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1. Writing the title and abstract for a research paper: Being concise, precise, and meticulous is the key

Author

Milind S Tullu

Subjects
conclusions, Abbreviations, Review Article, Medical writing, Original research, methods, author, lcsh:RD78.3-87.3, Medicine, medical writing, Research article, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), database, Simple (philosophy), manuscript, research, Information retrieval, message, business.industry, paper, summary, Search engine indexing, article, aims, indexing, keywords, results, Full paper, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, lcsh:Anesthesiology, Key (cryptography), business
Abstract

This article deals with formulating a suitable title and an appropriate abstract for an original research paper. The "title" and the "abstract" are the "initial impressions" of a research article, and hence they need to be drafted correctly, accurately, carefully, and meticulously. Often both of these are drafted after the full manuscript is ready. Most readers read only the title and the abstract of a research paper and very few will go on to read the full paper. The title and the abstract are the most important parts of a research paper and should be pleasant to read. The "title" should be descriptive, direct, accurate, appropriate, interesting, concise, precise, unique, and should not be misleading. The "abstract" needs to be simple, specific, clear, unbiased, honest, concise, precise, stand-alone, complete, scholarly, (preferably) structured, and should not be misrepresentative. The abstract should be consistent with the main text of the paper, especially after a revision is made to the paper and should include the key message prominently. It is very important to include the most important words and terms (the "keywords") in the title and the abstract for appropriate indexing purpose and for retrieval from the search engines and scientific databases. Such keywords should be listed after the abstract. One must adhere to the instructions laid down by the target journal with regard to the style and number of words permitted for the title and the abstract.

Published
2019

2. India's need for long-term solutions to COVID-19-like pandemics: A policy paper by Organized Medicine Academic Guild.

Author

Raina SK, Kumar R, Natrajan S, Gilada I, Garg S, Dhariwal AC, Galvankar S, Khaparde SD, Bhatt R, Bodhankar U, and Agarwal P

Abstract

The entire world seems to have responded to COVID-19 pandemic in a knee-jerk manner with a short mindset without building on the existing strengths of public health infrastructure. National governments cannot be blamed for this as we are dealing with a crisis that comes once in a lifetime. Realising this, the Organized Medicine Academic Guild (OMAG) an association of major health associations in this country has suggested measures for long-term solutions to COVID-19-like pandemics in the form of a policy paper by OMAG., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.)

Published
2021
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3. Do the values of prostate specific antigen obtained from fresh and dried urine reflect the serum measurements?

Author

Osman Köse, Öztuğ Adsan, Fatma Özdemir, and Hasan Salih Sağlam

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Filter paper, business.industry, paper, Urology, Free psa, Urine, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, urologic and male genital diseases, urine, Prostate-specific antigen, Serum free, medicine, prostate-specific antigen, Original Article, business, Determination, Total psa, Morning
Abstract

Aim: To investigate if free PSA (fPSA) and total PSA (tPSA) values obtained from simultaneously collected urine, fresh and dried on filter paper, reflect the serum free and total PSA. Materials and Methods : The sera and 20 cc first voided urine from 33 consecutive men aged between 40 and 84 (mean 61 ± 12), were collected in the morning and delivered to the laboratory. Three different aliquots of 100 microgram urine were taken with automatic pipette and dropped on 3 certain areas of a filter paper and allowed to dry for each patient. On each paper, borders of dried urine were marked. PSA values were obtained from the sera and fresh urine samples and recorded. Later on particular days dried urine samples were dissolved and eventually PSA values were derived and recorded again. The results were compared to each other. Correlations were evaluated by using an SPSS statistics program. Results: Serum PSA values correlated weakly (r < 0.24) with fresh and dried urine PSA values. While PSA in fresh and dried urine samples showed strong correlation (0.5 < r < 0.74), a very strong correlation (r > 0.75) among PSA values of dried urine samples of 1-day, 7- and 28-days, were seen. Conclusions : We conclude that PSA values obtained from fresh and dried urine could not reflect serum PSA values. But, because dried urine on a filter paper can be stable for years, it could be used for forensic purposes.

Published
2013

4. Apo E genotyping from blood stored on filter paper.

Author

Quraishi R, Lakshmy R, Luthra K, Mukhopadhyay AK, and Jailkhani BL

Subjects
Blood Specimen Collection methods, Humans, Humidity, Paper, Temperature, Apolipoproteins E blood, Apolipoproteins E genetics, Dried Blood Spot Testing methods, Genotyping Techniques methods
Abstract

Background & Objectives: Dried blood spotted on to filter paper has been found suitable for a large number of studies. In tropical countries with varying temperature conditions the use of dried blood needs to be validated. We carried out this study to assess the use of blood spotted filter paper as a transport system to study genotyping of Apo E gene., Methods: Fifty five patients visiting Cardiothoracic Neuroscience Centre (CNC) OPD at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, and referred for lipid investigations to Cardiac Biochemistry Laboratory were selected at random. Blood was spotted on to Whatman 3 MM filter paper, dried and stored at room temperature. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyping was carried out at the end of 0, 3 and 12 months. The study was further validated using samples collected on to filter paper from four centres and stored for eight years at room temperature. The temperature and humidity conditions of the centre varied widely., Results: Fifty five samples collected on to filter paper showed exact match of the genotyping when compared to fresh blood. In dried blood samples collected and stored for 1 yr at room temperature DNA extraction and apo E genotyping was done successfully., Interpretation & Conclusions: The present results showed the feasibility of using dried blood samples on filter paper for apo E genotyping in tropical temperature. The findings need to be validated on a large sample before being recommended for use.

Published
2012

6. Study of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic contaminaiton of currency notes in circulation.

Author

Basavarajappa KG, Rao PN, and Suresh K

Subjects
Animals, Bacterial Infections prevention & control, Bacterial Infections transmission, Humans, Mycoses prevention & control, Mycoses transmission, Protozoan Infections prevention & control, Protozoan Infections transmission, Bacteria isolation & purification, Eukaryota isolation & purification, Fungi isolation & purification, Paper
Abstract

A total of 100 currency notes of various denominations in circulation were randomly studied for bacterial, fungal and protozoal contamination. All except four notes yielded one or more bacteria. Bacterial culture yielded single isolate in 33 notes, two in 44 notes, three in 12 notes and four in 7 notes. The predominant bacterial isolate was Bacillus sps followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci and Micrococcus sps. Other bacteria that are either potential or confirmed pathogens included K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. aureus, Pseudomonas sps and S. typhi. Only two notes were positive for Acid fast bacilli. 28 samples did not yield any fungal growth. Overall 118 fungal isolates were isolated, of which 34 could not be identified. All the fungi isolated were saprophytes. Saline and Iodine wet mount did not reveal any parasitic forms. We recommend that currency notes must be handled with caution.

Published
2005

11. Filter paper cyanmethaemoglobin estimation.

Author

Talib VH, Khurana SR, and Jain A

Subjects
Filtration instrumentation, Humans, Methemoglobin analysis, Paper, Erythrocyte Indices methods, Methemoglobin analogs & derivatives
Published
1986