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Aberrations in the deep wrist flexors are frequently documented. These varied muscles might account for anterior interosseous nerve compression syndrome. The present study describes a case with three variations in the deep flexor of wrist comprising two separate small muscle bellies with their tendons and a higher level cleavage of the lateral tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle. Such a triple anomaly is a rare occurrence that has to be borne in mind by hand surgeons in case of nerve entrapment syndromes.

Introduction: The application of light and continuous forces for optimum physiological response and the least damage to the tooth supporting structures should be the primary aim of an orthodontist. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys with their desirable properties are one of the natural choices of the clinicians. Aim: This study was aimed to compare and rank them based on its tensile strength and electrical resistivity. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of eight groups of 0.017 inch × 0.025 inch rectangular archwires from eight different manufacturers, and five samples from each group for tensile testing and nine samples for electrical resistivity tests were used. Data for stress at 10% strain and the initial slope were statistically analyzed with an analysis of variance and Scheffe tests with P < 0.05. The stress/strain plots of each product were ranked for superelastic behavior. The rankings of the wires tested were based primarily on the unloading curve's slope which is indicative of the magnitude of the deactivation force and secondarily on the length of the horizontal segment which is indicative of continuous forces during deactivation. For calculating the electric resistivity, the change in resistance after inducing strain in the wires was taken into account for the calculation of degree of martensite transformation and for ranking. Results: In tensile testing Ortho Organizers wires ranked first and GAC Lowland NiTi wires ranked last. For resistivity tests Ormco A wires were found superior and Morelli remained last. Conclusion: these rankings should be correlated clinically and need further studies.

Introduction : Diabetes mellitus, the life-threatening endocrine disorder, affects 170 million people worldwide every year. Statistical projections about India suggest that 57 million Indians will be affected by diabetes mellitus by the year 2025, making the country with highest number of diabetics in the world. Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals is commonly used to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of medicinal plants and their constituents. The present study has investigated the antidiabetic efficacy of ethanolic extract of Coscinium fenestratum stem and Catharanthus roseus leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced in overnight fasted (>8 hours) Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg bw) solution in physiological saline. The mechanistic pathway for the antidiabetic potential of these plants was evaluated by analyzing the status of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glycosylated hemoglobin, activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and glycogen content. The antidiabetic effect of these plant products was also compared with the standard reference drug, glibenclamide. Results: The study revealed that the ethanolic extract of C. fenestratum stem and C. roseus leaves have potent antidiabetic efficacy in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic efficacy was also much comparable with that of glibenclamide. Conclusions: The present study concludes that the ethanolic extract of C. fenestratum stem and C. roseus leaves have potent antihyperglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. C. fenestratum and C. roseus could therefore be used as an alternative remedy for diabetes mellitus and its complications.

A 13-year-old boy presented with a healing ulcer over the vertex, a healed ulcer above the right eye [Figure 1A], occasional fever, weight loss, diplopia, bilateral proptosis, lagophthalmos and bilateral mild facial palsy. In hospital, he developed left -sided focal seizures and symptoms and signs of raised intracranial pressure. The skull radiograph showed a thickened frontal vault, suggestive of chronic osteomyelitis [Figure 1B]. CT brain conÞ rmed thickening of the skull vault over the right frontal region and revealed an epidural mass in the prefrontal region that was predominantly on the right side but crossed the midline and caused a mass eff ect, with midline shift to the left . Also present was massive white-matt er edema, with eff acement of the ipsilateral ventricle and enlargement of the contralateral one [Figure 1C]. A biopsy from the scalp lesion demonstrated granulation tissue, hematoxyphilic colonies, and gram positive Þ lamentous rods, features that were diagnostic of actinomycosis [Figure 1D]. The boy recovered well withintravenous administration of crystalline penicillin and co-trimoxazole along with oral erythromycin for six weeks, followed by oral co-trimoxazole and erythromycin for six moths. The epidural mass and skull thickening, however, persisted. Clinical features of chronic epidural lesions of the skull and spine can be subtle and treacherous. Signs, rather than the symptoms, of raised intracranial pressure oft en dominate. Spinal lesions may present earlier. Epidural mass lesions can be due to a variety of causes; these include (1) hematoma due to trauma, bleeding diathesis or venous sinus thrombosis; (2) malignant deposits from lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma or chloroma; (3) chronic noninfectious granuloma due to sarcoidosis, eosinophilic granuloma, cholesteatoma, hypertrophic pachymeningitis, Wegener granulomatosis or cranial fascitis; (4) chronic infectious lesions, e.g., aspergillosis or tuberculosis (5); primary neoplasms like chondromas