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Spindle Cell Haemangioma (SCH) is a benign vascular lesion, which commonly affects the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of distal extremities. The occurrence of SCH in the head and neck region and more so in the orbit is very few and rare. SCH should be considered as one of the differential diagnosis in vascular tumors of the orbit. We are reporting a case of solitary SCH in the orbit which was mimicking orbital cavernous venous malformation (orbital venous haemangioma).

Angiosarcoma accounts for

Vascular anomalies comprise a widely heterogeneous group of tumors and malformations. The tendency of radiologists and pathologists to report the intramuscular vascular anomalies as hemangiomas may mislead the treating surgeon which affects the diagnosis and management plan. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification has helped clear the confusion created by interchangeable terminology like hemangioma for such lesions. The vascular tumors may involute with time and deserve a conservative trial, whereas the symptomatic vascular malformations will eventually need surgical intervention. Mass lesions with normal skin without any discoloration, venous engorgement, or inflammatory signs can be easily passed for a lipoma. The high index of suspicion and availability of ultrasound and color Doppler help in the early detection of vascular anomalies. In the case presented herein, the vascular malformation symptomatic for about two decades was excised successfully with a plane of dissection through surrounding normal triceps muscle. This case highlights that the correct classification of vascular anomalies cannot be overemphasized because it guides the management plan according to the type of lesion and helps in setting up a genuine database for scientific research.

Most of the vascular tumors in the maxillofacial region are hemangiomas. Hemangiomas are basically benign lesions of a vascular origin. This article describes a series of five cases on hemangioma recorded on the lip, buccal mucosa, and zygoma. Here, we present four variants of hemangioma, namely cavernous hemangioma, capillary hemangioma, lobular capillary hemangioma, and intraosseous hemangioma, which were reported to our Maxillofacial Unit.

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders with abnormal vascular development. Vascular anomalies are classified into vascular tumors and malformations. Vascular malformations are resulted from abnormal vessel development and morphogenesis. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the head and neck accounts to 0.1%, which is persistent, progressive in nature and might represent a lethal benign disease. Here, we present a case report of a 32-year-old female with AVM involving the left side of the face.

Purpose/Background: The scalp is the part of the body, which frequently presents with a wide variety of lesions, which may range from congenital, inflammatory, post traumatic, and neoplastic. Swellings and cysts are common occurrences. Both benign and malignant tumors are located in the scalp and correct diagnosis is needed for appropriate management. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, where we reviewed surgically excised swellings in the scalp, over a duration of 6 years. The data were obtained from the records in pathology department, in a tertiary care hospital in South India and clinical inputs were obtained from the hospital records. These were categorized primarily into benign and malignant lesions. The benign lesions were further classified as cystic lesions, vascular lesions, epidermal proliferations, and skin adnexal tumors. The malignant lesions were sub categorized as primary or secondary (metastatic). Results: One hundred cases of histopathologically proven diverse cases of scalp swellings were included. Majority of them were benign, accounting for 77% with rest of them being malignant (23%). Among these 100 cases, 99 cases primarily originated in the scalp and only one case was a secondary tumor. Pilar cysts accounted for about 18 cases, of which 6 cases showed calcification. Vascular tumors and skin adnexal tumors played a major role. The most common malignant tumor was squamous cell carcinoma. Excision with clear margins was the mode of treatment for majority of the cases, with follow-up oncologist referral, when required. Conclusions: Recognition of the correct diagnosis aids in appropriate management of the patient, allaying the fears and concerns of the patient.

In this series, we discuss the role of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in assessing response to treatment in intraocular vascular tumors. This is a series of two cases: Multiple retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) treated with laser photocoagulation and diffuse choroidal hemangioma (DCH) with radiotherapy. In large RCH and DCH, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed significant reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid. But post-treatment mean tumor vascular density (MTVD) was slightly reduced. In one small RCH, vascular loop was seen suggesting minimal residual disease. So, OCTA helps in identifying treatment inadequacy and understanding alternate mechanism involved in treatment response in vascular tumors.

Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is a severe thrombocytopenic coagulopathy which usually occurs in the presence of enlarging vascular tumors such as kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and tufted angioma. The treatment for this potentially fatal condition is challenging without a consensus on appropriate management. The authors report two cases of KHE with KMP, wherein improvement in size of tumor and coagulopathy occurred after treatment with prednisolone, vincristine, and aspirin.

Background: Vascular tumors range from benign hemangiomas to lesions that are locally aggressive but infrequently metastasize, to relatively rare, highly malignant angiosarcoma. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency and histologic pattern of these tumors in this locality and discover if any, differences in frequency and histopathological pattern from other centers. Materials and Methods: This was a 10-year retrospective study of all cases of vascular tumors diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, in a Teaching Hospital. Results: A total of 305 cases of vascular tumors representing 16% of soft tissue tumors were analyzed. The benign cases constituted 68% and the remaining were malignant. Lobular capillary hemangioma (40%) was the predominant benign histologic subtype recorded while Kaposi sarcoma constitute the most frequent malignant entity (21.6%). Head and neck was the most common site of affectation. Conclusion: Hemangiomas and Kaposi sarcoma was the most common benign and malignant vascular tumors recorded in this locality, respectively.

Objectives The main objective of this prospective study was to clarify the therapeutic efficacy and tolerance of duplex-guided polidocanol foam injection in the treatment of low-flow venous malformations (LFVM), residual symptomatic hemangiomas after medical treatment, and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) performed at Vascular Surgery Department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Patients and methods This prospective study included 36 patients divided into three groups: 17 cases with LFVM, 11 cases with vascular tumors (hemangiomas), and eight cases with KTS. All cases were treated by duplex-guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy. Results The study included 20 (56%) males. The mean age of the patients was 15.19 years. The final outcome was good response regarding the decrease in size and symptoms in 13 cases of LFVM, six cases of hemangiomas, and six cases of KTS. The remaining four cases of LFVM, five cases of hemangiomas, and two cases of KTS had fair or poor results after sclerotherapy (unfavorable outcome), for which surgical excision was done. There was no statistically significant difference among the three different types of patients regarding outcome or occurrence of complications. Conclusion Duplex-guided polidocanol foam sclerotherapy is easy to perform and is a safe procedure that provides excellent outcome for venous malformations and good outcome for infantile hemangiomas and KTS.

Vascular anomalies are mainly classified under two headings, i.e. under vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Hemangioma and lymphangioma are examples for such a vascular anomalies. Malformations may be seen in different combinations of vascular elements, and histologically these vessels may be filled with blood and named lymphangiohemangioma or hemangiolymphangioma according to the dominant tissue structure present. It is a rare developmental anomaly. This paper reports a case of lymphangiohemangioma in a 21-year-old female patient.

Acquired capillary hemangioma of the eyelid is very uncommon in adults. To our knowledge, only eight such cases have been reported in the literature till date. We report the case of a 25-year-old female with acquired capillary hemangioma of the left lower eyelid treated by cutting diathermy followed by reconstruction of the cutaneous and cartilaginous defect. This patient had a history of a similar lesion in the left malar region treated 5 years back. This case is being presented to highlight the occurrence of such lesions in an adult and to discuss the dilemmas in the diagnosis and management.

Infantile hemangiomas are a group of vascular tumors and are considered to be one of the most common tumors in infancy. Ambiguity still prevails over its origin, etiopathogenesis, and optimal management.

Introduction: Skin diseases are a major health problem in pediatric age group. Skin biopsy and histopathological examination are required in clinically challenging situation to clinch the correct diagnosis. Aims and Objectives: To recognize clinical and histopathological relevance in different pediatric dermatoses and to compare the results. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 skin biopsies were taken over a period of 3 years between August 1, 2012, and July 31, 2015, at our tertiary care hospital and were analyzed by histopathological study. Results: A total of 85 pediatric patients were included in this study. Of these, female were 48 (56.47%). Main diseases diagnosed during the study were bacterial diseases – 20 (23.52%), noninfectious papulosquamous lesions – 13 (15.29%); nevi, vascular tumors and malformations, and viral diseases were 6 (7.05%) each. Conclusion: The histopathologic diagnosis inturn is used as an adjuvant to clinical diagnoses to aid in the management of patients.

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a rare vascular tumor of mesenchymal origin accounting for less than 1% of all vascular tumors. Usually HPC is low grade tumor but also presents as high grade with distant metastasis. Here we report a rare case of HPC of colon in young adult female.

Penile epithelioid hemangioma is a very rare benign vascular neoplasm of unclear etiology. To the best of our knowledge, only 28 cases in the literature have been reported to date. We report a case of epithelioid hemangioma of the penis in a 41-year-old man with a painful penile mass. The presented case exemplifies the importance of establishing a correct diagnosis through appropriate histologic analysis, as epithelioid hemangiomas are often misdiagnosed as two highly malignant tumors, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and epithelioid angiosarcoma. Establishing benignancy is crucial in order to avoid inappropriate and overly aggressive treatment.

Intra-muscular hemangiomas (IMH) are relatively uncommon benign vascular tumors, which account for less than 1% of all hemangiomas. IMH may be presented as a perceived sporting injury. Diagnosis of this lesion is important not only because of its rarity, but also due to dangers posed by misdiagnosis and mismanagement. They must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained pain and swelling in muscles. IMH occurring in the oral cavity is reviewed below.

Despite the fact that a biological classification of congenital vascular tumors and malformations was first published in 1982 by Mulliken and Glowacki, significant confusion still prevails due to the indiscriminate and interchangeable use of the terms hemangioma and vascular malformation. Hemangiomas are true neoplasms of endothelial cells and should be differentiated from vascular malformations which are localized defects of vascular morphogenesis. On an analysis of various scientific articles and latest edition of medical text books an inappropriate use of various terms for vascular lesions was found, contributing further towards the confusion. The widely accepted International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification differentiates lesions with proliferative endothelium from lesions with structural anomalies and has been very helpful in standardizing the terminologies. In addition to overcoming obstacles in communication when describing a vascular lesion, it is important that we adhere to the correct terminology, as the therapeutic guidelines, management and follow-up of these lesions differ.

Pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular tumor of unknown etiology, though multiple factors play a role in its onset, e.g., trauma, chronic irritation, drugs etc., It is commonly seen in children and adolescents. Giant pyogenic granuloma is its atypical variant. We are presenting two cases of giant pyogenic granuloma, one, in a 28-year-old adult, presenting as a giant fluffy swelling of scalp and the other in a 11-year-old child, presenting as a giant ulcerated globular swelling of the scalp.

Arteriovenous hemangiomas are benign vascular lesions. A network of arterial and venous structures is characteristic of these cutaneous vascular tumors. Vascular lesions are commonly found in the head and neck region. These lesions may involve the ear, usually extending from external ear canal to involve the tympanic membrane. Lesions limited to the external ear canal without involvement of tympanic membrane are very few and those reported may be counted on fingers. However there is no documented cases of lesions involving and limited only to the concha of the external ear in the English literature. Here we report the first such case of arteriovenous hemangioma involving and limited to the concha of external ear.

The authors report a case of unicystic ameloblastoma with intraluminal plexiform hemangiomatous proliferation in the right mandible of an 18-year-old Indian male who suffered from painful swelling for 2 months. A radiograph showed a well-circumscribed multilocular radiolucent lesion associated with the angle and ramus of the mandible. Microscopic examination revealed the cystic lesion lined with ameloblastic epithelium with intraluminal plexiform hemangioameloblastomatous proliferation. The possible pathogenic mechanism for hemangiomatous appearance of this case reflects the previous history of extraction. The prognosis is perhaps the same as expected for conventional unicystic ameloblastoma.

Primary malignant vascular tumors of the bone are exceedingly rare and represent

Aneurysmal benign fibrous histiocytoma is a rare variant of benign fibrous histiocytoma. Clinically it has varied appearances and mimic benign and malignant vascular tumors and malignant melanoma resulting in diagnostic difficulties. Histopathological examination is mandatory for diagnosis.