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This article reports the current evidence and expert opinions on the diagnosis and management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in Taiwan. The main problems of NLUTD are failure to store, failure to empty, and a combination of these two. Priorities in the management of NLUTD, in order of importance, should be the following: (1) preservation of renal function; (2) freedom from urinary tract infection; (3) efficient bladder emptying; (4) freedom from indwelling catheters; (5) patient agreement with the management modality; and (6) avoidance of medication after proper management. Management of the urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis must be based on urodynamic findings rather than on inferences from the neurological evaluation. Identification of high-risk patients is important to prevent renal functional impairment in those with chronic NLUTD. The lower urinary tract function of patients with NLUTD should be regularly followed up by urodynamic study, and any urological complication should be treated adequately. Avoiding a chronic indwelling catheter can reduce the incidence of developing a low compliant bladder. Intravesical instillation of vanilloids and injecting botulinum toxin-A are alternative treatments for refractory detrusor overactivity or a low compliant bladder, and can replace the need for bladder augmentation. When surgical intervention is necessary, less invasive types of surgery and reversible procedures should be considered first, and any unnecessary surgery in the lower urinary tract should be avoided. Keeping the bladder and urethra in good condition without the interference of neuromuscular continuity provides patients with NLUTD the opportunity to use new technologies in the future. Improving the quality of life in patients with neurogenic voiding dysfunction is the most important aspect of treatment.

Context: Urological complications are inevitable in renal transplantation; however, their occurrence and brunt on graft survival can be downsized. The aim of our study was to analyze and review the literature on various urological complications and their management in renal transplant patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all cases of urological complications in renal transplantation managed at our institution from January 2010 to March 2017. Results: Urological complications arose in 29 renal transplant patients amidst the study period with median identification time of 24 days (range 0–1500 days). Ten (34.5%) patients developed complications pertaining to ureteric handling and reimplantation followed by significant lymphocele in 9 (31%) patients. Four (13.8%) cases succumbed to vascular anastomosis-related complications. Out of 29 patients, 45% of these complications manifested within a month posttransplant. Complications were tackled individually. Sixteen (55%) cases were treated with either endoscopic or minimally invasive methods, whereas 13 (45%) cases required open surgery. Two grafts were lost as a consequence of vascular complications and a fatality which was directly or indirectly linked with urological complication. Remaining all treated patients improved on follow-up. Conclusion: Comprehensive preoperative recipient evaluation, meticulous organ procurement, and integrated multidisciplinary teamwork are helpful in achieving optimal outcome of transplant. Endourological and minimally invasive procedures are emerging as main modality in the management of these complications; however, many cases still requires contemporary surgical management.