LECs and all of their elements were in normal ultrastructural patterns, with the exception of some small intraepithelial vacuoles which were fewer and smaller than those in the FUS group. Conclusion: Ultrastructural analysis of the ALC of the patients with FUS disclosed some significant alterations which may be related to the summation of oxidative stress, intraocular inflammation, and iris atrophy.

Anatomical localization of the ureter comes along psoas major muscle and crosses over common iliac artery bifurcation. Common iliac artery aneurysm and impacted atherosclerosis are a rare condition that should be differed from the impacted ureter stone to avoid from undesirable complication. In this case, we present a very unusual anatomical variation and complication of common iliac artery and ureter in retroperitonoscopic ureterolithotomy.